Android

Application Development

Android BasicsAndroid Basics

Credit goes to Google!

Course Objectives

• Mobile Application Development (MAD)• Intro to Android platform• Platform architecture• Application building blocks• Development tools• Textbook: Hello, Android

Few reasons to go MAD…

• Smart Phones– Internet access anywhere– Social networking

• Millions of mobile users

• Open standards

Introduction to Android

• Open software platform for mobile development

• A complete stack – OS, Middleware, Applications

• An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project

• Powered by Linux operating system

• Fast application development in Java

• Open source under the Apache 2 license

Linux Kernel

• Works as a HAL

• Device drivers

• Memory management

• Process management

• Networking

Libraries

• C/C++ libraries

• Interface through Java

• Surface manager – Handling UI Windows

• 2D and 3D graphics

• Media codecs, SQLite, Browser engine

Android Runtime

• Dalvik VM– Dex files– Compact and efficient than class files– Limited memory and battery power

• Core Libraries– Java 5 Std edition– Collections, I/O etc…

Application Framework

• API interface

• Activity manager – manages application life cycle.

Applications

• Built in and user apps

• Can replace built in apps

Course Objectives

• Mobile Application Development (MAD)• Intro to Android platform• Platform architecture• Application building blocks• Development tools• Textbook: Hello, Android

Application Building Blocks

• Activity

• IntentReceiver

• Service

• ContentProvider

Activities

• Typically correspond to one UI screen

• But, they can:– Be faceless– Be in a floating window– Return a value

IntentReceivers

• Components that respond to broadcast ‘Intents’

• Way to respond to external notification or alarms

• Apps can invent and broadcast their own Intent

Intents

• Think of Intents as a verb and object; a description of what you want done– E.g. VIEW, CALL, PLAY etc..

• System matches Intent with Activity that can best provide the service

• Activities and IntentReceivers describe what Intents they can service

Intents

GMail

Contacts

Home

Blogger

Chat

Client component makes a request for a specific action

“Pick photo”

System picks best component for that action

New components can use existing functionality

Blogger

Photo Gallery

Services

• Faceless components that run in the background– E.g. music player, network download etc…

ContentProviders

• Enables sharing of data across applications– E.g. address book, photo gallery

• Provides uniform APIs for:– querying– delete, update and insert.

• Content is represented by URI and MIME type

Course Objectives

• Mobile Application Development (MAD)• Intro to Android platform• Platform architecture• Application building blocks• Development tools• Textbook: Hello, Android

Development Tools

• Eclipse

• Android SDK 2.0 or higherdeveloper.android.com

The Emulator

• QEMU-based ARM emulator• Runs the same image as the

device

• Limitations:– No Camera support

Devices

Hello World

• A great starting point: http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/hello-world.html

• Generating UIs– Views – building blocks– E.g. TextView, EditText, Button– Placed into Layouts– E.g. LinearLayout, TableLayout,

AbsoluteLayout

Application Lifecycle

• Application run in their own processes (VM, PID)

• Processes are started and stopped as needed to run an application's components

• Processes may be killed to reclaim resources

Lifecycle

• System Process

GMail

Contacts

Home

• Home • Mail • Browser

• Map

Location Manager

XMPP Services

• Allows any app to send device-to-device messages to other android users

• Data Messages are Intents with name/value pairs

• Works with any gmail account…

• Can also build servers to deliver server-to-device messages

Notification Manager

Notification Manager

• How background app interact with users

• Consistent notification presentation

Views

Views

Location Manager

End of Lecture

• First task, install the SDK and Eclipse for instructions detailed in Assignment #1

• Will be performed in class as well.