symbiotic relationships. symbiosis - the relationship between two different individual species that...
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Symbiotic Symbiotic RelationshipsRelationships
Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships
symbiosissymbiosis - the relationship between two - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together)a close relationship (living together)
The word The word symbiosissymbiosis can be broken down into can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaningtwo parts to determine its meaning
symsym means means togethertogether biobio means means lifelife
Types of SymbiosisTypes of Symbiosis There are There are threethree
types of symbiotic types of symbiotic relationshipsrelationships Mutualism (+, +)Mutualism (+, +) Commensalism (+, 0)Commensalism (+, 0) Parasitism (+, -)Parasitism (+, -)
Each relationship Each relationship can be shown using can be shown using + , - , or 0+ , - , or 0
MutualismMutualism mutualismmutualism - a - a relationship where relationship where both organisms both organisms benefit benefit
A + / + relationshipA + / + relationship
Think of a normal Think of a normal friendship where friendship where both friends gain both friends gain something from the something from the friendshipfriendshipThe acacia galls are homes to stinging
ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree
leaves.
MutualismMutualismFlowers and their Pollinators Flowers and their Pollinators
(Example: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread (Example: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread
pollen.)pollen.)
MutualismMutualism
The moray eel gets a clean
mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.
MutualismMutualism Birds and mammals eat berries Birds and mammals eat berries
and fruits while the plant benefits and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds.by the dispersal of it seeds.
The oxbird gets rid of
the parasiteso
n the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a
meal.
MutualismMutualism
MutualismMutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the Cleaners eat insect pests from the
skin of animals.skin of animals.
MutualismMutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Algae and Fungi (Lichen) -
Alga gets water and nutrients Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the from the fungus and the
fungus gets food from the fungus gets food from the algae.algae.
MutualismMutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, Many herbivores such as cows, sheep,
deer, horses and rabbits depend on deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to bacteria that live in their stomachs to
break down the plant material.break down the plant material.
MutualismMutualism The corals get food and the The corals get food and the
algae are protected.algae are protected.
CommensalismCommensalism commensalismcommensalism – a – a
relationship where one relationship where one species benefits while the species benefits while the other species remains other species remains unaffectedunaffected
A + / 0 relationshipA + / 0 relationship
Think of a friendship Think of a friendship where one of the friends where one of the friends benefits while the other benefits while the other doesn’t changedoesn’t change
Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale
CommensalismCommensalismOne species uses a second One species uses a second
organism for housing such as small organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in mammals or birds that lives in
holes in trees or orchids which live holes in trees or orchids which live in trees.in trees.
Orchid in rainforest Venezuela
Cattle stir up insects
as they eat grass and theegrets hang
around and eat insects.
CommensalismCommensalism
CommensalismCommensalism
Clown fish get their
protection from the
sea anemone and the
anemone is unaffected.
CommensalismCommensalism
Shark eats and
the remora gets the scraps left by
the shark.
ParasitismParasitism parasitismparasitism – a relationship – a relationship
where one organism where one organism benefits (parasite) while the benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) species it depends on (host) is harmedis harmed
hosthost – an organism on – an organism on which a parasite liveswhich a parasite lives
A + / - relationshipA + / - relationship
Think of a friendship where Think of a friendship where you might feel used by your you might feel used by your friendfriend
Parasitic isopod on fish
ParasitismParasitismTicks and fleas that live in a host Ticks and fleas that live in a host
animal's fur bite the animal and drink animal's fur bite the animal and drink
its blood are parasites.its blood are parasites.
ParasitismParasitismMistletoe
takes moisture and nutrients from
the plant while the
woody plant has to support itself and the
mistletoe.
ParasitismParasitismInsects such as mosquitoes Insects such as mosquitoes
feeding on a host are parasites.feeding on a host are parasites.
The tick eats the
blood of a human and the human receives
Lyme disease from the
tick.
ParasitismParasitism
ParasitismParasitismVines such as Kudzu growing on TreesVines such as Kudzu growing on Trees
ParasitismParasitismTomato Hornworm with Wasp EggsTomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs
ParasitismParasitismThe
tapeworm attaches
itself to the intestines of a dog and
the tapeworm
takes nutrients from the
dog.
ParasitismParasitismTapeworm or Hookworms living in Tapeworm or Hookworms living in
Host's GutHost's Gut
Symbiosis – Brain Pop