symbiosis & food chains unit 5 - ecology. introduction relationships exist in order for one or...
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SYMBIOSIS & FOOD CHAINS
Unit 5 - Ecology
Introduction
Relationships exist in order for one or both organisms to get food (energy).
Sunlight is the main source of energy on Earth.
Section 1
Food Chains/Food Webs
Feeding Style
Producers Produce their
own food; get energy from sunlight
Consumers acquire energy
from other organisms.
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
Types of Consumers
Herbivores eat plants
(cows) Carnivores
eat animals (snakes)
Omnivores eat plants &
animals (humans)
Detritivores eat plant/animal
remains & other dead matter. (vultures, earthworms, maggots…)
Decomposer feed on
decaying/dead matter; return organic compunds back to soil. (fungus & bacteria)
Detritivore
Omnivore
Carnivore Herbivore Decomposer
Food Chains/Webs
Energy (food) is passed from organism to organism through food chains and food webs.
Food Chain a series of steps in
which organism transfer energy by eating & being eaten.
Food Web links all the food
chains in a ecosystem together.
Trophic Levels
Trophic Level – each step in a food chain or food web. 1st trophic level is
always a producer (autotroph)Plants, algae,
plankton 2nd trophic levels
and up are consumers. (heterotroph)
Trophic Levels
A primary consumer is the first consumer of a food chain (consumes the producer) second trophic level
(the producer is always the first)
A secondary consumer is the second consumer of a food chain (consumes the primary consumer) third trophic level.
A tertiary consumer is the third consumer of a food chain (consumes the secondary consumer) Fourth trophic level.
Section 2
Relationships
Relationships
I.) Symbiosis 2 or more
species live together in a close, long-term association.
II.) Predation one organism
feeds on another; one benefits and one is hurt (may or may not be kill)
Symbiosis
Mutualism: both organisms benefit Ex. Shark &
remora/ herd animals & birds/goby fish & shrimp+, +
Symbiosis
Commensalism: one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Ex. Sea
anemone & tropical fish+,O
Symbiosis
Parasitism: one organism feeds on & usually lives on or in another organism. Ex. Ticks,
mosquitoes, tapeworm, heartworm, +, -
Predation
II.) Predation: one organism feeds on another; one benefits and one is hurt (may or may not be kill) Ex. Snakes –
predator / mice prey