SYLLOGISM, SYMBOLISM, SYNECDOCHE, SYNESTHESIA, AND SYNTAX

ERICA SMITH

Literary Terms

SYLLOGISM

Basically an “If (true, broad/specific statement [Major premise]) and (true, specific/broad statement [Minor premise]), Then (valid statement [Conclusion])”.

1. “ALL BOOKS FROM THAT STORE ARE NEW. THIS BOOK IS FROM THAT STORE. THEREFORE, THIS BOOK IS NEW.”

2. “SIXTY MEN CAN WORK SIXTY TIMES AS QUICKLY AS ONE MAN. ONE MAN CAN DIG A POSTHOLE IN SIXTY SECONDS. THEREFORE,

SIXTY MEN CAN DIG A POSTHOLE IN ONE SECOND.”3. “ALL REPTILES HAVE NO FUR. ALL SNAKES ARE REPTILES.

THEREFORE, NO SNAKES HAVE FUR”.

Examples of Syllogism

SYMBOLISMOften a physical object that represents itself and an idea or something abstract.

Natural: Something in nature that often is associated with something greater.

Conventional: A symbol that is often associated with a group of people (generally religion)

Literary: Common symbols from various works that are generally easily recognized.

1. A CRUCIFIX OR CROSS OFTEN SYMBOLIZES CATHOLIC OR CHRISTIAN BELIEFS.

2. DEPENDING UPON ITS LEVEL OF INTENSITY, RAIN MAY EITHER SERVE AS LIFE-GIVING OR LIFE-DESTROYING. IT IS REVITALIZING, FERTILIZING, AND HEAVENLY, AND OFTEN

MARKS ACTS OF PURIFICATION.3. WHITE ROSES SYMBOLIZE ETERNITY/PURITY.

Examples of Symbolism

SYNECDOCHE

An object is either referred to by another object that is apart of it, or a part of an object is referred to by the whole.

1. WHEELS REFERS TO AN ENTIRE CAR.2. THREADS REFERS TO AN ENTIRE ARTICLE OF

CLOTHING.3. A HAND REFERS TO THE ENTIRE PERSON THAT IS

WORKING.

Examples of Synecdoche

SYNESTHESIA

Two or more senses are combined and conveyed together through one sense or idea.

1. “PAINTING WITH THE COLORS OF THE WIND”. COLORS YOU SEE, WIND OR BREEZE IS SOMETHING YOU FEEL.

2. ROSES SMELL SWEET. ROSES BEING VISUAL AND SWEET A FLAVOR.3. “WARM WELCOME”. WARM BEING A FEELING AND A WELCOME AN

IDEA.

Examples of Synesthesia

SYNTAX

The way in which phrases are formed and/or ordered by the author. Sometimes intentional poor grammar or making of clauses.

1.Linguistics .

a. the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. b. the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words. c. the rules or patterns so studied: English syntax. d. a presentation of these: a syntax of English. e. an instance of these: the syntax of a sentence.

1. “COLORLESS GREEN IDEAS SLEEP FURIOUSLY” 2. SHE GOT UP AND RAN OUT OF THE LIBRARY.

SLAMMING THE DOOR BEHIND HER.3. SHE GOT ANGRY AND SHOUTED AT THE TEACHER.

WHICH WASN’T A VERY GOOD IDEA.

Examples of Syntax

Works Cited

http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/http://niyamaklogic.wordpress.com/2009/05/04/unit-x-

rules-and-fallacies-for-categorical-syllogisms/http://www.meaningofflowersguide.com/wp-content/

uploads/2009/09/Flower-Symbolism-300x199.jpg http://www.siskiyous.edu/class/engl12/synecdoche.jpg http://bioscifi.kenyon.edu/images/3/35/A1871_1333.jpg http://esl.fis.edu/learners/advice/syntax.htm