syllabus for first class msc. ismail m.ali...
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LECTURE 1
SYLLABUS FOR FIRST CLASS
2013-2014
MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
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MANDATORY CLASS: 1ST ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CH 122
Teaching scheme: 2 hours lecture per week Credits: 6
Course description
Is an introduction to organic chemistry, focusing primarily on the basic principles to understand the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Emphasis is on substitution and elimination reactions and chemistry of the carbonyl group. The course also provides an introduction to the chemistry of aromatic compounds.
Objective
• To impart the basic concepts of organic chemistry
• To develop understanding about concepts on organic reactions for analysis of unit
processes
Specific learning outcome
The mechanisms can be described in terms of electron shifts, Radical substitution vice versa of alkanes. The physical properties will be explained in terms of the intermolecular forces.
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TOPICS
NO Topics Hours
1 Introduction for Hydrocarbons 2
2 electronic orbitals of carbon compounds, saturated hydrocarbon compound ,unsaturated compounds, aromatic compounds cyclic compound 10
3 cracking 4
4 Featured reactions: oxidation and combustion, added, replacement, nitrification halogenated. The Grignard reagent Friedel-Craft, Simon Smith, Swartz, polymerization 4
5 Halides: Halogenation operations hydrocarbon compound ways ionic or free radicals, added, replacement 4
6 Alcohols and phenols: hydrolysis processes for halides 6
7 Ethers: Williamson, operations, replacement 4
8 aldehyde and ketones 6
9 Featured reactions 4
10 Carboxylic acids and important derivatives 4
11 Featured reactions to form organic salts, esters, amino acids, amides 6
12 Amines and some important derivatives 6
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GRADING No. Assessment
Number % each % total Dates
Theoretical
1 Homework (HW),
Quizzes(Q
5
2 TEST 1
1 7.5 %
7.5
3 TEST 2
1 7.5 %
7.5
4 TEST 3
1 7.5 % 7.5
5 TEST 4
1 7.5 % 7.5
6 Final Exam (F)
1 50% 50
Theoretical Total 85
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PRACTICAL
Report for all
Experiences
5% 5
TEST 1
2.5% 2.5
TEST 2
2.5% 2.5
Final Exam
5% 5
Practical Total
15
Overall Total ( Theoretical + Practical) 100
No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates
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Percentage of change: 20%
Text Book:
Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, ELBS
References:
1. Morrison & Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall of India-
2. Bahl&Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand
3. Sony, P.L., Organic Chemistry, S. Chand
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TU Examination Pattern (Maximum Marks -30)
PART A: preparation the following compounds 6X1
mark-6 marks
PART B: naming the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6
marks
PART C:drow structure for the following compounds
6X1 mark -6marks
PART D : defined the following compounds 6X1 mark-
6marks
Part E : show the converter the following compounds
6X1 mark-6marks
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HYDROCARBONS
OBJECTIVES
1. What is organic chemistry? In general, how do organic
compounds differ from inorganic compounds?
2. Why are there so many more organic compounds than
inorganic compounds?
3. What are hydrocarbons? What structural features identify
alkanes? Alkenes? Alkynes? Aromatic hydrocarbons?
4. How are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic
hydrocarbons named using IUPAC nomenclature?
5. What are the physical and chemical properties of alkanes,
alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons?
objectives
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OBJECTIVES
6. What is an alkyl group?
7. What are some products from reactions of alkanes? How are
they formed?
8. What are the major reactions of alkenes? What are the
products of those reactions?
9. What are polymers? How are they formed and utilized?
10. What is petroleum and how is it utilized?
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon
Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements
95% of compounds contain carbon
Form stable, covalent bonds with each other
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PROPERTIES
Organic (Benzene)
Low melting pts
Low boiling pts
Low solubility in water
Highly flammable
Nonconductive
Covalent bonds
Inorganic (NaCl)
High melting pts
High boiling pts
Soluble in water
Nonflammable
Conductive
Ionic bonds
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HYDROCARBONS
Compounds containing only two elements
Carbon and hydrogen
Alkanes: Structures and Names
Objectives
Identify an alkane
Determine what an isomer of an alkane is
Identify different types of alkanes
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ALKANES
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Called saturated because each carbon is
bonded to four other atoms
Only single bonds
Methane
Ethane
Propane
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HOMOLOGY
Related compounds
Homologs
Have properties that vary in a regular and
predictable manner
A manner of organization
Similar to P.T.
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ISOMERS
Different compounds having the same
molecular formula
Butane
Isobutane (isolated branched chain)
Pentane
Isopentane
Neopentane
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ISOMERS
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ALKANES
CnH2n+2
Representation
Structural Formulas
Condensed Structural Formulas
Butane
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ALKYL GROUP
A group of atoms that results when one
hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane
CnH2n+1
Change –ane ending to –yl
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
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IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
Define IUPAC
Examine the rules for IUPAC naming
Determine the correct names of alkanes
Geneva, Switzerland 1892
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
IUPAC System of Nomenclature
(isobutane, isopentane are common names)
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IUPAC RULES
1. Name the longest chain in the parent compound. End in –ane. (Root name)
Number each carbon
See Example
2. Note the alkyl groups attached
3. Number the carbon that the group is attached to.
Must use the lowest number possible.
See Example
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IUPAC RULES CON’T
4. Use prefixes to indicate the amount of
attached groups
See Example
5. If there are more than two or more different
substituents, list them in alphabetical order. If
at equal points, lower alphabetical order given
lowest number
See Example
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6. PREFIXES NOT INCLUDED IN
ALPHABETIZING
SEE EXAMPLE
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NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
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NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
a. 3-ethylhexane
b. 2,4-dimethylpentane
c. 3-methylhexane
d. 4-isopropylheptane
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DRAW THE STRUCTURAL FORMULAS FOR EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING
4-propylheptane
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
3-isopropyl-3-
methyloctane
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PROPERTIES OF ALKANES
Objectives
Determine the physical and physiological
properties of alkanes