Syllabus Area Four:Syllabus Area Four:

Threats to SecurityThreats to Security

AimsAims::

Identify the main security threats Identify the main security threats facing countries like the UK.facing countries like the UK.

Examine the response of the UK Examine the response of the UK government to international government to international terrorism.terrorism.

Threats to European Threats to European SecuritySecurity

During the past few years the UK and During the past few years the UK and

other European countries have faced other European countries have faced

increasing security threats. These increasing security threats. These

threats have come from:threats have come from:

International TerrorismInternational Terrorism

Organised CrimeOrganised Crime

Nuclear ProliferationNuclear Proliferation

Russian AggressionRussian Aggression

In recent years, high profile terrorist attacks have In recent years, high profile terrorist attacks have

created huge concern among countries about threats created huge concern among countries about threats to to

their security.their security.

International TerrorismInternational Terrorism

Using pages 58-59 write a brief note on each Using pages 58-59 write a brief note on each

of these attacks. Focus on what happened, of these attacks. Focus on what happened,

who was responsible and how many who was responsible and how many casualties casualties

there were (killed or injured)there were (killed or injured)

9/11 - World Trade Centre9/11 - World Trade Centre

Madrid Bombings 2004Madrid Bombings 2004

7/7 - London Bombings 20057/7 - London Bombings 2005

Glasgow Airport Attack 2007Glasgow Airport Attack 2007

UK’s Security Response – Government UK’s Security Response – Government MeasuresMeasures

COBRACOBRA – emergency committee which – emergency committee which meets to plan the government’s meets to plan the government’s response to civil emergencies e.g. 7/7 response to civil emergencies e.g. 7/7 London bombing.London bombing.

Terrorism Act 2006Terrorism Act 2006 – offence to make – offence to make statements or give out materials that statements or give out materials that encourage terrorismencourage terrorism. Illegal to train or . Illegal to train or receive training for terrorist attacks in receive training for terrorist attacks in the the UK or abroadUK or abroad. Terrorist suspects can . Terrorist suspects can also be held without charge for 28 days.also be held without charge for 28 days.

UK’s Security Response – Government UK’s Security Response – Government MeasuresMeasures

MI5 MI5 – increased funding so they can employ – increased funding so they can employ more staff to deal with terrorist threats. MI5 more staff to deal with terrorist threats. MI5 has doubled in size.has doubled in size.ID CardsID Cards – for foreign national coming to the – for foreign national coming to the UK for work or asylum.UK for work or asylum.CyberterrorismCyberterrorism – UK government has – UK government has increased its powers to monitor activity on increased its powers to monitor activity on the internet.the internet.Borders AgencyBorders Agency – issues visas to people – issues visas to people wishing to come to the UK to visit, work or wishing to come to the UK to visit, work or study. In charge of border control to monitor study. In charge of border control to monitor movement of people in and out of UK.movement of people in and out of UK.

Extra Security in Public PlacesExtra Security in Public Places

Using page 63 of your textbook explain Using page 63 of your textbook explain how how

security in public places has increased. security in public places has increased.

Make notes on the following areas:Make notes on the following areas:

Hand luggage at airportsHand luggage at airports

Security checks at airportsSecurity checks at airports

Security at tube/railway stationsSecurity at tube/railway stations

Scottish Parliament buildingScottish Parliament building

Organised CrimeOrganised Crime

Growing concern about criminal gangs Growing concern about criminal gangs operating across Europe in drugs, operating across Europe in drugs, prostitution and illegal human trafficking.prostitution and illegal human trafficking.Can be used by terrorist groups to fund Can be used by terrorist groups to fund activities e.g. in Afghanistan, al-Qaeda used activities e.g. in Afghanistan, al-Qaeda used funds from opium (heroin) grade to finance funds from opium (heroin) grade to finance their activities.their activities.UK/Scottish government created special UK/Scottish government created special police intelligence units to tackle this issue.police intelligence units to tackle this issue.Within the EU member states work together Within the EU member states work together e.g. Europol (European Police) Intelligence e.g. Europol (European Police) Intelligence Agency. European Arrest Warrant – Agency. European Arrest Warrant – suspected criminals can be arrested and suspected criminals can be arrested and returned to the appropriate country.returned to the appropriate country.

Russian AggressionRussian Aggression

Russia is Russia is concerned concerned many of its many of its neighbours neighbours e.g. Georgia, e.g. Georgia, Ukraine, want Ukraine, want to join NATO to join NATO and EU.and EU.Russia is Russia is worried about worried about its influence its influence in Eastern in Eastern Europe.Europe.

In 2008, South Ossetia tried to break away In 2008, South Ossetia tried to break away from the rest of Georgia – Russian forces from the rest of Georgia – Russian forces invaded and pushed out the Georgian invaded and pushed out the Georgian forces.forces.Russia has 7% of world’s oil reserves and Russia has 7% of world’s oil reserves and provides Western Europe with 25% of its provides Western Europe with 25% of its gas supplies.gas supplies.There is concern that Russia might use its There is concern that Russia might use its fuel reserves to pressurise its fuel reserves to pressurise its neighbours/countries in the West.neighbours/countries in the West.In 2006 Russia cut off gas supplies to In 2006 Russia cut off gas supplies to Ukraine because of its closer links with the Ukraine because of its closer links with the West.West.UK and other countries are depending more UK and other countries are depending more on nuclear power or developing alternative on nuclear power or developing alternative sources of fuel.sources of fuel.

Nuclear ProliferationNuclear Proliferation• There is concern about There is concern about

countries who are countries who are trying to develop trying to develop nuclear weapons.nuclear weapons.

• Nuclear weapons could Nuclear weapons could fall into the hands of fall into the hands of terrorists or if extremist terrorists or if extremist groups come to power groups come to power in a country there is a in a country there is a greater chance of greater chance of nuclear war.nuclear war.

• The UK has The UK has TridentTrident – an – an independent submarine independent submarine launched nuclear launched nuclear missile system – there missile system – there are four submarines are four submarines armed with US nuclear armed with US nuclear missiles.missiles.

North KoreaNorth Korea• This is a Communist country This is a Communist country

and there is a long history of and there is a long history of tension with South Korea.tension with South Korea.

• North Korea have carried out North Korea have carried out two nuclear tests in 2006 and two nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009.2009.

• The leader Kim Jong-il died in The leader Kim Jong-il died in 2011 and was replace by his 2011 and was replace by his son Kim Jong-un son Kim Jong-un IranIran

• Huge oil and gas reserves.Huge oil and gas reserves.• Country has developed its first Country has developed its first

nuclear power station – claim they nuclear power station – claim they have no intention to produce have no intention to produce nuclear weapons.nuclear weapons.

• Other countries are not convinced.Other countries are not convinced.• UN has imposed sanctions on UN has imposed sanctions on

nuclear materials/technology.nuclear materials/technology.• EU has recently banned Iranian oil EU has recently banned Iranian oil

imports.imports.