swm - sd with impact

Solid Waste ManagementWritersAileen de GuzmanJoyce ReyesEditorsChay Florentino-HofileñaGiselle Baretto-LapitanProject ManagementAmihan PerezAteneo Center for Social Policy and Public Affairs (ACSPPA)Technical and Editorial TeamRene “Bong’ Garrucho, LGSPMags Maglana, LGSPMerlinda Hussein, LGSPGemma Borreros, LGSPMyn Garcia, LGSPOrient Integrated Development Consultants Inc.Art Direction, Cover Design & Layout Jet HermidaPhotographyGil Nartea

OPTIONS AND SOLUTIONS AT THELOCAL LEVEL

Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management: Mapping out Solutions at the Local LevelService Delivery with Impact: Resource Books for Local Government

Copyright @2003 Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program(LGSP)

All rights reserved

The Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program encouragesthe use, translation, adaptation and copying of this material for non-commercial use, with appropriate credit given to LGSP.

Although reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this book,the publisher and/or contributor and/or editor can not accept any liabilityfor any consequence arising from the use thereof or from any informationcontained herein.

ISBN 971-8597-07-7

Printed and bound in Manila, Philippines

Published by:

Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program (LGSP) Unit 1507 Jollibee PlazaEmerald Ave., 1600 Pasig City, PhilippinesTel. Nos. (632) 637-3511 to 13www.lgsp.org.ph

Ateneo Center for Social Policy and Public Affairs (ACSPPA)ACSPPA, Fr. Arrupe Road, Social Development ComplexAteneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, 1108 Quezon City

This project was undertaken with the financial support of the Governmentof Canada provided through the Canadian International DevelopmentAgency (CIDA).

A JOINT PROJECT OF

IMPLEMENTED BY

Department of the Interiorand Local Government (DILG)

National Economic andDevelopment Authority (NEDA)

Canadian InternationalDevelopment Agency

Federation of CanadianMunicipalities (FCM)

www.fcm.ca

Agriteam Canadawww.agriteam.ca

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

PREFACE

ACRONYMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR

The Social Imperative

Guiding Principles of Solid Waste Management

The Hierarchy of Solid Waste Management

Functional Elements of Solid Waste Management

Implementation of an Integrated Solid Waste Management Program

CHAPTER 2: LGU MANDATES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 3: POLICY & IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND CONCERNS

LGU Awareness of Existing Policies

Policy Issues

Financial Constraints

LGU SWM Plans and Ordinances

Technical and Organizational Issues

Community Involvement

CHAPTER 4: GOOD PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Good Solid Waste Management Practices in the Philippines

Good Practices in Solid Waste Management Outside the Philippines

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CHAPTER 5: REFERENCES AND TOOLS

Study Tour Sites

References

Technical and Funding Assistance for LGUs in Solid Waste Management

ENDNOTES

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CONTENTS


The Department of the Interior and Local Government is pleased to acknowledge the latestpublication of the Philippines Canada Local Government Support Program (LGSP), ServiceDelivery with Impact: Resource Books for Local Government; a series of books on eight (8)

service delivery areas, which include Shelter, Water and Sanitation, Health, Agriculture, Local EconomicDevelopment, Solid Waste Management, Watershed and Coastal Resource Management.

One of the biggest challenges in promoting responsive and efficient local governance is to be able tomeaningfully deliver quality public services to communities as mandated in the Local Government Code.Faced with continued high incidence of poverty, it is imperative to strengthen the role of LGUs in servicedelivery as they explore new approaches for improving their performance.

Strategies and mechanisms for effective service delivery must take into consideration issues of povertyreduction, people’s participation, the promotion of gender equality, environmental sustainability andeconomic and social equity for more long- term results. There is also a need to acquire knowledge, createnew structures, and undertake innovative programs that are more responsive to the needs of thecommunities and develop linkages and partnerships within and between communities as part of anintegrated approach to providing relevant and sustainable services to their constituencies.

Service Delivery with Impact: Resource Books for Local Government offer local government units andtheir partners easy-to-use, comprehensive resource material with which to take up this challenge. Byproviding LGUs with practical technologies, tested models and replicable exemplary practices, ServiceDelivery with Impact encourages LGUs to be innovative, proactive and creative in addressing the realproblems and issues in providing and enhancing services, taking into account increased communityparticipation and strategic private sector/civil society organizational partnerships. We hope that in usingthese resource books, LGUs will be better equipped with new ideas, tools and inspiration to make a

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FOREWORD

difference by expanding their knowledge and selection of replicable choices in delivering basic serviceswith increased impact.

The DILG, therefore, congratulates the Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program (LGSP)for this milestone in its continuing efforts to promote efficient, responsive, transparent and accountablegovernance.

HON. JOSE D. LINA, JR.SecretaryDepartment of the Interior and Local Government

FOREWORD

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Service Delivery with Impact: Resource Books for Local Government are the product of a seriesof roundtable discussions, critical review of tested models and technologies, and case analysesof replicable exemplary practices in the Philippines conducted by the Philippines-Canada Local

Government Support Program (LGSP) in eight (8) service sectors that local government units (LGUs) aremandated to deliver. These include Shelter, Water and Sanitation, Health, Agriculture, Local EconomicDevelopment, Solid Waste Management, Watershed and Coastal Resource Management.

The devolution of powers as mandated in the Local Government Code has been a core pillar ofdecentralization in the Philippines. Yet despite opportunities for LGUs to make a meaningful differencein the lives of the people by maximizing these devolved powers, issues related to poverty persist andimprovements in effective and efficient service delivery remain a challenge.

With LGSP’s work in support of over 200 LGUs for the past several years came the recognition of the needto enhance capacities in service delivery, specifically to clarify the understanding and optimize the roleof local government units in providing improved services. This gap presented the motivation for LGSPto develop these resource books for LGUs.

Not a “how to manual,” Service Delivery with Impact features strategies and a myriad of provenapproaches designed to offer innovative ways for local governments to increase their capacities to betterdeliver quality services to their constituencies.

Each resource book focuses on highlighting the important areas of skills and knowledge that contributeto improved services. Service Delivery with Impact provides practical insights on how LGUs can applyguiding principles, tested and appropriate technology, and lessons learned from exemplary cases to theirorganization and in partnership with their communities.

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PREFACE

This series of resource books hopes to serve as a helpful and comprehensive reference to inspire andenable LGUs to significantly contribute to improving the quality of life of their constituency throughresponsive and efficient governance.

Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program (LGSP)

PREFACE

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ACRONYMS

AusAID Australian Agency for International DevelopmentAWARE Associated Waste Administration and Recycling EnterpriseBIKBAP Balik Inang Kalikasan, Balik Amang PabrikaBOT Build Operate TransferCEC Carmona Ecology CenterCRM Coastal Resource ManagementCSO Civil Society OrganizationsDA Department of AgricultureDBL Design Build LeaseDENR Department of the Environment and Natural ResourcesDILG Department of the Interior and Local GovernmentDTI Department of Trade and IndustryECC Environmental Clearance CertificateEcoGov Philippine Environmental Governance ProjectEIS Environmental Impact StatementENRC Environment and Natural Resources CouncilENRO Environment and Natural Resources OfficeFSSI Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc.GOLD Governance and Local DemocracyGOP Government of the PhilippinesIDEAS, Inc. Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives, Inc.IEC Information, Education and CommunicationIETC International Environmental Technology CentreIRR Implementing Rules and RegulationsISWM Integrated Solid Waste Management

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ACRONYMS

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JBIC Japan Bank for International CooperationLBP Land Bank of the PhilippinesLGSP Philippines-Canada Local Government Support ProgramLGUs Local Government UnitsLOGOFIND Local Government Finance and Development ProjectLRPs Local Resource PartnersMaCEA Makati Commercial Estates AssociationMAT Municipal Action TeamMRF Materials Recovery FacilityNCR National Capital RegionPASTT Philippines-Australia Governance FacilityRA Republic ActRTD Roundtable DiscussionSFM Sustainable Forest ManagementSWAPP Solid Waste Management Association of the PhilippinesSWM Solid Waste ManagementSZWAT Silang Zero Waste Action TeamUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUSAID United States Agency for International DevelopmentWMO Waste Management Office

THE SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Rapid population growth and industrialization have turned the Philippines’ waste situation into ahuge problem. With today’s lifestyle, it is estimated that one person can generate as much as half a kiloof waste a day. The continuous stream into the market of new products that use the latest packagingtechnology further heightens the problem because new kinds of garbage are produced. Not only is therean increase in the amount of waste; there is also an increase in the variety of waste.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The Philippine government has recognized the severity of the garbage problem and has prioritized theestablishment of appropriate measures to address it. The most comprehensive piece of legislation is theRepublic Act (RA) 9003, known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, which assignsthe primary task of implementation and enforcement to LGUs. It emphasizes the importance ofminimizing waste by using techniques such as recycling, resource recovery, reuse, and composting.

WHAT LGUs HAVE TO DO

Solid waste disposal is proving to be a complex and controversial issue and LGUs are faced with limitedoptions to address it as the mandatory provisions in the law already spell out what they have to do. Theirbiggest challenge is to come up with solid waste management and pollution control strategies that wouldreduce the waste released to the environment.

LGUs can start the development of the required 10-year integrated solid waste management programwith waste appraisal to determine waste generation and the “waste profile”of their community and toassess the solid waste management practices and systems already in place in their communities. With

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

the analysis of such data, LGUs should then be able to identify their waste management options anddraw up specific SWM measures, including the design of waste disposal facilities.

LGUs will need to support the engineering component of their SWM programs with education andenforcement interventions. They have to provide the organizational support and systems for theefficient and effective implementation of the SWM plan.

WHAT SOME LGUs HAVE DONE

There are many types of projects on solid waste management that an LGU can initiate, (even as it is yetdeveloping a long-term SWM plan). Some LGUs have concentrated on social preparation and networking,particularly in the early stages of SWM planning and implementation. The municipality of Bustos,Bulacan and the city of Manila, for instance, came up with solid waste management projects thatfocused on social preparation and networking to improve the knowledge of their constituents and winthe support of the community. Other LGUs have focused on composting and recycling activities,which require the establishment of the necessary facilities. Still others have started to work towards theupgrading of their waste disposal facilities, in compliance with the law.

LGUs need to be in touch with the problems and demands of their communities. They need toimmediately address urgent SWM issues with projects that meet their needs yet match their resourcesand capabilities.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Municipal solid waste refers to food, paper, rubbish, packaging and ashes discarded byhouseholds and commercial establishments; non-hazardous and non-toxic institutional orindustrial waste; street sweepings, construction debris, and agricultural waste. To the

ordinary Filipino, solid waste is anything that is considered “basura”and there is expectation, especiallyin the more urban areas, that it is the responsibility of local government officials to reduce and controlthe solid waste problem.

The problems of solid waste management confronting local government units are becoming morecomplex as population and local economies grow. LGUs need to continually review and map out short-term and long-term solutions to effectively deal with them.

The development of this resource book on solid waste management thus aims to: 1) provide localgovernment units (LGUs) and local resource personnel information on the development challenges,working models, and good practices on solid waste management that can be studied, addressed, andreplicated where appropriate; 2) enhance LGUs’ understanding of the mandates that govern solidwaste management to help prepare them for more effective work and identify opportunities forfurther policy development; and 3) guide LGUs in identifying sources of references, tools, and assistancethat can help them improve the delivery of the service.

The resource book puts together the work of many solid waste management advocates and practitioners.Much of the information and lessons herein are derived from the experiences of two USAID-fundedprojects: Governance in Local Democracy (GOLD) and the Philippines Environmental GovernanceProject or EcoGov as well as information shared by the Solid Waste Management Association of thePhilippines (SWAPP).

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INTRODUCTION

The book consists of the following chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of the Solid Waste Management Sector. This serves to introduce key concepts,guiding principles, the hierarchy and functional elements of solid waste management. The chapter alsoprovides an outline of the steps or processes that should be undertaken to come up with an effectivewaste management program.

Chapter 2: LGU Mandates on Solid Waste Management. This section presents a list of policies thatrelate to waste management, particularly those that are relevant to LGUs, with a brief description of each.

Chapter 3: Policy and Implementation Issues and Recommendations. This chapter contains issuesand concerns, as well as recommendations in implementing LGU-run, private sector-managed, and NGO-initiated programs.

Chapter 4: Good Practices in Solid Waste Management. This presents various projects that have beensuccessfully implemented here and around the world. It covers LGU experiences and concerns, as wellas good practices pertaining to waste management for residences, commercial and recreational areas,and health care facilities, among others. The private sector in particular and civil society organizations(CSOs) to a certain extent have a hard time finding options and workable models for solid wastemanagement. LGUs can share information in this chapter to their constituents coming from the privatesector and CSOs.

INTRODUCTION

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Chapter 5 - References and Tools. This section provides a list of available financial windows that canbe tapped to provide funding for various solid waste management projects. It also lists referencematerials to better understand solid waste management and lists LGUs and groups that have successfullyimplemented solid waste management projects in their localities.

Much has been accomplished in sustaining the world through proper solid waste managementschemes. But much more remains to be done. LGUs need to do their part in their own localities to helpsustain the earth’s life support system.

There have been apprehensions about the readability of material on solid waste management offeredto LGUs in the past. This resource book tries to overcome this problem by selecting cases that are clear,interesting, and relevant to real life situations and experiences on solid waste management in the country.It is hoped that this resource book will help shape an efficient process of service delivery in thecommunity.


INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF THE SOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT SECTOR

CHAPTER1


CHAPTER 1❙ THE SOCIAL IMPERATIVE

Rapid population growth and industrialization have turned the country’swaste situation into a huge problem. With today’s lifestyle, it is estimatedthat one person can generate as much as half a kilo of municipal solidwaste a day. In Olongapo City, it has been established that the wastegeneration rate is 340 grams per day per person.1 The continuousstream into the market of new products that use the latest packagingtechnology further heightens the problem because new kinds ofgarbage are produced. Not only is there an increase in the amount ofwaste; there is also an increase in its variety.

Waste disposal is thus a major issue confronting LGUs. It has becomea high priority due to the health and environmental risks associated withwaste. Waste likely contains pathogens, which commonly causeinfections. Garbage piles, besides being foul and unsightly, are breedinggrounds of vermin and insects, which carry human diseases. Improperlydiscarded waste can contaminate sources of drinking water; they canbe carried by rivers to the sea and adversely affect fisheries, tourism, andthe health of coastal communities. Solid waste disposal is proving tobe a complex and controversial issue—with LGUs facing limitedoptions for addressing this concern. Landfills are being promoted asalternative means of disposal, but finding landfill sites has been difficultdue to economic constraints, public health concerns, and socialacceptability issues. There is a need, therefore, for other solid waste

OVERVIEW OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR

Municipal solid wasterefers to food, paper,rubbish, packaging andashes discarded byhouseholds and commercialestablishments, non-hazardous and non-toxicinstitutional or industrialwaste, street sweepings,construction debris, andagricultural waste. In somelocalities, most agriculturalwaste are a waste stream allto themselves and aregenerally not handled aspart of the municipal wastemanagement system.

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management and pollution control strategies that can reduce waste releasedto the environment. The government has recognized the severity of thegarbage problem and has given priority to establishing appropriate measuresto address it. The most comprehensive piece of legislation dealing with thisproblem is Republic Act (RA) 9003, known as the Ecological Solid WasteManagement Act of 2000. It assigns the primary task of implementationand enforcement to LGUs. It emphasizes the importance of minimizing wasteusing techniques such as recycling, resource recovery, reuse, and composting.Chapter 3 further describes the important features of RA 9003.

❙ GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management practitioners have come up with seven guidingprinciples in SWM planning2. Incorporating these principles into one’s wayof thinking is a good starting point when embarking on any solid wastemanagement initiative.

1. Waste is a resource. When waste is thrown away, it does not disappearbut ends up somewhere else or in some other form. When it is used or putin the right place, it retains its value as a resource.

2. Waste prevention is better than waste regulation. Stopping waste from being produced ismuch better than trying to manage it after a lot has already been generated.

3. There is no single management and technological approach to solid waste. An integratedSWM system will best achieve SWM goals.There are different types of waste—biodegradable,non-biodegradable, recyclable, non-recyclable, toxic, hazardous—and each requires specifichandling and disposal methods.

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Solid WasteManagement (SWM)includes all activitiespertaining to thecontrol, transfer andtransport, processing,and disposal of solidwastes in accordancewith the bestprinciples of publichealth, economics,engineering,conservation,aesthetic and otherenvironmentalconsiderations.

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4. All elements of society are fundamentally responsible for solid waste management.Although LGUs are primarily responsible for providing SWM services to their constituents,their success requires the support of the national government and the involvement of the privatesector and the general public.

5. Those who generate waste must bear the cost of its management and disposal. Householdshave enjoyed local government subsidy for garbage collection and disposal for far too long. Thissubsidy has not helped develop a sense of responsibility among citizens for their habits. Thosewho produce the waste should shoulder part of it, if not the full cost of waste management.

6. Solid waste management should be approached within the context of resourceconservation, environmental protection and health, and sustainable development. SWMhas evolved into a multidisciplinary effort requiring the expertise from the fields of engineering,economics, sociology, bioscience, and environmental management.

7. SWM programs should consider the physical and socio-economic conditions of theconcerned communities and should be designed according to communities’ specificneeds. Communities vary in character and, thus, have different solid waste problems. SWMprograms should correspond to the unique needs of these communities.

❙ THE HIERARCHY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Experts agree that there will be no simple, single solution to the municipal solid waste problemas long as there are physical and socio-economic differences among communities. There is,however, an accepted hierarchy of waste management strategies that local governments canconform with. This hierarchy represents an integrated approach to solid waste management thatis more efficient in terms of money, time, and disposal space.

OVERVIEW OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR 1


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Turning something old into something new. Food and yardwaste can be composted. Aluminum cans can be melted andpressed into new sheets that can be reused. Used papers canbe turned into pulp for making new paper. Glass bottles canbe crushed and melted to make new glass products.

Discarding solid residues—ashes and slag—that result from treatment.

Materials that cannot be recycled are processed to generate energyand other sources. Biodegradable wastes can be converted to soilconditioners or organic fertilizers through composting. Energy can berecovered through incinerator systems that produce steam, or throughpyrolisis to extract methane gas.

Reducing the amount of waste and the toxicity of the waste that is produced.Manufacturers may come up with products containing fewer harmful materialsand requiring less packaging. Consumers may choose to buy more durable andnon-disposable products.

SOURCE REDUCTION

RECYCLING

TREATMENT ORRECOVERY

DISPOSAL

WHY RECYCLE?

1. It saves natural resources. All things used by humans have materials that come from the earth. The earth doesnot have a never-ending supply of these precious materials.

2. It saves energy. Making new materials through recycling uses less energy than creating them from rawmaterials.

3. It creates less pollution. Making new materials through recycling produces less pollution than creating themfrom raw materials

4. It protects wildlife. The destruction of forests, rivers, and fields is reduced. These are the habitat of wildlife.5. It helps out communities. By producing less garbage, the cost of garbage disposal is reduced. The money saved

by an LGU can be used for other essential facilities and services to communities.

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❙ FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management planning requires that LGUs recognize the functional elements of a well-designed SWM system. Each element entails several basic requirements that have to be taken intoaccount.



Information has to be gathered about the sources of waste, the natureof waste produced by these sources, and their corresponding amounts.Current practices at the source also need to be determined. Theresulting baseline information is critical in the design and planning ofan integrated SWM system.

Solid waste must be stored first before they are collected. A good on-site storage facility must have the following features:a. Keeps waste properly contained to avoid health hazards (e.g., does

not tip over easily with contents spilled out)b. Makes collection easyc. Is aesthetically pleasing

This entails the regular and systematic gathering of waste from variousstorage sites and pick-up points, hauling them to transfer stations,processing and recovery facilities, or to final disposal sites. Collection isthe most expensive SWM element, usually accounting for 40 percent to80 percent of waste management costs.

Intermediate collection sites called “transfer stations” are usuallyrecommended if the final disposal site is located far from the wastecollection points. They are also often more economical. These transferstations involve smaller collection trucks that haul waste to transferstations where they are then loaded into larger vehicles. These largetrucks convey waste to either processing and recovery facilities, or tothe final disposal site.

ELEMENT THINGS TO CONSIDER

Transfer andTransport

Collection

On-Site Storage

Waste Generation

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❙ IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The implementation of an integrated SWM program should start with waste appraisal to determinethe waste generation and “waste profile”of the community and assess the solid waste managementpractices systems already in place. The LGU can convene a task force that will undertake thisstudy. Based on collected information, the task force should be able to identify and assess their wastemanagement options (that are allowable under RA 9003) and then outline more concrete and doableaction steps and plans with corresponding budgets. The generated data will also help LGUs in thedesign of the recovery and disposal facilities. It is useful for LGUs to look at good practices of otherLGUs because by doing so, they familiarize themselves with working modes and approaches thatcan be applied to the community.

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This element refers to procedures that are designed to recover usablematerials such as raw materials for compost, or procedures thattransform waste to heat or electricity. Examples of the latter aremagnetic separation, density separation, and size reduction.

The nature and amount of waste should be considered when decidingon an appropriate disposal method to avoid secondary environmentalproblems such as groundwater contamination and air pollution. InCanada and the United States, sanitary landfills are the most commonand most widely accepted of the final disposal methods. However, inthe Philippines, sanitary landfills—currently defined as engineeredlandfill sites—are a relatively new phenomenon. Before the use ofsanitary landfills, uncontrolled or controlled dumps used to be moreprevalent. In addition, energy-from-waste is the most common disposaloption in Japan, France, Sweden, Denmark and other European nations.

Disposal

Processing andRecovery

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The LGU should encourage the broadest participation from the local citizenry. During planning,the local government and its citizens can work together to formulate a common vision regardingtheir solid waste situation and design strategic action plans to address the issue. Local participationduring the planning and design stage cultivates a sense of ownership, which, in turn, strengthensthe commitment to the program and increases the chances of its success.

It is crucial that an LGU designates an SWM officer at the planning stage and formally lodges SWMresponsibility with an office of the municipal or city government. The officer should oversee thedevelopment of the SWM program and ensure that action steps are set into motion in planimplementation.



WASTE APPRAISALLocal government and volunteers conduct surveys and determine the wasteprofile and existing solid waste management operations of a community.

VMGO SETTINGWith the help of a workshop facilitator, local leadersand citizens agree on a vision, the strategies and firststeps to address the problem.

MULTISECTORAL PLANNING AND ORGANIZATIONA multisectoral task force consisting of leaders and volunteers further reviewstechnical options and draws up plans and budgets for “doable” actions.

IMPLEMENTING THE DOABLESThe local government and citizens implementdesignated roles to use SWM techniques.

Process Flow for Developing a City/Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Program3

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LGUs are usually constrained by limited funds and personnel, and should thus start with small,manageable activities. These small worthwhile activities allow waste management methods to betested for practicality and suitability. Successful experiences at this pilot level may then be triedby other barangays or replicated at the municipal level.

While initial activities are underway, it is equally important to begin a plan to sustain the wastemanagement program. SWM practitioners have outlined five components, called the 5 Es forachieving this objective:

◗ THE 5 Es

ENGINEERING component refers to the hardware requirements of any SWM system—collectiontrucks, garbage receptacles, transfer stations, disposal sites, and necessary equipment. It alsorefers to the establishment of operating systems and procedures—collection routes, wastesegregation requirements, and disposal facility operations.

EDUCATION is the information-dissemination component of any SWM system where all sectorsof society are informed of their roles and responsibilities in waste management. Public awarenessabout SWM can be triggered by the tri-Media (TV, radio, and print media). Seminars, workshops,and speakers’bureau are some other examples of how solid waste management can be promotedto the public.

The ENFORCEMENT component ensures that the integrated SWM program can only be sustainedif a legal framework supports it. Ideally, ordinances should spell out the policies and proceduresfor each SWM functional element, provide the mechanisms and administrative structures toimplement the program, and specify sanctions for violators.



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The creation of an ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION, a structure that “houses”the SWM program.is important. The program must be assigned to an appropriate office or department within the localgovernment’s institutional machinery. The ideal scenario is for the LGU to create a SWM divisionunder the Environment and Natural Resources Office. The law requires the creation of an SWM Boardthat has multisectoral representation. LGUs may invite into the Board other national governmentand private organizations.

The EQUITY component pertains to the financial, technical, and manpower resources—requiredby the other components. This includes local funds or outside financing, as well as local expertiseand citizen cooperation and involvement.

A sixth E may be added to stand for EXECUTIVE WILL, which seems to be the most important amongall these components. Executive will stands for the local executive’s ability to lead his colleagues,as well as his ability to coordinate all involved agencies, in the execution and implementation ofa successful solid waste management program. Executive will also ensures allocation of adequateresources to the program.

Sources: Philippine Environmental Governance Program (EcoGov). LGU Solutions and Benefits from Good Integrated Solid WasteManagement practices (Briefing material for the EcoGov Interactive Assemblies with LGUs). n.p. 2002.

Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project. Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.GOLD Occasional Papers (OP No. 98-06). n.p.1998 .



CHAPTER2LGU MANDATES ON SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT


CHAPTER 2◗ THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Article 11 of the Constitution provides that the State shall protect and advance the right of the peopleto a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

◗ REPUBLIC ACT 9003 (2000) AND DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 2001-34

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and its Implementing Rules and RegulationsThis Act empowers local government units to actively pursue their respective solid wastemanagement systems by providing them the needed policy and technical support. The salientfeatures of RA 9003 that apply to LGUs include:

Preparation of 10-year solid waste management plans by all LGUs (province, city, andmunicipality). Such plans should: (a) place primary emphasis on the implementation offeasible and environmentally sound techniques of minimizing waste (such as re-use, recycling,and composting programs); and (b) identify the amount of landfill and transformation capacityneeded for solid waste that cannot be re-used, recycled, or composted. The content of solid wastemanagement plans is outlined in Section 17, Article 1, Chapter III. The law mandates that 25percent of all solid waste must be diverted from disposal facilities, within a period of five yearsfrom the time RA 9003 takes effect.

Creation of a Solid Waste Management Board in every city and municipality to prepareand implement a plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste. A provincialSolid Waste Management Board will likewise be formed by each province to develop acomprehensive provincial SWM plan, taking off from the municipal/city SWM plans.

LGU MANDATES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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Mandatory segregation of waste. LGUs are to evaluate alternative roles for the public and privatesectors in providing collection services, types of collection services, or a combination of systemsthat best meet their needs. The collection and transport of solid waste must conform to theminimum standards and requirements for collection of solid waste (e.g., use of protectiveequipment by collectors, non-spillage of waste within collection vicinity, separate collectionschedules for specific types of waste, separate trucks/haulers or compartmentalized collectionvehicles).Implementation of recycling programs, with support from the Departments of Tradeand Industry (DTI), Agriculture (DA), and Interior and Local Governments (DILG). The DTIis to prepare an inventory of existing markets for processing and purchasing of recyclablematerials and implement a coding system for packaging materials and products to facilitate wasterecycling and re-use. The DA is to publish an inventory of existing markets and demand forcompost.Setting up of a materials recovery facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays.MRFs will receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling beforenon-recyclable wastes are transferred to a storage or disposal facility.Prohibition of open dumpsites as final disposal facility. Existing open dumpsites are to beconverted into controlled dumpsites within three years from the effectivity date of the law.Sanitary landfills shall be developed and operated as final disposal sites for a municipality orcluster of municipalities. The law provides guidelines for controlled dumps and criteria for thelocation and establishment of sanitary landfills. The law encourages LGUs to consider thesetting up of common solid waste management facilities. Promoting the establishment of multipurpose environmental cooperatives and associationsthat will undertake SWM activities or projects. Provision of monetary and other rewards and incentives to entities that have undertakenoutstanding and innovative SWM programs (e.g., tax credit and duty exemption to individualsand private organizations; and grants to LGUs). Encouragement of LGUs to impose fees sufficient to pay the cost of preparing andimplementing their solid waste management plans. LGUs are also to adopt specific revenue-generating measures to ensure the viability of their plans.



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LGU MANDATES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 2


Creation of a local SWM fund from donations, collection of fines and fees, and allocationfrom the development fund. This fund is to be used for activities to enhance the SWMprogram: research, information, education and communications, and capability building.Definition of prohibited acts, penalties, suits and other legal actions concerning RA9003.

◗ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160

Local Government Code of the Philippines (1991)This Act enjoins LGUs to enforce sanitation laws, prepare a solid waste management program, andother environmental functions. Section 17 mandates barangays and municipalities to provide servicesfor solid waste collection and management. Section 3, Article 1 encourages the participation of theprivate sector in local governance.

◗ DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 98-50

Adopting the Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria for Municipal Solid WasteDisposal FacilitiesThis order defines the site selection criteria for sanitary landfill facilities, including screeningmethodology.


Technical Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste ManagementThis Order provides the guidelines for the development of new municipal solid waste disposal sites,and a phased schedule for the conversion and upgrading of existing dumpsites into more sanitaryand environmentally acceptable sites. The AO includes technical norms, environmental qualityrequirements and operational standards, and timeframe for implementation.

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Amending Annex A of DAO 94-28This Act includes used oil (spent oil such as waste oil or oil residues) as a separate category. It furtherprovides that no importation of tanker sludge will be allowed.


Interim Guidelines for the Importation of Recyclable Materials Containing HazardousSubstancesThis AO requires all importers of recyclable materials containing hazardous substances to registerwith the DENR. This also sets the registration and importation requirements, as well as the right ofthe DENR to require the testing and sampling of the imported recyclable materials.

◗ REPUBLIC ACT 6969

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990This Act regulates, restricts, or prohibits the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution,use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/orinjury to health or the environment. It also prohibits the entry, even in transit, of hazardous andnuclear wastes and their disposal within Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose.


Implementing Rules and Regulations for RA 6969This AO provides for an inventory of chemical substances and the classification of hazardouswaste; sets the limitations regarding their use, transport, storage and disposal; sets exemptions fromthe nuclear waste requirements; prescribes the fees for registration, permitting and transport; andestablishes penalties for the violation of prohibited acts. An Inter-Agency Technical AdvisoryCouncil is created to oversee the implementation of these IRR provisions.



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◗ RA 6957 AS AMENDED BY RA 7718 (BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER LAW)

This law states that infrastructure and development projects normally financed and operated bythe public sector (such as that for solid waste management) may be wholly or partially implementedby the private sector.

◗ MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 88

Amending Memorandum Circular No. 39-A, dated January 19, 1988, by Reconstituting thePresidential Task Force on Waste ManagementThis identifies the members of the Task Force on Waste Management and defines their functionsand responsibilities.

◗ MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 39-A OF JANUARY 19, 1988 FROM THE OFFICEOF THE PRESIDENT

This enjoins local governments to establish integrated solid waste management systems thatinclude: management of waste generation; handling and on-site storage; collection, transfer andtransport; processing and recovery; and disposal.

◗ MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 30

Creating the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management (November 2, 1987)This creates the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management for identifying an effective collectionand disposal system or technology that can be effectively sustained on a long-term basis. The TaskForce is tasked to identify the most appropriate government agency that would assume the leadrole in waste collection and disposal management with the corresponding accountability. It is alsotasked to identify the supporting and cooperating agencies, both public and private; and todefine their responsibilities.



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◗ SECTION 2388, REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODEThis sets the general powers of city and municipal councils to enact ordinances and make suchregulations on health and safety for the comfort and convenience of the community and theprotection of property.

◗ EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 32This Order establishes national and local beautification committees to undertake beautification andcleanliness campaigns.

◗ PROCLAMATION 2146 December 14, 1981This proclamation defines the scope and coverage of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)system. It mainly provides that infrastructure and solid waste disposal projects are consideredenvironmentally critical projects and thus subject to the EIS system.

◗ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1586 1978This Decree establishes an EIS system, identifying the lead agencies, secretariat, management andsources of financial assistance, rules and regulations, and penalties pursuant to PD 1151 (PhilippineEnvironmental Policy).

◗ EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 432

Ordering the Strict Enforcement of Presidential Decree No. 825 Providing Penalties forImproper Disposal of Garbage and Other Forms of Uncleanliness (October 23, 1990)The Order calls for the strict implementation of PD 825 and designates the Barangay Tanod as sanitaryofficers.

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◗ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1160

Vesting Authority in Barangay Captains to Enforce Pollution and Environmental ControlLaws and for other Purposes (1977)The Decree gives authority to barangay chairmen and the barangay council to enforce pollutionand environmental control laws.

◗ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1152

Philippine Environmental Code (1977)This Decree establishes specific environment management policies and prescribes environmentquality standards for air and water, land use management, natural resources management andconservation, and enforcement and guidelines for waste management. Sec. 23 particularly statesthat the “preparation and implementation of waste management programs shall be required of allprovinces, cities and municipalities. The Department of Local Governments and CommunityDevelopment shall promulgate guidelines for the formulation and establishment of wastemanagement programs.”

◗ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1151

Philippine Environmental Policy (1977)This PD declares that it is government’s continuing policy to ensure an environment that isconducive to a life of dignity and well being, and that it is part of government policy to ensure thepeople’s right to such an environment. The policy requires all agencies and instrumentalities of thenational government, including government-owned and controlled corporations, privatecorporations, firms, and entities to accomplish and submit Environmental Impact Statements forevery action, project or undertaking that significantly affects the quality of the environment.

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◗ LETTER OF INSTRUCTION NO. 588This enjoins the commissioner of the National Pollution Control Commission, heads of Authorities,city and municipal mayors, heads of government-owned or controlled corporations to appoint theirrespective pollution control officers to enforce the rules and regulations implementing PD 984.


Providing for the Revision of Republic Act No. 3931, commonly known as the PollutionControl Law (1976)This Decree provides for the strengthening and reorganization of the National Pollution ControlCommission. Chapter IV, Art. 2, Sec. 82a prescribes that “solid waste shall be stored, collected,processed, transported and disposed of in such a manner as to control dust emission, windblownmaterial, odors and prevent harborage for vermin and insects. The solid waste shall be sorted insuch a way that it is not a health and safety hazard, unsightly and cannot be considered a publicnuisance.”


Code on Sanitation in the Philippines (1975)This Decree includes, among others, public health laws and regulations. Sec. 82 of this Decree statesthat “cities and municipalities shall provide an adequate and efficient system of collecting,transporting and disposing of refuse in their areas of jurisdiction in a manner approved by the localhealth authority.” Sec. 83 further provides additional requirements for refuse storage and disposal.

◗ THE IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR CHAPTER XVII OFPRESIDENTIAL DECREE 856

Code on Sanitation, Chapter on Refuse DisposalThese rules provide specific guidelines for integrated solid waste management. It defines thescope of segregation, recycling, and collection activities to support segregation.



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Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and Other Forms of Uncleanliness andfor Other Purposes (1975)This Decree provides rules and penalties covering sanitation of residences, commercial andindustrial establishments, institutions and their immediate premises.

◗ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 552The Decree prescribes sanitation requirements for the operation of establishments and facilitiescatering to the traveling public.

◗ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3931

Pollution Control Law (1976)This Act penalizes the throwing, running, draining, or disposition into Philippine waters and/oratmospheric air any matter or substance in gaseous or liquid form that shall cause the pollutionof such waters or atmospheric air.


Water CodeThis PD revives and consolidates laws governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization,exploitation, development conservation and protection of water resources.

◗ COMMONWEALTH ACT 383

Water PollutionThis Act provides punishment for the dumping of refuse or substances of any kind that maycause the rising or filling of river beds or the blockage of streams.



CHAPTER3POLICY & IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

AND CONCERNS


CHAPTER 3POLICY & IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND CONCERNS

❙ LGU AWARENESS OF EXISTING POLICIES

◗ LOW LEVEL OF AWARENESS OR KNOWLEDGE OF LGUS OF RA 9003 AND DAO2001-34 (IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS)

To effectively implement and enforce RA 9003, LGU officials need to know or be familiar with thelaw’s provisions and IRR. Unfortunately, this is presently not the case. Many LGU officials and evenLGU staff, who are directly responsible for solid waste management, remain unfamiliar with theirresponsibilities because of insufficient or inadequate information dissemination.

Specific provisions of RA 9003 that are not commonly known by LGUs comprise the following:

Establishment of Solid Waste Management Boards. RA 9003 requires LGUs to perform this initialact. The boards need to be constituted within six months from the effectivity date of the IRR. Althoughthe IRR took effect in January 2002, LGUs had only until July 2002 to create the boards. While thereare a number of LGUs that have actually established their respective boards, they comprise onlya small percentage and are often first- and second-class LGUs.

Creation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee. RA 9003 provides thatsegregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay level, specifically forbiodegradable and reusable waste. The said law also provides for the establishment of a materialsrecovery facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays. For these reasons, a Barangay SolidWaste Management Committee is to be created.

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❙ POLICY ISSUES

◗ THERE ARE PROVISIONS IN THE LAW THAT DO NOT APPLY TO MANY LGUs

An example would be the establishment of the Solid Waste Management Boards, with theprescribed membership. RA 9003 provides that the Solid Waste Management Boards at theprovincial, city, and municipal levels shall include the following, among others, as members:

A representative from NGOs whose principal purpose is to promote recycling and the protectionof air and water qualityA representative from the recycling industryA representative from the manufacturing or packaging industry

The reality is that no such NGOs, recycling, manufacturing, or packaging industries exist within thejurisdiction of some LGUs. Given this situation, questions arise regarding the composition of theboard. In particular, can these boards be established even without these representatives? RA9003 and its IRR are silent on this matter.

◗ THERE ARE PROVISIONS IN THE LAW THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO COMPLY WITHWITHIN THE GIVEN TIMEFRAME

The law provides an insufficient period for the closure of controlled dumps. RA 9003 provides thatwithin three (3) years after the law takes effect, every LGU shall convert its open dumps intocontrolled dumps, and that no controlled dumps shall be allowed five years after the said effectivity(Section 37). Note that RA 9003 took effect in year 2001. Therefore, in accordance with the saidprovision, all open dumps should have been converted to controlled dumps by the year 2004.Furthermore, by the year 2006, even controlled dumps shall be prohibited and these will bereplaced by sanitary landfills. Due to the technical and financial requirements of these measures,many LGUs believe they will be unable to comply with the law.



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◗ THERE ARE GAPS IN THE LAW THAT COULD POSE SERIOUS PROBLEMS TOLGUs AND COMMUNITIES.

RA 9003 requires a post-closure procedure for closed dumpsites and sanitary landfills, but thereis no prohibition on their potential use. Some LGUs are already planning to develop their closeddumpsites into parks and aviaries. However, the biodegradable waste in these dumpsites willgenerate methane gas for 30 to 50 years after closure. Methane gas, in small quantities (i.e., 5% ofair) is explosive and could be dangerous. There will also be significant differential settlement of thelandfill cap. Consequently, in countries such as Canada and the United States, a closed landfill sitecannot be used for 30 years after closure.

❙ LGU SWM PLANS AND ORDINANCES

◗ MANY LGUs POSSESS LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF SOLIDWASTE MANAGEMENT.

Current solid waste management services being delivered by most LGUs are mainly the “collect anddispose”type of system. That is, waste is collected from waste generators such as households andbusinesses and disposed at disposal sites, which, more often than not, are open dumps. LGUs arelargely unaware of the concept of integrated SWM— its scope and the range of options they canconsider.

◗ MANY OF THE LGUs’ SWM-RELATED ORDINANCES ARE PIECEMEAL ANDGENERALLY NOT ENFORCED.

Most, if not all, LGUs have existing ordinances that deal with solid waste. Examples of these are anti-littering and anti-dumping ordinances. In most cases, these ordinances deal with a single concern.They do not address the solid waste management concerns of LGUs in an integrated manner mainly

POLICY & IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND CONCERNS 3


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because these ordinances are formulated without an overall framework for the management ofsolid waste. Worse, these ordinances are seldom strictly enforced, primarily due to the lack ofenforcers and funds.

◗ MANY OF THE EXISTING LGU ORDINANCES ARE STILL INCONSISTENT WITH RA9003

LGUs are required under the IRR (Rule XIX, Section 4) to legislate appropriate ordinances to aid themin the implementation of their plans. A basic requirement for these ordinances, therefore, is thatthey should be consistent and in accordance with the provisions of RA 9003. Since RA 9003 cameinto effect only in 2000 and the IRR was issued only in January 2002, many LGUs have yet toreview their existing ordinances and legislations.

❙ FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS

◗ INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS TO IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE RA 9003

Most LGUs allocate minimal budgets for solid waste management services, except perhaps for thehighly urbanized LGUs. Thus, LGUs are unable to hire the necessary personnel, acquire andmaintain equipment, maintain disposal sites, or even contract out solid waste managementservices to private contractors. Consequently, LGUs are unable to provide the necessary andappropriate solid waste management services.

RA 9003 requires LGUs to undertake the following:

(a) Establish a Solid Waste Management Board(b) Formulate and/or develop a solid waste management plan(c) Implement the plan



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(d) Establish a materials recovery facility in every barangay or cluster of barangays(e) Convert open dumps to controlled dumps and subsequently close controlled dumps(f ) Establish acceptable waste disposal facilities such as sanitary landfills

All these measures require funds. While some of these procedures may require small amounts, othersentail disbursements of big amounts by LGUs as required, for instance, by MRFs or sanitary landfills.Most LGUs lack the skills and expertise in generating or sourcing funds to undertake the aboveactions.

◗ LGUs VIEW SWM AS A COST CENTER

Many LGUs think that solid waste management services are a cost center that will take awayresources that could be used in other endeavors or projects. This perspective dampens theirenthusiasm in delivering SWM services. Only a few LGUs have realized that SWM can, in fact, be aneconomic venture or enterprise as some have begun to earn revenue from delivering theseservices. (Section 47 of RA 9003 and Rule 17 of its IRR authorize LGUs to collect solid wastemanagement fees.)

To address the financial aspect of implementing SWM activities, LGUs can tap private enterprisesto help set up and fund specific activities, as illustrated by the municipality of Midsayap, Cotabatoand the cities of Silang in Cavite and Makati.

LGUs can also see to it that there is strict compliance with the law—they can slap erringestablishments and residents with penalties, as did the province of Bulacan and the city of PuertoPrincesa in Palawan. The money collected from penalties can then be used to fund other SWMprojects.



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❙ TECHNICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES

◗ LGUs’ INADEQUATE TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES

A number of the requirements of RA 9003 require a certain degree of technical expertise orknowledge, such as the preparation and development of solid waste management plans, and thesetting up of materials recovery facilities and sanitary landfills. Sadly, most LGUs are not technicallyequipped to undertake such activities and lack the information on sources of technical assistance.

One noteworthy example for LGUs is the experience of Sta. Maria, Bulacan. The town forged apartnership with NGOs and private enterprises to set up a waste management scheme. To addresstechnical capability problems of the town, the group tapped the expertise of the Department ofScience and Technology.

◗ SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES ARE ASSIGNED TO MULTIPLE LGUUNITS, OFTEN ON AN AD HOC BASIS

Most LGUs lack a single office in charge of solid waste management services. Often severaldepartments such as Engineering, General Services, and Municipal Planning and Development areinvolved. This affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery of solid waste managementservices for several reasons:

(a) The principal or main function of each office is not the delivery of solid waste managementservices. Each office has its own principal function and priorities, and the delivery of solid wastemanagement services is regarded as a secondary or added activity.

(b) The delivery of the services depends on not just one, but also several offices. Thus, if oneoffice fails to perform or has different priorities, the entire operation is affected.

(c) The coordination of activities among the different offices becomes a problem. (d) When questions of responsibility and accountability arise, finger pointing commonly occurs.



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❙ COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

◗ SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IS MISTAKENLY PERCEIVED AS A FREE SERVICEUNDER THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LGU.

Communities and businesses maintain this perception, which is reinforced by the belief thatelecting officials and paying taxes makes the problem of solid waste the sole concern of LGUs.Unfortunately, this attitude affects the effectiveness and efficiency of SWM.

However, communities need to realize that: (a) solid waste is a concern of all; (b) they haveimportant and necessary functions and responsibilities in solid waste management; and (c) theyhave to pay for the service. Social preparation should thus be an important element of an SWM plan.

LGUs might find the information, education and communications activities of Bustos, Bulacan; Manila;Passi City, Iloilo; Guimaras Province; Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental; and Sibulan, Negros Orientalhelpful in addressing the issue of community involvement in solid waste management. Theseactivities are briefly discussed in the next section, “Good Practices in Solid Waste Management.”



CHAPTER4GOOD PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT


CHAPTER 4This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part presents examples of good practices in

solid waste management in the Philippines. The second part provides examples of goodpractices done in other countries, particularly in Asia and the United States. These good

practices can inspire and motivate LGUs, as well as business establishments, in preparing their ownsolid waste management programs.

In both parts, examples of good practices are given for the various aspects of solid wastemanagement, such as social preparedness and public awareness, networking activities forfundraising, and technological solutions to the problem (e.g., recycling plants and composting).The sources of these good practices as well as contact information people responsible for theseprograms are also supplied in this chapter.

GOOD PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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THE BUSTOS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The Bustos Solid Waste Management Program, launched in 1993, has twomajor components: social preparation and actual implementation. Anextensive information and education campaign on proper waste disposal andmanagement prepared the community for the different waste managementactivities. These activities included the following: (1) construction of compostpits; (2) construction of storage bins for recyclable wastes; (3) maintaining

cleanliness in yards and streets; (4) planting vegetables, trees, and flowers in gardens; and(5) motivating other residents to join the movement.

The municipality received the 1997-1998 Galing Pook Award for its “Community Mobilizationfor Zero Waste Management Program,” as one of the Top 10 Outstanding Programs.

Source: “The Bustos Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.



Social Preparation and Networking

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorBustos, BulacanTel. No. (044) 766-2176

❙ GOOD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICESIN THE PHILIPPINES

◗ LGU-MANAGED PROGRAMS

THE DALAW KALINISAN PROGRAM

The Dalaw Kalinisan Program is an outreach type of information andeducation campaign on solid waste management. It seeks to bringinformation to different generators through visits, fora, seminars, andtraining. “Dalaw” targets are schools, subdivisions, barangays, people’sorganizations, institutions, and big business establishments.

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management, 2002.


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GOOD PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 4


Contact InformationOffice of the MayorPassi City, IloiloTel. No. (033) 311-5087

Acting CENRO City Agriculture Office Passi City, IloiloTel. No. (033) 311-5686

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MANILA ECOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

The Ecological Waste Management Project of Manila was modeled after theSanta Maria, Bulacan experience. It was designed and implemented by apartnership of organized hawkers and vendors in cooperation with thegovernment and the private sector. The project’s major feature is its strongemphasis on training and community participation. Unilever Philippinesinitiated the project when it became concerned about the clogging up of thePaca Canal that runs through its facility. A study on the origin of the wasteconducted by a university-based NGO showed that 40 percent of the wasteclogging the canal came from the local market, another 40 percent from locallow income and squatter communities, and the rest from uncontrolleddumping upstream.

The problem was compounded by an unreliable waste collection system andthe lack of sanitary infrastructure in the city. Community meetings wereheld, which included the Hawkers Associations, the Vendors cooperative, the

LGU, Unilever, and the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Tobe effective, meetings were organized in all areas of work and residence, and manyconcerned individuals attended. As a result, initial drafts on improved local environmentalmanagement were formulated. Subsequently, a waste collectors’ cooperative wasestablished; local waste collection and segregation was organized. Today, non-biodegradablematerials are sold for recycling. Organic materials are being composted and sold as soilconditioner. Members of the cooperative, which number over 1,000, will own thecomposting plant currently being set up.

Source: http:/www.unilever.com.ph/env-external.asp




Contact InformationOffice of the MayorManila City Tel. (02) 527-4920Telefax (02) 527-4991

City Planning andDevelopment OfficeManila CityTel. No. (02) 527-4931/0980

OIC Department ServicesManila CityTel. No. (02) 527-9636/9638

GUIMARAS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

In 1997, the provincial government of Guimaras developed a project thatwould integrate all solid waste management initiatives on the island byinvolving the communities and business sector. The project is an innovationin three ways. First, it integrated the planning and implementation aspectsof solid waste management for the island. While an integrated approach toplanning already existed, integrated implementation was an innovation. Second, theproject showed an unprecedented partnership between government and business. Andthird, this was the first time that an initiative proactively addressed a concern before itbecame unmanageable.Project participants have gained an appreciation for the value ofteamwork.

Participants have said that with teamwork, they could now effectively deal with pertinentconcerns, which they could not address if working independently. Besides gainingknowledge on waste management, participants have also learned the power of participationand partnership on matters that affect their lives. Finally, community groups and provincialbusinesses have used their newly acquired knowledge by starting small-scale communityrecycling and composting projects that yield income.

Source: “Creating a Clean Environment: Engaging Communities in Waste Management Project (downloaded fromthe Internet).”


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Contact InformationOffice of the GovernorGuimaras Province

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METRO DUMAGUETE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The cluster of Dumaguete City, Bacong, Sibulan, and Valencia decided to worktowards an inter-LGU solid waste management program. The cluster aimedto: (1) develop, through citizen collaboration, an effective and workablewaste management program; (2) identify and implement strategic “doable”actions that LGUs and citizens can immediately undertake while long-rangeinvestments were being arranged; and (3) promote an inter-LGU sharing ofresources and capabilities under the sponsorship of the Metro DumagueteDevelopment Council.

A coordinating office for solid waste management was created and an ActionOfficer was appointed to oversee the implementation of the program.

Source: “The Metro Dumaguete Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance andLocal Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.




Contact InformationMetro DumagueteSolid WasteManagement ProgramSecretariat City Planning andDevelopment Office Dumaguete CityTel. No. (035) 225-0386

SIBULAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

In 1996, Sibulan joined the other towns that make up Metro Dumaguete(Bacong, Valencia, and Dumaguete City) in a series of “sharing workshops”that eventually gave birth to the Metro Dumaguete Solid Waste ManagementProgram. Following the suggestions generated from the workshops, Sibulanformed its Municipal Action Team (MAT) and Integrated Solid WasteManagement Program.

The program is integrated in the sense that it is geared toward enhancingand complementing other municipal projects like sanitation and health. Theinformation, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns of theeducation team made people aware of their role in an integrated approachto solving the garbage problem. The program enabled barangay leaders to take up thecrusade against trash. The MAT set the stage for key program actors by preparing trainingmodules for market vendors, teachers, and households.

Source: “The Metro Dumaguete Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance andLocal Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.


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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorSibulan, Negros OrientalTel. No. (035) 225-0386

Metro DumagueteSolid Waste Mgt.SecretariatMunicipal Planning andDevelopment OfficeDumaguete CityTel. No. (035) 225-0386

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THE OPLAN DALUS TASK FORCE

The Oplan Dalus Task Force, through the Laoag City Agriculturist Office,required all farming barangays to set up their respective composting facilities.Composting is hastened by the application of trichoderma, a compost fungusactivator produced at the Trichoderma Laboratory, City Agriculturist Office.

The benefits of composting include the production of organic fertilizer for theuse of farmers, protection of soil from excessive application of chemicalfertilizers, and reduction of waste.

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management. 2002.

Composting, Recycling, Operations of Materials Recovery Facility

Contact InformationProject Manager Oplan Dalus Task ForceLaoag, Ilocos NorteTel. No. (077) 773-1767

City Agriculturist OfficeLaoag , Ilocos NorteTel. No. (077) 772-0954

Action OfficerOplan Dalus Task ForceLaoag, Ilocos NorteTel. No. (077) 773-1992



MARILAO ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM

The municipality of Marilao produces organic fertilizer by adapting andimproving the basic technology used in the Ecological Resource RecoverySystem of Sta. Maria, Bulacan. Trucks collect biodegradable waste onseparate days from the non-biodegradable materials. DOST provides thetechnology for producing a composting activator called trichoderma, whicheliminates foul odors and hastens the decay of biodegradable wastes. Themayor has also identified a point person responsible for managing the composting facility.

Sources: “The Marilao Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999 “Helping Citizens Earn from Solid Waste.” Local Governance Technical Notes4-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.


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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorMarilao, BulacanTel. No. (044) 711-3142

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STA. MARIA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM

The LGU forged partnerships to work out a viable waste management schemefor the town with a nongovernment organization, the Sta. Maria EconomicFoundation, and a private enterprise, the Associated Waste Administration andRecycling Enterprise (AWARE). Later, the partners invited the Department ofScience and Technology to provide technical support for the project. The LGUswaste processing and recycling plant processes biodegradable materialsfrom public market waste into organic fertilizer. The sale of organic fertilizersand recyclable materials provides funds for the plant’s operations.

The municipality received the 1995-1996 Galing Pook Award for their “Ecological WasteManagement Program,” as one of the Top 10 Outstanding Programs.

Source: “Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.” GOLD Occasional Papers No.98-06. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998.




Contact InformationOffice of the MayorSta. Maria, BulacanTel Nos. (044) 641-0000Fax: (+6344) 641-0000Email:[email protected]

SAN FERNANDO CITY COMPOSTING CENTER

The local government of the city of San Fernando, Pampanga establisheda composting center for processing waste from the slaughterhouse and twopublic markets in the city. Manure from the slaughterhouse is used toenhance the decomposition of biodegradable wastes. Trichoderma spp. isalso used as fungus activator for rapid composting.

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management. 2002.


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Contact InformationCity Agriculturist Action Officer City Solid WasteManagement BoardSan Fernando City,PampangaTel. No. (072) 961-4054

Officer-in-Charge Composting CenterDel Pilar San FernandoCity, PampangaTel. No. (072) 961-5577

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BALIK INANG KALIKASAN, BALIK AMANG PABRIKA (BIKBAP) PROGRAM

After the closure of the Carmona landfill, the LGU took bold steps to addressits worsening garbage problem and came up with the Balik Inang Kalikasan,Balik Amang Pabrika (BIKBAP) Program. At present, the SWM system isimplemented in 10 out of 14 barangays in Carmona.

Activities of the BIKBAP

Massive educational campaign through barangay seminars, house-to-house campaigns, eco-tours, slogan-making contests, etc.

Organization of a BIKBAP Volunteers’ Group from different NGOs, religious groups,and other institutions. These volunteers actively participate in all EWM activities.Enforcement of the Comprehensive Ecological Solid Waste Management ordinance. TheSangguniang Bayan has enacted a municipal ordinance imposing penalties on thoseviolating solid waste management ordinances. Half of the fine is an incentive, which goesto the person who apprehended the violator, while the other half goes to the localtreasury.Operation of the Carmona Ecology Center, a waste processing facility using a low-cost,low-technology and modular system to produce high-quality compost frombiodegradable waste.Enforcement of sorting biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes at source,regular collection of sorted waste, recovery and selling of recyclable waste to junkshopsand recycling factories.Creation of livelihood projects based on recycling such as paper crafts and otherindigenous materials.




Contact InformationMunicipal Environmentand Natural ResourcesOfficerRm. 208, J.M. Loyola St.,Carmona, CaviteTel. No. (046) 430-3004Fax No. (046) 430-1001

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The Carmona Ecology Center (CEC)

The Carmona Ecology Center (CEC) houses a composting area that processes biodegradable wastecollected from all the 14 barangays of the municipality. It is equipped with four units of two-tonnercomposters and a shredder. Manned by four “ecoboys,” the CEC receives about 3,000 kilograms ofmaterials for composting daily. The composting process takes approximately two to three weeks. TheCEC uses Happy Soil to hasten composting. Coconut shreddings are added to control the moisture andminimize lycheate. The harvested organic compost is given to local farmers and sold to the public.Asan offshoot of the CEC, an organic demo farm has been set up by the LGU and managed by the localAgriculturist’s Office. This farm uses the compost produced in the CEC and the produce is sold in theCarmona public market.The CEC has become a major learning site in Cavite. Various LGUs from differentparts of the country, nongovernment organizations, private institutions, and individuals have visited thecenter for a series of eco and lakbay-aral field trips. The LGU of Carmona, showcasing the operation ofthe center, has also hosted international and local trainings.

Sources: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management. 2002.Guinto, Ma. Bella A.. Paper presented during the August 6, 2002 RTD.



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DASMARIÑAS ECOLOGY CENTER

The Dasmariñas Ecology Center is a public-NGO-community partnershipstarted in February 2001. The Citizen’s Brigade of Dasmariñas (CBD)spearheaded project, by making use of LGU resources. The Ecology Centerhouses a composting facility with two units of two-tonner rotating drums, ashredder, vegetable presser, and redemption center for recyclables.

CBD’s counterpart covers the use of the site and the infrastructure costs, as well as foodallowance for the center’s three full-time workers. The LGU counterpart includes theequipment, salaries, operating and maintenance costs of the center. The pedicabs used forwaste collection were donated by the LGU, the Homeowners’Association of the subdivisions,and the barangay.

Source: CBD Brochure, April 2002




Contact InformationCitizen’s Brigade ofDasmariñasDasmariñas, CaviteTel. No. (046) 416-4457

SILANG WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Started in 1997, the Silang Waste Management Program is a public-privatecollaboration between an NGO, the Institute for the Development ofEducational and Ecological Alternatives, Inc. (IDEAS, Inc.), a people’sorganization, the Silang Zero Waste Action Team (SZWAT) and the localgovernment of Silang.

The program provides for the segregated collection of solid waste in thepoblacion’s barangays and the public market. The local governmentmanages the residual facility, the PO helps in information disseminationamong community members, while the NGO manages a materials recoveryfacility where biodegradables are composted and recyclables are stored.Composting is done in a fermenting tank with a capacity to hold 100 cubicmeters of biodegradables.

Source: Silang Waste Management Program brochure, April 2002


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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorSilang, CaviteTel. No. (046) 414-0202/414-0201

Executive DirectorIDEAS, Inc.3/F CI Main Building192 J. Rizal St., Silang, CaviteTelefax: (046) 414-0297E-mail:[email protected]

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LIPA CITY SIPAGLAKAS PROGRAM

The Sipaglakas Program of Lipa City evolved from mere street sweepingand cleaning the public market to household-level waste segregation,barangay-level waste collection, and dumpsite management improvement.The city established an inter-agency working committee on sanitation andenvironment protection system as the body responsible for programmanagement. Surprise visits to participating barangays and monthly meetings

by recycling movement groups of barangays ensure compliance with the program.

Lipa City collects substantial fees and demands strict enforcement of its program. Byachieving modest successes in collection efficiency, Lipa City has demonstrated thatdiscipline can be inculcated and reinforced among the city’s residents.

Source: “Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.” GOLD Occasional Papers No.98-06. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998




Contact InformationOffice of the MayorLipa City, BatangasTel No. (043) 561-1453

BRGY.TUNASAN ECO-CENTER

The establishment of Eco-Centers is a community-based project set up bythe Muntinlupa City Eco-Waste Management Board in 1999. It minimizeswaste through segregation, recycling and composting. The “3-in-1” Eco-Center inside Sto. Niño Village in Barangay Tunasan features not only aMaterials Recovery Facility (MRF) but also a livelihood component (papercrafts and composting).

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management,2002


57



Contact InformationChairmanCommittee on Healthand SanitationMuntinlupa CityTelefax (02) 543-0759

ECO-CENTERSto. Niño Village, Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Tel. No. (02) 773-4914

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CALOOCAN CITY MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY

Caloocan City’s Materials Recovery Facility was launched by ECOSERVE incooperation with the Environmental Sanitation Services. The facility, locatedin Barangay 171 District 1 shows how segregation, composting, and recyclingof waste can be done on a large scale.

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management, 2002




Contact InformationOffice of the MayorCaloocan City, Metro ManilaTel. No. (02) 364-9852

VALENCIA, NEGROS ORIENTAL

The municipal government organized and trained barangay trainers onlivelihood opportunities in waste recycling. The Municipal Engineer’s officeheld initial discussions on establishing a materials recovery center andsetting collection systems and schedules for recyclable materials.



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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorValencia, Negros OrientalTel. No. (035) 225-4875

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BUTUAN CITY BARANGAY-BASED MRF

Butuan City has a pilot project for a barangay-based MRF in Barangay J.P. Rizal.The project aims to minimize waste and generate income with the plannedinstallation of five MRFs. Income from the sale of recycled materials is usedby the barangay in road repair and maintenance, urban greening, streetlighting, and incentives for Eco-aides.





Contact InformationBarangay CaptainBrgy. J. P. Rizal, Butuan CityTel. No. (085) 342-3205

Environment andNatural ResourcesOfficec/o CARBDP Building,Doongan, Butuan CityTel. No. (085) 225-2671

ZAMBOANGA CITY MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY

In compliance with RA 9003, the city government of Zamboanga establishedthree MRFs to cover communities within a seven-kilometer radius. TheseMRFs include facilities for segregation of non-biodegradables andcomposting of biodegradables.

The composting center at the Sta. Cruz market, which handles about 10metric tons of biodegradables a day, is equipped with a conveyor system,composter drums, hammermills/shredder/decorticator, rotary screeners, andmechanized baggers. Forty-four contract workers do the unloading, segregation, andprocessing of compost in the center.



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Contact InformationDepartment HeadCity General ServicesOfficeZamboanga CityTel. No. (082) 991-3221Telefax (082) 991-3095

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OLONGAPO CITY INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

Launched in 1989, the distinctive features of the Integrated Solid WasteCollection System are the required use of prescribed plastic bags for collection,the use of public address systems atop garbage trucks to air a programjingle, strict collection schedules, and the billing and payment of garbage feestogether with electricity charges. The Waste Management System operateson garbage fee collections; in fact, it has been generating a surplus from itsoperations. Olongapo City’s waste management system is self-financingand is thus, sustainable.

A social pricing system was adopted for the service fees: charges were basedon the ability to pay so that businesses, professionals, and other higher-income groups paid more than ordinary residents. Garbage fee collection was

kept simple by synchronizing billing and collection with the electricity bill. Citation ticketswere issued if premises were unclean. The city received the “Award of Excellence, NationalWinner for the Cleanest and Greenest LGU” (city category) in 1997 and the “Galing Pook”Award in 1994 for its waste management program.

Source: “Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.” GOLD Occasional Papers No.98-06. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998.

Garbage Collection

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorOlongapo CityTel. No. (047) 222-2565

EnvironmentalSanitation andManagement OfficeOlongapo CityTel. No. (047) 223-4528/224-9346Fax No. (047) 222-4777



MARIKINA CITY WASTE MANAGEMENT OFFICE

The Waste Management Office (WMO) administers the solid waste collectionand disposal operations in the city. The city has at present 18 compactor andeight dump trucks. These trucks collect garbage from 14 barangays on aregular twice and week schedule. Biodegradable and non-biodegradablewastes are separately collected by compactor trucks. The waste is thentransported to a garbage transfer station where large dump trucks wait totransport the garbage to the sanitary landfill site presently situated in San Mateo, Rizal. Theuse of a garbage transfer station enables Marikina to boast of a garbage collectionefficiency of 98 percent. The operation of a garbage transfer station substantially reducedthe breakdown of equipment and increased the number of trips of garbage compactors,resulting in reduced costs of garbage collection. The city’s initiatives on waste management,earned Marikina the championship in the “Search for the Cleanest and Greenest Municipalityin the National and Capital Region”in 1994, 1995, and 1996, and thus placing it in the Hallof Fame for the same contest. Apart from this recognition, the city also placed second inthe search for the “Cleanest and Greenest Municipality in the whole Philippines."

Source: Marikina City’s website ( www.marikina.com.ph )

Garbage Collection

63



Contact InformationWaste ManagementOfficeMarikina CityTel No. (02) 948-1205

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CRUZADA LABAN SA BASURA

The City ENRO was able to collect and dispose garbage efficiently by modifyingschedules and rerouting all garbage trucks. This move resulted in reduced fuelcosts and avoidance of traffic congestion because collection in the mainstreets was done at night up to early morning.Naga City launched the“Cruzada Laban sa Basura” campaign and inaugurated a Materials RecoveryCenter and Composting Area in Barangay Bagumbayan Sur.

This campaign is in line with the program to protect the environment throughan effective and sustainable garbage disposal program. The city enteredinto a joint venture agreement with a private company for the processing ofbiodegradable waste into organic fertilizer.

Source: SWAPP Inventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management, 2002.Waste Matters Vol. 1 No. 1 (November2001): 4. Official Publication of the Solid Waste Management Association of the Philippines, Makati.



Garbage Collection

Contact InformationChairmanCommission onEnvironment and EcologySangguniang PanlunsodNaga CityTel. (054) 473-2051 / 1898Telefax: (054) 811-1286

City ENRONaga CityTel: (054) 473-1479/0775

AMLAN WASTE SEGREGATION

The municipality of Amlan started implementing waste segregation atsource in 1999. It seemed impossible at first because of resistance from theresidents but the implementors encouraged them to adopt the scheme. Aftertwo years, 60 percent of the residents in three pilot barangays beganpracticing segregation at source. To support segregation at source, collectionand disposal of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste are doneseparately.


Garbage Collection

65



Contact InformationMunicipal Planning &DevelopmentCoordinatorMunicipality of Amlan,Negros OrientalTelefax (035) 417-0034

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Garbage Collection

GENERAL SANTOS GARBAGE COLLECTION

Strategies for improving garbage collection in General Santosincluded modifying routes and reducing the crew to a maximum ofthree, excluding the driver. The new procedures on garbage collectionalso reduced waste collection trips (from six trips to two or three aday). This improvement was complemented by simultaneouscampaigns for segregation and recycling. The city government alsoimproved the management of the dumpsite while preparing a newlandfill.

Source: “Moving Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management.” Local Governance TechnicalNotes 1-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorTel No. (083) 553-5042

Solid WasteManagement CouncilGeneral Santos CityTel No. (083) 553-5042

Enforcement

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SINOP-KALAT, LUNTIANG KAPALIGIRAN

The provincial government of Bulacan launched “Sinop-Kalat, LuntiangKapaligiran,”one of its environmental management initiatives. By virtue ofProvincial Ordinance 98-03, provincial grounds and all lands owned by theprovincial government were declared green zones. The ordinance penalizeslittering with fines and/or imprisonment.


Contact InformationDepartment HeadProvincial ENROPENRO, Province ofBulacanTel. No. (044) 791-6365/791-0209 loc. 110

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OPLAN LINIS PROGRAM

The Oplan Linis Program was set up to promote among its citizens asense of urgency, concern, and responsibility for the cleanliness of thecommunity. The program all its citizens in program monitoring andevaluation, and involves volunteers in various components. Anti-litteringordinances were enacted with sanctions for violations. Enforcementefforts are truly serious—even the mayor and a visiting senator werefined. The city has repeatedly been adjudged the “Cleanest and GreenestComponents City in the Philippines.

”Source: “Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.” GOLD Occasional Papers No.98-06. . Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998.

Contact InformationOplan Linis ProjectManagerNew City Hall, Sta. Monica, PuertoPrincesa City, PalawanTel. No. (048) 433-2028/433-2249

Enforcement

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Enforcement

The Integrated Solid Waste Management Program of the province aims toreduce and minimize its garbage problem. Through a series of workshopsand consultations, the framework on SWM was widely adopted in threecoastal municipalities. The implementation of the program has met standardsin terms of waste generation, collection, and disposal. Ordinances in themunicipal levels have been passed and adopted. Continuing campaigns onwaste segregation efforts have been sustained, especially among marketvendors and other groups.


Contact InformationOffice of the ProvincialGovernorProvince of Lanao delNorteTel. No. (063) 341-524Fax No. (063) 341-5345

ENR OfficerProvince of Lanao delNorteTel. No. (063) 341-5925

LANAO DEL NORTE INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

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OPERATION PULOT BASURA

Kibawe observes strict implementation of an anti-littering policy, cleanlinessprogram, and the proper collection and disposal of domestic waste and garbage.Locals have made “Operation Pulot Basura” a way of life. The municipalgovernment, for its part, has installed sanitary rest rooms and has started toprivatize comfort rooms located in public places. It has been a consistent

regional winner/finalist and national finalist in the “Search for the Cleanest and GreenestLGU in the Philippines.”



Enforcement

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorKibawe, Bukidnon

Enforcement

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KIAMBA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Waste appraisal was a major factor in shaping the integrated solid wastemanagement program of the local government. Previously perceived as apurely government action, solid waste management of Kiamba has nowbecome a concern for all. Citizen’s participation helped the local governmentmake waste receptacles user-friendly, clarify pick-up points for solid waste,and challenge the lack of enforcement of pertinent legislation. Themunicipality’s proactive approach also sustained the participation andsupport of the private sector through payment of a polluters and garbagecollection fee from each household and business establishment.

Source: “Appraising the Nature of Solid Waste in the Locality.” Local Governance Technical Notes 2-1999. Makati:Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999. “Improving Dumpsite Operations with Limited Budget.” Local Governance Technical Notes 7-1999. Makati:Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

Contact InformationMunicipal Environmentand Natural ResourcesOfficeKiamba, Sarangani

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LINAMON INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE

In 1999, the Integrated Solid Waste Management Task Force was formed inLinamon to seek solutions to their garbage problem. By virtue of Special OrderNo. 02-25 Series of 1999, issued by the municipal mayor, the Order enhancedmultisectoral people’s participation in law enforcement of the integrated solidwaste management ordinance, market code, and the municipal revenue code.

Enforcers were chosen from the ranks of nominees submitted by NGOs, market vendorassociations, inland and coastal barangay captains, good organizations, and the business sector.Enforcers were made to attend a workshop before being deployed as teams to specificareas within the municipality (i.e., market places, jeepney terminals, commercial areas). PNPofficers detailed in these areas served as backup to the teams in implementing SWMordinances.

Linamon’s “Basura Atras, Linamon Abante Program”basically follows the 5 Es of solid wastemanagement:

Education – It took years and an aggressive information, education and communicationcampaign (IEC) for the LGU to mobilize its constituents. One measure in place is theintegration of a three-hour Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) orientation into thepre-marriage counseling seminar in barangays. All households are given a complete list ofpenalties and fees imposed for every type of SWM violation. Billboards were also put up instrategic locations.

Engineering – One example is the non-placement of garbage cans along highways. Instead,these are put in public places.



Enforcement

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorTel No. (063) 227-0221

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Enforcement – About 140 enforcers have now been deputized. For instance, households that do not havecompost pits are fined and their domestic garbage are not collected until they have constructed their owncompost pits.

Equity – The LGU has allocated P1.2 M for the implementation of the program.Environmental organization– The LGU has created a Municipal Environment and Sanitation Office to manage its SWM program.

Source: “The Linamon Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and Local Democracy(GOLD) Project. October 1999. Presentation of Mayor Cherlito Macas during the Aug. 6 RTD.

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SAN FERNANDO CITY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The City of San Fernando improved its solid waste facility while simultaneouslypromoting simple waste segregation among its citizens to ensure widespreadacceptability. A seven-hectare land was transformed from a dumpsite to acovered garbage disposal in 1998. It is expected to provide the city with asanitary landfill for the next 15 years. The present site has been recommendedbecause there are few residents nearby; the ground is clayish (and will thusminimize the contamination of the groundwater and the aquifer caused byleachate); and it is far from geologic faults, airports, and natural and historic

areas. The city has to maintain its ongoing clean and green program. The greeningprogram is planned not only for parks and other green areas but also for the city’s majorthoroughfares. A program to educate the community and thus facilitate its activeparticipation is also planned. The city provides information and technical assistance on wastereduction through reuse and recycling, and composting opportunities.

Source: Official website of the City of San Fernando, La Union (www.sflu.com) The San Fernando City Solid WasteManagement Program: “Practices That Work.” October 1999.

Disposal Facilities

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorSan Fernando, La UnionTel. Nos. (072) 252-5601/242-5605Fax Nos. (072) 888-2003/242-3931



ODIONGAN DUMPSITE

A four-hectare controlled dumpsite in Odiongan, Romblon is serving eightpoblacion barangays that generate 80 cubic meters of waste a day. Thecontrolled dumpsite includes a leachate collection system and uses naturalclay as liner. The Odiongan’s Ecological Waste Management Program alsoincludes the setting up of a composting facility and a redemption center forrecyclables.

Source: Waste Matters Vol. 1, No. 1 (November 2001): 7. Official Publication of the Solid Waste ManagementAssociation of the Philippines, Makati.

Disposal Facilities

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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorOdiongan, Romblon

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BROOKE’S POINT DUMPSITE

The open dumpsite of Brooke’s Point was converted into a controlled dumpsitein 1999 with the help of the GOLD Project. After waste is delivered, a bulldozerregularly pushes and covers the trash with a thin layer of soil or rice hull andthen compacts it. A green buffer strip was installed and is being maintainedjointly by the local government and the families engaged in waste recovery.The area was fenced off and scavengers are not allowed to live in it. Squatterson some portions of the land within the dumpsite were even asked to moveout.

Source: “The Brooke’s Point Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Governanceand Local Democracy (GOLD) Project. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.



Disposal Facilities

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorBrooke’s Point, PalawanEnvironmentallySustainableDevelopment OfficeBrooke’s Point, PalawanTel. No. (048) 423-1141 to43

LINGUNAN CONTROLLED DUMPSITE

The 15-hectare Lingunan Controlled Dumpsite in Valenzuela City was openedin 1998. Since then, the city’s Solid Waste Management Office has integratedseveral innovations in its management—using carbonized rice hulls as cover,spraying the site with deodorizer and insecticide whenever necessary,regularly cleaning trucks, maintaining a nursery for greening the controlleddump and the city, reducing waste in every barangay, and monitoring illegaldumping activities.

Source: Waste Matters Vol. 1, No. 1, (November 2001): 7. Official Publication of the Solid WasteManagement Association of the Philippines., Makati.

Disposal Facilities

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Contact InformationOffice of the MayorTel. No. (02) 292-1311/0211Fax (02) 292-93-49

Planning andDevelopmentCoordinatorValenzuela City, Telefax (02) 293-4592

Solid WasteManagement OfficeValenzuela CityTel. No. 294-4856

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DUMAGUETE CITY DUMPSITE

The city government worked with various civic groups to improve thedumpsite by converting it into a controlled dumping facility with a parkand nursery. An integrated solid waste management ordinance was enforced,resulting in the establishment of composting and barangay materials recoverycenters, waste segregation and recycling at household and residentialsubdivision levels, improved waste collection routes, and imposition of morerealistic collection fees. This integrated solid waste management program wona Galing Pook award in 1999-2000.

In compliance with RA 9003, the existing dumpsite is scheduled for closure.The plan is to close the open dumpsite and convert the whole area into anecological park once an alternative disposal site has been established.

At present, the existing dumpsite is undergoing surface rehabilitation. Anaviary was constructed in the site through the Environment and NaturalResources Council (ENRC), the city government, and other non-governmentagencies, with ornamental plants and trees planted in the aviary’ssurroundings. (With reports from the office of Engr. Josephine M. Antonio ofthe Dumaguete City Government.)

Source: “Moving Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management.” Local GovernanceTechnical Notes 1-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD), Project 1999 Duran, Elvira D. OnPollution:http://mozcom.com/~mels/2/pollution.htm



Disposal Facilities

Contact InformationOffice of the MayorDumaguete CityTel. No. (035) 422-6336/420-1274

City Planning andDevelopment OfficeDumaguete CityTel. (035) 225-0386

Environment andNatural ResourcesManagement DivisionProvincial CapitolTel. No. (035) 225-1601

ENRODumaguete City, NegrosOrientalTel.No. (035) 422-6336/420-1274

AMADO DIAZ DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (ADDEF)

An organic fertilizer processing plant in Midsayap, Cotabato was jointly undertaken by theADDEF and Likas-Kayang Kaunlaran Foundation, with technical and financial assistance fromthe Foundation for Sustainable Society, Inc. and the Philippine Business for Social Progress.Waste materials came from the slaughterhouse, coconut farmers in the barangays ofMidsayap, vegetable and peanut vendors in the market, banana cue vendors, banana crackerproducers, and restaurants. Organic fertilizer was produced after shredding and mixing thedifferent materials. The project aims to improve on the environmental, health, andeconomic dimensions of development.

Private And NGO-Initiated Programs

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AYALA FOUNDATION/ MAKATI COMMERCIAL ESTATES ASSOCIATION

The commercial and residential establishments in the Central Business Districtof Makati set up compartmentalized garbage depositories and receptaclesto ensure waste segregation at source, a basic requirement of the SolidWaste Management Program being implemented by the Makati CommercialEstates Association (MaCEA).The condo-residential donor beneficiary schemeof Ayala Foundation organized people’s organizations to collect recyclablematerials. Households are encouraged to segregate at home. Recyclablematerials are collected from residential areas and business establishments andsold to junk shops. Materials such as paper and glass bottles are sold torecycling plants of paper mills and bottling companies.

Source: “Organizing Joint Action on Integrated Solid Waste Management.” Local GovernanceTechnical Notes 3-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999. SWAPPInventory of Exemplary Practices in Waste Management, 2002.




Contact InformationMakati CommercialEstates AssociationMini-Park, LegazpiVillage, MakatiTel. No. (02) 813-2446/810-3054

Center for SocialDevelopmentAyala Foundation, Inc.3/F Garden SquareBuilding, GreenbeltDrive cor. Legazpi St.,MakatiTel. No. (02) 894-5620/92-4141

CENTER FOR ECOZOIC LIVING AND LEARNING (CELL)

The Center sits on a 1.2-hectare farm in Silang, Cavite. Started in July 1999,the Zero Waste Program began as a simple segregation of biodegradablesand non-biodegradables. Biodegradables were recycled in the farm and non-biodegradables were either sent to the junk shop or given to the garbagetruck. But after the Payatas garbage slide tragedy in July 2000, CELL adoptedthe “Basura Ko, Pananagutan Ko”principle. Since then, it has achieved andmaintained its goal of 100 percent solid waste diversion. At present, 70percent of its discards are recycled or reused in the farm, 20 percent are recycled outsidethe farm, while 10 percent are kept in the central warehouse, its final disposal facility foritems with still unclear recycling value.

Source: CELL Brochure, April 2002.


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Contact InformationCELL Barrio Malaking Tatyaw,Silang, Cavite Tel. No. (046) 8651140

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METRO MANILA LINIS GANDA, INC.

Linis Ganda Project was initiated by Ms. Leonarda Camacho of the Women’sBalikatan Movement in Metro Manila. The Balikatan Movement organizedscavengers into teams of “eco-aides” to collect recyclable materials fromhouseholds. At present, there are thousands of eco-aides under the supervisionof more than 800 junkshop owners. Each junkshop received green-paintedpushcarts or bicycles with sidecars, green T-shirts for the eco-aides and ID cardsfor both the junkshop owner and the eco-aides. Eco-aides are provided a daily

capital to allow them to purchase recyclable materials and earn P100 to P300 a day ascompensation.

Source: “Organizing Joint Action on Integrated Solid Waste Management.” Local Governance Technical Notes 3-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.




Contact InformationPresident123 Domingo St., Cubao,Quezon CityTel. No. (02) 725-7232

PHILIPPINE RECYCLERS, INC. (PRI)

Philippine Recyclers, Inc. operates a recycling plant in Marilao, Bulacanthat can recover lead metal and plastic from spent batteries. Its “Balik-Baterya” Program offers fund-raising opportunities to organizations orcommunities that set up collection stations from where PRI can pick up andbuy junk batteries.

Source: Phil. Recyclers, Inc. brochure


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Contact InformationBalik-Baterya Hotline Tel. Nos. (044) 711-2236/711-2262

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UP AKKAP CENTER FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The entry of the University of the Philippines AKKAP Center for Solid WasteManagement into paper recycling is both a positive and timely initiative, giventhat paper constitutes a large percentage of academic, commercial, andresidential waste in UP Diliman. AKKAP, through its livelihood program, hasemployed five out-of-school youths since 1998 with collection routes inselect establishments within the university.




Contact InformationAKKAP Center for SolidWaste Management

Balagtas St. cor. Laurel St.

Area 2, UP Diliman,

Quezon City

ZKK FOUNDATION

ZKK Foundation started with the Dagat-Dagatan Polymedic Foundation’sZero Kalat sa Kaunlaran Project, which encouraged households to segregatetheir waste. It organized community volunteers to collect waste daily withthe use of pushcarts. Biodegradable waste is shredded and composted.Compost is used in vegetable gardens and nurseries that are part of theproject. Reusable and recyclable waste is stored in the redemption center where junk dealersbuy them. A cooperative was organized to operate the redemption center and overseelivelihood activities such as papermaking and crafts. To address a booming demand forrecovered recyclable materials, ZKK has set up other recovery centers in Taytay (Rizal),Novaliches (Quezon City), and San Jose del Monte in Bulacan.

Source: “Organizing Joint Action on Integrated Solid Waste Management.” Local Governance Technical Notes 3-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999 Waste Matters Vol. 1, No. 1 (November2001): 4. Official Publication of the Solid Waste Management Association of the Philippines, Makati.


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Contact InformationPresident Tel No. (02) 285-3278

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ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

In fiscal year 1996, Ann Arbor (pop. 112,000) achieved a 52 percent recoveryrate of residential waste through curbside recycling, yard trimmings collectionand composting, and the state’s bottle return law. Recycle Ann Arbor (RAA),a non-profit organization, runs the city’s recycling program. City crewsprovide yard trimmings collection and composting services. RAA picks up 23different recyclable materials weekly on the same day the city collects trash.RAA also runs a drop-off station. City crews collect curbside grass, leaves andbrush, which have been banned from the landfill, April 1 through Novemberas well as collecting Christmas trees in January. The city-owned compost sitegenerates $40,000 or PhP2,120,000 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per year from the saleof compost and mulch. Closing the loop, the Ann Arbor has adopted policiesto encourage the use and purchase of recycled content products.

Residential Programs

Contact InformationRecycling CoordinatorCity of Ann Arbor100 N. Fifth Ave.Ann Arbor, MI 48107(313) 994-6581

Solidwaste Department http://www.ci.ann-arbor.mi.us/framed/solwste/index.html

Recycle Ann ArborE-Mail:[email protected] site:www.recycleannarbor.org

❙ BEST PRACTICES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE THE PHILIPPINES

BELCHERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS

Belchertown (pop. 2,339) does not provide curbside collection services foreither trash or recyclables. Residents who choose to participate are requiredto purchase a permit to use the town’s transfer station and recycling center.The town has a pay-as-you-throw system for trash disposal. Residents mustpay a per-bag fee for trash disposal and a per item fee for special items suchas tires and appliances. Source separated recyclables can be left at thetransfer station. Materials collected include mixed paper; cardboard; glassbottles and jars; milk, juice, and drink cartons; steel and aluminum cans;aluminum trays and foil; and #1, #2, and #3 plastic bottles. The town alsoprovides chipping of brush at the transfer station and a composting area forleaves. Belchertown’s reported 1996 waste reduction was 63 percent.


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Contact InformationDirector of PublicWorksTown of Belchertown290 Jackson StreetBelchertown, MA 01007Tel (413) 323-0415Fax (413) 323-0470

Department of PublicWorkshttp://www.belchertown.org/departments/dpw/dpwhome.htm

Solid Waste/TransferStation and RecyclingCenterhttp://www.belchertown.org/departments/Selectmen/solid_waste_transfer_station_and.htm

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BELLEVUE, WASHINGTON

Bellevue (pop. 104,000) instituted recycling in 1989. The following year thecity restructured trash fees to provide an incentive to lower disposal levels.Residents have responded to the incentive programs so that in 1996, 62percent of served households subscribed to the trash service of one 30-gallon-can or less of trash per week. Bellevue residents recovered 60 percentof their discards through recycling and composting in 1996 (26 percentthrough recycling and 34 percent through composting). A contractor providestrash, recycling, and composting services. Residents receive weekly curbsidecollection of recyclable materials and year-round collection of yard debris.




Contact InformationSolid Waste ProgramAdministratorResource Management &Technology UtilitiesDepartmentCity of Bellevue 301 116th Avenue Southeast,Suite 320P.O. Box 90012Bellevue, WA 98009-9012Tel (425) 452-6964Fax (425) 452-7116

Utilities Departmenthttp://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/page.asp?view=1057

BERGEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

Bergen County (pop. 845,189) consists of 70 small, heavily populatedmunicipalities in northeastern New Jersey. The area is largely suburbanand home to many individuals who commute to New York City. Eachcommunity in Bergen County administers its own waste managementprogram. The Bergen County Utilities Authority provides technical assistance,educational programs, financial assistance, and promotional materials tosupport the communities with their efforts. Areas of assistance includebackyard composting, vermicomposting, waste reduction, householdhazardous waste collection, marketing assistance, and business wasteaudits. Bergen County’s reported municipal solid waste recycling/compostingrate for 1995, the most recent year for which data are available, was 62percent.


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Contact InformationRecycling ProgramManagerBergen County Utilities AuthorityDepartment of SolidWaste Planning andDevelopmentP.O. Box 9Foot of Mehrhof RoadLittle Ferry, New Jersey07643Tel (201) 641-2552 x5822 Fax (201) 641-3509

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BLUEWATER RECYCLING ASSOCIATION, ONTARIO

The Bluewater Recycling Association is a non-profit organization servingmore than 125,000 people in some 60 municipalities in Southwestern Ontario.The Association offers several services to its members including an expandedblue box curbside recycling program, backyard composter sales andtroubleshooting support, educational curriculum, household hazardouswaste days, promotional materials, processing at its 43,000 square feetmaterial recovery facility, and the latest co-collection program serving 19communities. The co-collection program uses a three-compartment vehicledesigned by the Association where waste is kept separate from paper fibersand mixed containers. The Association has achieved a diversion rate of as high

as 73.8 percent in some of its 28 communities on “user pay.”




Contact InformationDirectorBluewater RecyclingAssociationP.O. Box 547Huron Park, Ontario N0M 1Y0(519) 228-6678http://www.bra.org

BOWDOINHAM, MAINE

In 1996, Bowdoinham (pop. 2,192) recovered 62 percent of its municipal solidwaste. Recycling participation is voluntary but a volume-based fee ischarged for waste disposal. Trash disposed at the Bowdoinham landfilldropped by 50 percent in the first six months after introducing the volume-based fees in 1989. Bowdoinham introduced municipally contracted curbsiderecycling and trash collection in 1994. Material for recycling is also collectedat the town’s drop-off center. Materials accepted include food discards,newspaper, cardboard, magazines, glass, aluminum and ferrous cans, andall plastic resins. An area of the recycling center is also used to display reusable materials,such as furniture, books, and clothing, available free to residents. Leaves, grass clippings,wood waste, and brush are collected free of charge at the town landfill.


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Contact InformationSolid Waste ManagerPO Box 85Bowdoinham, ME 04008(207) 666-3228http://www.bowdoinham.com/recycling.htm

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CHATHAM, NEW JERSEY

Chatham (pop. 8,289) residents achieved a 65 percent recovery rate in 1996.Chatham charges a base rate of $75 or PhP3,975 (at $1.00: PhP53) perhousehold per year for solid waste and recycling services. The boroughimposes an additional charge of $1.45 or PhP76.85 (at $1.00: PhP53) for a 30-gallon bag or $0.75 or PhP39.75 (at $1.00: PhP53) for a 15-gallon bag for trashcollection. The change to a per-bag charge was a hard sell for town officialsbut the program has worked well. The Chatham recycling program acceptsa wide range of materials including cereal boxes, paper juice and milk cartons,metal clothing hangers, aerosol cans, and mixed paper. Leaves, brush, andother yard debris are diverted through composting and account for 66percent of the material Chatham residents divert.




Contact InformationAdministrator/ClerkBorough of Chatham54 Fairmount AvenueChatham, NJ 07928(201) 635-0674 x108

Public WorksDepartmenthttp://www.chatham-nj.com/

CLIFTON, NEW JERSEY

Through Clifton’s mandatory recycling programs for residents and businesses,the city (pop. 71,742) diverted from disposal 56 percent of its municipal solidwaste in 1996. Residents are offered curbside collection of old newspapers,magazines, mixed paper, glass, aluminum cans, and steel cans once everythree weeks. Residents must segregate and place each type of material ina separate container at the curb. Even glass is sorted by color. This methodallows Clifton to deliver materials directly to market without having to payan intermediate processor. Clifton’s drop-off recycling center acceptsadditional materials such as cardboard, #1 and #2 plastic bottles, andaluminum plates and trays. Grass clippings, leaves, brush, and other yard andgarden debris are collected seasonally by the curbside and account for 32percent of total materials recovery. Businesses are required to recycle andare provided technical assistance by the recycling coordinator. Smallbusinesses are eligible to receive city trash and recycling services, but large businessesprivately contract.


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Contact InformationRecycling CoordinatorCity of CliftonDepartment of PublicWorks307 East 7thStreetClifton, NJ 07011Tel (201) 470-2237 Fax (201) 340-7049

Recycling Guidehttp://www.cliftononline.com

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CROCKETT, TEXAS

Prior to 1992, Crockett contracted with a private company to collect anddispose of all waste generated in the city. No materials were recovered forrecycling or composting. The city took over trash management in 1992 in thebelief that it could provide trash, recycling, and composting services at a lowercost than it had been paying for trash collection and disposal. In 1996,Crockett recycled 20 percent and composted 32 percent of its residential wastestream. Crockett’s mandatory, weekly curbside recycling and compostingprograms and the use of clear bags for trash, composting, and recyclinghave contributed to the city’s high diversion level. Through a local ordinance,Crockett requires all residents to recycle 22 categories of materials andcollect four others for composting. All residents have weekly, year-round

collection service for recyclables and yard debris. The use of clear bags allows city staff toreadily identify trash that contains recyclables and improperly prepared materials forrecovery. City staff do not collect improperly segregated materials.




Contact InformationSolid Waste DirectorCity of Crockett200 North FifthCrockett, TX 75835Tel (409) 544-5156Fax (409) 544-4976Texas Commission onEnvironmental Qualityhttp://163.234.20.106/index.html

DOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE

Dover (pop. 27,000) did not offer any recycling program to its residents until1990 when it opened a drop-off recycling center. The next year it startedcurbside recycling and a month later a pay-as-you-throw system for trashcollection. Before the beginning of these programs, Dover’s residentsdisposed approximately 11,000 tons of solid waste. In 1996, only 4,500tons of residential waste was disposed. This strictly voluntary recyclingprogram and the pay-as-you-throw trash system resulted in the town’sresidents recycling 52 percent of their residential solid waste in 1996. Doverresidents are offered the opportunity to recycle mixed paper, HDPE, PET, glassbeverage containers, corrugated cardboard, used motor oil, tires, batteries,aluminum and steel cans, and aseptic packaging. Leaves, clean wood, andyard trimmings are collected for composting at Dover’s drop-off recyclingstation.


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Contact InformationRecycling CoordinatorSolid Waste andRecycling DivisionCity of Dover288 Central AvenueDover, NH 03820Tel (603) 743-6073Fax (603) 743-6096

Talking Trash In Dover:Community ServicesDepartmenthttp://www.ci.dover.nh.us/community/Environmental/talking.htm

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FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA

In 1996, Falls Church (pop. 9,845) recycled 65 percent of its residential wastethrough its curbside and drop-off programs, both of which are voluntary.The city provides collection of magazines, catalogs, corrugated cardboard,newspaper, phone books, glass, cans, #1 and #2 plastic bottles, brush,leaves, other yard trimmings, and appliances. Each fall, approximately2,000 tons of leaves are collected curbside, processed into mulch, anddelivered back to citizens upon request, free of charge. In 1996, FallsChurch diverted 31 percent of its residential waste through its leaf program.The city’s 100 volunteer recycling block captains deliver a quarterlynewsletter to residents.




Contact InformationCoordinatorRecycling and LitterPreventionCity of Falls ChurchDepartment of Public WorksHarry E. Wells Building300 Park AvenueFalls Church, VA 22046-3332Tel (703) 241-5176 Fax (703) 241-5184

Northern Virginia RegionalCommissionNorthern Virginia WasteManagement Boardhttp://www.novaregion.org/waste.htm

FITCHBURG, WISCONSIN

Fitchburg (pop. 15,648) borders Madison to the north and contains both ruralfarmland and urban areas. Its mandatory recycling program, the first inWisconsin, began in 1988 and has evolved into a program that is bothcost-effective and efficient. Fitchburg’s waste management program includesvolume-based trash collection fees (begun in 1994), weekly collection ofrecyclables, monthly collection of reusable items, subsidized sales of homecompost bins, and yard trimmings drop-off. In 1996, the city diverted 50percent of its residential solid waste—29 percent through recycling, and 21percent through composting.


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Contact InformationProject ManagerPublic Works Department,City of Fitchburg2377 S. Fish Hatchery RoadMadison, WI 53711Tel (608) 275-7141Fax (608) 275-7154

Solid Waste andRecycling Programhttp://www.city.fitchburg.wi.us/SolidWaste/sw&r.htm

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LEBANON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

With 13 curbside collection programs and seven drop-off centers in its 26municipalities, Lebanon County (pop. 116,789) recycled 51 percent of itssolid waste in 1995. The county accepts newspaper; corrugated cardboard;aluminum and bimetal cans; glass; plastic milk, soda, and detergent bottles;phone books; magazines; office paper; metals; car batteries; tires; andyard trimmings. In 1995, the county recycled over 43,000 tons of material.Of the 13 municipalities with curbside collection, five have mandatoryrecycling while eight have voluntary programs. County officials credit itshigh recovery rate to waste haulers’cooperation in picking up recyclableson their routes, voluntary recycling coordinators in each community, andpublic and private organizations and citizens who have all enthusiasticallyembraced recycling.




Contact InformationLebanon CountyRecycling CoordinatorGreater Lebanon RefuseAuthority1610 Russell RoadLebanon, PA 17046Tel (717) 867-5790, ext. 307Fax (717) 867-5798

Greater Lebanon RefuseAuthorityhttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/enved/go_with_inspector/landfill/Greater_Lebanon_Refuse_Authority.htm

LEVERETT, MASSACHUSETTS

Leverett, a rural town (pop. 1,965) in western Massachusetts, has achieveda 56 percent recovery rate through reuse, recycling, composting, anddeposit container redemption. Recycling is mandatory; residents bringtheir recyclables to a local drop-off station. Among the materials acceptedfor recycling and composting are: aluminum cans, steel cans, glass containers,mixed paper, paperboard, textiles, auto and button batteries, plastics, scrapmetal, waste oil, tires, paint, egg crates, leaves, and other yard debris.Leverett has an active swap shop, called “Take it or Leave it,”where residents can leave and/ortake reusable items such as books, clothes, and bed frames. Residents pay a flat fee forrecycling and a per-bag fee for trash pick-up. The town sells home composters and reportsthat almost everyone composts on their own. Leverett’s total solid waste managementbudget has decreased as a result of its waste reduction programs. The total waste streamhas also decreased.


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Contact InformationRecycling CoordinatorTown of Leverett Town HallLeverett, MA 01054Tel (413) 367-9683Fax (413) 367-9683

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LOVELAND, COLORADO

In 1996, Loveland residents (pop. 46,940) diverted 56 percent of theirresidential solid waste from the landfill. Loveland offers residential curbsiderecycling coupled with a volume-based rate for trash disposal. April throughNovember, the community collects yard trimmings from residents for anominal fee. Since the initiation of these programs, per household wastegeneration has dropped and much of the material is now captured forrecycling and composting. In 1996, per household disposal levels wereless than half of the 1989 levels. The city’s waste diversion program, carriedout through dual-collection of recyclables and trash, saves it more than$100,000 or PhP5,300,000 (at $1.00: PhP53) per year in avoided capitaland operating costs.




Contact InformationSolid WasteSuperintendentCity of LovelandSolid Waste Division500 E. Third StreetLoveland, CO 80537Tel (970) 962-2609Fax (970) 663-8047

Recycling/TrashServiceshttp://www.ci.loveland.co.us/PublicWorks/SolidWaste/SolidWasteMain.htm

MADISON, WISCONSIN

The curbside recycling program in Madison (pop. 200,814) collects glass,metal cans, #1 and #2 plastics, glossy magazines, newspapers, corrugatedcardboard, brush, leaves, large items such as tires and white goods, andphone books. Residents pay a flat fee for waste management, except forappliance pick-up for which residents must purchase a sticker. In 1996, thecity recovered 49 percent of its residential waste (32.6 percent throughcomposting and 16.6 percent through recycling). In 1992, the city began ahome composting program and distributed composting bins to residentsat no charge. Since then, the city has sold almost 5,000 bins to residents at,or below, cost. The city’s goal is to have one-third of residents in single-familyhomes composting their food discards.


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Contact InformationRecycling CoordinatorCity of Madison1501 W. Badger RoadMadison, WI 53705-1423Tel (608) 226-4681

City EnvironmentalInitiativeshttp://www.ci.madison.wi.us/Environment/default.htm

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MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

In 1995, Morris County (1995 pop. est. 444,990) surpassed New Jersey’sstatewide recycling goal of 60 percent, by recycling 63 percent of its totalsolid waste. Morris County mandates 15 materials to be source separatedand recycled by the residential, commercial, and institutional sectors. Thelist of materials includes mixed paper, yard debris, tires, batteries, whitegoods and stumps, in addition to the “traditional”recyclables. The countyoffers a curbside recycling collection program to municipalities for a costof $0.85 or PhP45.05 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per household per pick-up. Smallbusinesses pay $5.00 or PhP265 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per pick-up for “back door”service. Currently 12 of 39 municipalities and approximately 70 smallbusinesses in the county subscribe to these services. Morris County alsooperates a recycling consolidation center for materials. This center acceptssource-separated materials from municipalities, recycling collectors, andsmall businesses and processes the material for market. Most municipalities

operate both a curbside recycling program and their own drop-off site. Drop-off is free. Fourtimes each year, the county sponsors Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Days andcollects items such as paints, pesticides, antifreeze, and asbestos. The county promotes a“Cut It and Leave It” program for grass clippings and backyard composting for othervegetative waste. Many of its municipalities likewise promote these programs and, as a result,some are eliminating curbside collection of yard debris.




Contact InformationRecycling SpecialistMunicipal UtilitiesAuthorityCounty of MorrisP.O. Box 370Morris Plains, NJ 07945-0370Tel (973) 285-8392 Fax (973) 285-8397

Morris County MunicipalUtilities Authorityhttp://www.mcmua.com/solidwaste

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, ONTARIO

In April 1996, Northumberland County (pop. 75,000) implemented a wet/drycurbside collection program in its 15 municipalities. Collection costs havebeen cut in half and the county is diverting more material. The countyuses 10 split dual-collection compactors. The trucks keep bags of wetdiscards separated from bags of dry discards. Currently the dry waste is sortedat a materials recovery facility (MRF), while the wet waste is landfilled. Plansare in the works to also process the wet waste for composting. About 43percent of the residential waste stream arrives at the MRF as dry waste. Ofthis, 80 percent is captured and recycled. Four municipalities haveimplemented variable rates for discard collection. About 57 percent oftheir residential waste is coming in as wet waste.


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Contact InformationDirectorNorthumberland CountyWaste Management860 William StreetCobourg, Ontario K9A 3A9Tel (905) 372-3329Fax (905) 372-1696

Waste Serviceshttp://www.northumberland.ca/cgi-bin/Colours/colourChange.cgi?category=7&level=2&subcat=1000208&position=1000213

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PASSAIC COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

According to preliminary 1996 data, Passaic County (pop. 453,060) met its60 percent recycling goal for overall solid waste. The county documentedrecycling 48 percent of its municipal solid waste in 1995. Aside frommandatory recycling, key elements of Passaic County’s waste reductionsuccess include an information packet about source reduction and recyclingdistributed to new county residents, a yard debris program whichencourages composting and the use of mulching mowers, and theimplementation of “Wiser Ways,”a program aimed at reducing waste at thesource by encouraging citizens to make environmentally sound decisions.According to 1995 data, Passaic County residents each recycled almost aton of material (1,893 pounds) on average.




Contact InformationSolid Waste ProgramsCoordinatorPassaic County PlanningBoardOffice of Recycling andSolid Waste Programs1310 Route 23NorthWayne, NJ 07470Tel (201) 305-5738Fax (201) 305-5737

Office of Recycling andSolid Waste Programshttp://www.pcnjwaste.com

PEPIN COUNTY, WISCONSIN

Pepin County (1996 pop. est. 7,180) is a remote sparsely populated ruralcounty in the Big Woods of Western Wisconsin. The county’s recyclingsuccess has depended largely on source separation and proper preparationand handling of solid waste by citizens. The county’s residents achieved 53percent residential waste diversion in 1996. The county operates drop-offsites, curbside pick-up of recyclables in its three incorporated communities,and a weekly mobile collection station in Albany township, located 20miles from the nearest permanent drop-off site. Materials collected forrecycling by Pepin County residents are corrugated cardboard, appliances,motor oil, Kraft paper, chipboard, glass bottles and jars, #1 and #2 plastics,aluminum and steel containers, newspapers, and scrap metal. Yard andgarden debris are also composted. The cost of collection, hauling, andprocessing of recyclables was $49/ton in 1995, compared to $96/ton forcollection, hauling, and disposal of the remainder of the waste stream.


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Contact InformationCoordinatorPepin County Recyclingand Solid WastePO Box 39740 7th Avenue WestDurand, WI 54736Tel (715) 672-5709Wisconsin

Department of NaturalResources – WasteManagement Programhttp://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/wm

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PORTLAND, OREGON

Portland (pop. 497,600) revamped its trash collection service in 1992 torespond to public demand and state requirements for increased recycling.Volume-based trash rates, weekly curbside collection of a wide variety ofmaterials, a bottle bill, yard debris recovery, and mandatory commercialrecycling resulted in a total municipal solid waste recovery rate of 50 percentin 1996. Private companies franchised to serve areas of the city offer wastemanagement services to Portland residents. According to PortlandEnvironmental Services, the residential disposal rate of 1,468 pounds ofsolid waste per household is the lowest among large American cities.




Contact InformationSolid Waste & RecyclingSpecialistCity of PortlandEnvironmental Services1120 S.W. Fifth Avenue,Room 400Portland, OR 97204-1972Tel (503) 823-5545Fax (503) 823-4562

Bureau of EnvironmentalServiceshttp://www.cleanrivers-pdx.org/index.htm

SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA

In its fiscal year 1996, San Jose (pop. 849,363) diverted 43 percent of itsmunicipal solid waste from disposal: 45 percent of its residential wastestream and 41 percent of its commercial/ institutional waste stream. Thediversion level for single-family households was 55 percent. The citycontracts with two private companies (the Green Team of San Jose andWestern/USA Waste) to provide residential trash and recycling services ona weekly basis to 186,000 single-family dwellings and 79,000 multi-familydwellings. Single-family households pay volume-based rates for trashservice. Two other contractors collect yard trimmings once a week on thesame day as trash and recycling pick-up. In all, the city collects more than24 different categories of materials for recycling and composting. The cityencourages waste reduction in the commercial/institutional sector byassessing fees on trash collection but not on recycling or compostingcollection. This provides a direct economic incentive for businesses torecycle and reduce their solid waste.


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Contact InformationProgram ManagerCity of San JoseEnvironmental ServicesDepartmentIntegrated WasteManagement Program777 N. First Street, Suite450 San Jose, Californa95112-6311Tel (408) 277-5533 fax(408) 277-3669

Environmental Serviceshttp://www.sjrecycles.org

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SARASOTA COUNTY, FLORIDA

Recycling is mandatory for both residents and businesses in Sarasota County(pop. 301,528). The current recovery rate is 43 percent; 50 percent in thecommercial sector and 38 percent in the residential sector. Successful recyclingin Sarasota County’s commercial sector has been achieved through aggressiveeducation campaigns aimed at local businesses. Businesses must contractindependently for trash and recycling collection services; the county programsserve residences only. The county has offered on-site waste assessments,technical advice, workshops, presentations, training, awards programs, andother educational information to encourage commercial sector recycling. Asa last resort, the county’s Code Enforcement has the authority to make surethat businesses comply with the mandatory recycling program.




Contact InformationRecycling ManagerSarasota County SolidWaste Department1660 Ringling BoulevardFourth FloorSarasota, FL 34236Tel (941) 364-4663Fax (941) 364-4377http://www.co.sarasota.fl.us/solid--waste/

SEATTLE, WASHINGTON

Seattle (pop. 534,700) was a pioneer in charging variable rates for trashdisposal, with the city’s program implemented in 1981. The city continuesto lead in waste diversion and has provided its residents with a convenientrecycling system and a financial incentive to encourage its use. Citycontractors provide residential curbside recycling and yard trimmingscollection (by subscription). Seattle’s multi-family recycling program serves60 percent of households in this sector. Businesses contract privately for theirtrash and recycling services. Businesses and residents can also choose to self-haul trash, recyclables, and yard trimmings to city-owned transfer stations.Seattle set a goal of recovering 60 percent of its municipal solid wastestream by 1998 as an alternative to building an incinerator. No other large US city hascentered its waste management approach on material recovery, rejecting traditionaldisposal facilities in its long-term planning. In 1996, waste diversion levels in Seattle were47 percent in the residential sector, 49 percent in the commercial sector, and 17 percentof self-haul materials. The city’s total waste diversion level was 44 percent.


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Contact InformationSolid Waste Utility710 Second Avenue #505 Seattle, WA 98104Tel (206) 684-7808Fax (206) 684-8529

Seattle Public Utilitieshttp://www.cityofseattle.net/util

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VISALIA, CALIFORNIA

Visalia (pop. 91,792) began its first pilot route in 1991 to test the feasibility ofimplementing an automated dual-collection of residential trash andrecyclables. This pilot was completed in 1992. Citywide implementation of thedual collection program started on 1994 and was completed in April 1996.The city formed a public/private partnership with the Heil truck company tostudy equipment configurations and improve service productivity. At the sametime, the city also implemented separate curbside yard trimmings collection.In the few years since the program began, Visalia’s residential diversion ratehas climbed to 50 percent. Visalia staff attribute their success to theiraggressive public education program and the partnership with Heil thatallowed them to determine equipment needs before making large equipmentpurchases.




Contact InformationCity of Visalia SolidWaste Fleet Services366 North Ben MaddoxWayVisalia, CA 93292Tel (209) 738-3569Fax (209) 738-3576

Public WorksDepartmentHousehold HazardousWaste Collectionhttp://www.ci.visalia.ca.us

WEST LINN, OREGON

In 1996 West Linn (pop. 16,557) recovered 52 percent of its municipal solidwaste. Residents can recycle in the city’s curbside collection program, or theycan bring materials to the city’s recycling center. The city collects newspaper,cardboard, glass, plastics, tin, aluminum, milk cartons, office paper, andmagazines. Yard trimmings are accepted at the drop-off center and collectedcurbside.


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Contact InformationWest Linn Departmentof Public Works4100 Norfolk StreetP.O. Box 4 SWest Linn, OR 97068Tel (503) 656-6081Fax (503) 657-3237

Department of PublicWorksEnvironmental Serviceshttp://www.ci.west-linn.or.us/PublicWorks/htmls/Environmentalpercent20Servicespercent20tertiary1.htm

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WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS

Worcester’s curbside recycling program began in November 1993 alongwith a pay-as-you-throw system for the collection of trash. Materials collectedfor recycling include newspapers and inserts, mixed paper, corrugatedcardboard, paperboard, milk and juice cartons, drink boxes, glass bottlesand jars, beverage cans, food cans, aluminum trays, and all plastic bottles, jars,tubs, and microwave trays/containers. The city also offers a drop-off site foryard debris and leaves, which are then composted. Although the program hasonly been in effect a short time, Worcester (pop. 165,387) achieved 54 percentdiversion of residential solid waste in 1996.




Contact InformationAssistant to theCommissionerDepartment of PublicWorks20 E. Worcester Street,Worcester, MA 01604Tel (508) 799-1430Fax (508) 799-1448

Department of PublicWorksRecycling and Disposalhttp://www.ci.wellesley.ma.us/dpw/rdf.html

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LEISURE WORLD RETIREMENT COMMUNITYLAGUNA HILLS, CA

Leisure World is a retirement community of 18,000 residents. The residentsof this community recycle newspaper, glass, and aluminum. Themanagement runs a green waste composting operation and constructiondebris and metals recycling programs. They have also changed landscapingtechniques to reduce the amount of green waste produced. As a result ofthese programs, Leisure World diverts more than 50 percent of their waste.They have saved nearly $249,000 or PhP13,197,000 (at $1.00 : PhP53) intipping fees and received revenues of $343,000 or PhP18,179,000 (at $1.00 : PhP53) forrecyclable materials.

Multi-Family Residential

Contact InformationLeisure WorldPO Box 2220Laguna Hills, CA 92654Tel (714) 597-4652


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VILLAGE APARTMENTS, SAN ANSELMO, CA

The recycling in this apartment complex is not the result of the installationof expensive recycling equipment but rather the result of an educationprogram about the environmental and financial benefits of recycling.Recovered items are donated to a thrift store, food bank, dry cleaner, farmers’market, and packaging store. Resulting waste sent to a disposal facility hasbeen reduced by 65 percent (by volume).



Multi-Family Residential

Contact InformationVillage Apartments36 Ross Ave. #9 San Anselmo, CA 94960Tel (415) 459-6370

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DUFFERIN MALL, TORONTO, ONTARIO

The Dufferin Mall recycling program began in 1992. Corrugated cardboard,glass, cans, newspaper, fine paper, polystyrene, and coat hangers arecollected through 64 common area receptacles and specially designedcontainers in the Food Court. Each store in the mall also has a blue box. Pre-consumer food discards are collected from the loading dock of the FoodCourt restaurants and are composted. The Mall is diverting 42 percent of thewaste it generates.

Retail Shopping Complexes

Contact InformationDufferin MallToronto, OntarioTel (416) 532-1152


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PLAZA CAMINO REAL, CARLSBAD, CA

The Plaza Camino Real started recycling in 1993. Currently its recyclingprogram captures cardboard, mixed paper, cans, bottles, green waste,construction metals, fixtures, food discards, and plastics. This 1.12 millionsquare feet enclosed shopping center, with five major department stores and150 specialty shops, has decreased waste by more than 60 percent andsaves more than $42,000 or PhP2,226,000 (at $1.00 : PhP53) in hauling andtipping fees annually.



Retail Shopping Complexes

Contact InformationPlaza Camino Reall2525 El Camino Real,Suite 100Carlsbad, CA 92008TEl (619) 729-6183Fax: (760) 729-0497Email:[email protected]

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The “Green Workplace” program was introduced to Ontario governmentoffices in 1991. This program set waste reduction targets of 35 percent by1992 and 50 percent by 1995. The new Maximum Green Program attemptsto reduce waste by a further 50 percent with the introduction of thefollowing new programs:

a. Recyclable material is source-separated;b. Individual trash cans are removed and replaced with small, desk-top receptacles and a

large centralized trash bin;c. Where possible, food discard collection is established. As of spring 1998, more than 70,000

Ontario Provincial civil servants in 760 buildings recycled approximately 4,326 tons peryear. Some buildings divert 90 percent of their solid waste stream.

Office Buildings

Contact InformationThe Green Workplace900 Bay Street, Room M2-59Toronto, Ontario M7A 1N3Tel (416) 585-7541


THE GREEN WORKPLACE MANAGEMENT BOARD SECRETARIAT, TORONTO, ONTARIO

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WELLINGS & COMPANY, MENLO PARK, CA

Wellings & Company is a full-service accounting firm in Menlo Park, California.The company aggressively recycles as part of its commitment to create a betterenvironment. Waste disposal costs are included in the building lease soWellings reaps no direct benefit from reduced tipping fees because ofrecycling. The company has realized an 80 percent reduction in trash throughrecovery of white and colored papers, newspapers, magazines, cardboard,aluminum cans, glass, and toner cartridges. The company also works to“close the loop” through the purchase of recycled content office products.



Office Buildings

Contact Information770 Menlo Ave., #100Menlo Park, CA 94025Tel (415) 321-0622http://www.wellingscpa.com/bio.htmEmail:[email protected]

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BOSTON PARK PLAZA HOTEL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

The Hotel instituted a comprehensive environmental program in 1991. Ithas recycling programs for cans, bottles, white paper, cardboard, shippingpallets, plastics, and glass. Waste reduction efforts have included eliminatingindividually packaged toiletries in guest rooms, replacing plastic disposabledinnerware with china, glass, and flatware in the employee dining facilities,switching to rechargeable batteries from disposables, and recycling ofprinter cartridges. The hotel also directs an educational program for guests,employees, and vendors to make sure that everyone is involved in waste reduction efforts.

Motels / Hotels

Contact InformationBoston Park Plaza HotelArlington Street at ParkPlaza Boston, MA 02117Tel (617) 457-2274


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HIGHLANDS INN CARMEL, CALIFORNIA

The Highlands Inn and Pacific’s Edge Restaurant strives to be a green hotel.In the past year, the hotel has maintained 100 percent room waste recycling.Waste reduction is also hotel-wide in the offices and restaurant. In additionto recycling, the hotel and reduced hauling costs by chipping its landscapewaste and using it, saving $4,000 or PhP212,000 (at $1.00 : PhP 53) annually.



Motels / Hotels

Contact InformationHighlands InnPO Box 1700Carmel, CA 93921Tel (408) 624-3801

ITT SHERATON HOTELS & RESORTS WAIKIKI, HAWAII

The ITT Sheraton Hotels and Resorts group operates the largest recyclingprogram in the Hawaii hotel industry. The hotels recycle corrugatedcardboard, paper, and glass. Food discards are either donated to charitableorganizations or sent to farmers. In their resource conservation program,the hotels also buy from local producers and buy recycled materialswhen possible.

Motels / Hotels

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Contact InformationTel (808) 922-4422http://[email protected]

122



AUTRY MUSEUM OF WESTERN HERITAGE LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

The museum’s recycling program recovers traditionally recovered items andunique items such as trees and waste water. Trash pick-up has beenreduced from five times a week to just once. The money raised fromrecycling is used to fund an employee recreation program.

Recreational and Cultural Facilities

Contact InformationAutry Museum of WesternHeritage4700 Western Heritage WayLos Angeles, CA 90027-1462Tel (213) 667-2000


DEL MAR FAIRGROUNDS DEL MAR, CALIFORNIA

The Del Mar Fairgrounds hosts more than 200 events a year including a three-week Del Mar County fair and the 49 day Del Mar Race Meet. In 1995, DelMar Fairgrounds estimated a waste reduction rate of 86 percent. This wasachieved through aggressive programs to recycle (aluminum, cardboard,white paper, concrete/asphalt, glass, metal, mixed paper, newsprint, plastics,animal bedding, wood) and compost (landscape trimmings, food discards).Source reduction activities at Del Mar include using electronic mail, refillingprinter toner cartridges, using double-sided copying, and reusing shippingand storing supplies. The financial benefit of this waste reduction program was calculatedto be $863,976 in avoided disposal fees and revenue from material sales.


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Contact InformationDel Mar Fairgrounds2260 Jimmy DuranteBoulevardDel Mar, CA 92014-2216Tel (619) 755-1161Fax (619) 755-7820

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SAN DIEGO WILD ANIMAL PARK SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA

The San Diego Wild Animal Park works to preserve not just endangered plantsand animals but also their habitats. The Park reduces the use of naturalresources derived from wild areas such as trees, mined ore, and water. ThePark’s staff practices wise use of office supplies, recycles containers and paperproducts, and composts huge amounts of organic waste. Park visitors canuse recycling containers located throughout the facility. Waste disposed atlandfills represents only four percent of the Park’s waste stream. This savesover $1 million or PhP53 million (at $1.00 : PhP53) in tipping and hauling feeseach year.




Contact InformationBuildings and GroundsSupervisor15500 San Pasqual ValleyRoadEscondido, CA 92027-7017Tel (619) 738-5054

125



GEORGIA DIAGNOSTIC AND CLASSIFICATION CENTER JACKSON, GA

The Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center, a 1,600-inmate facility, waschosen as a solid waste management pilot project for the GeorgiaDepartment of Corrections in 1992. The facility implemented a combinationof recycling and composting to reduce the waste it sent to the landfill. Thecompost program combines food scraps from the prison kitchen withlocal yard trimmings and cardboard. The compost is then used to enhancesoil at Corrections farm operations. Monthly trips to the landfill have beenreduced from 13 to three; waste costs at the facility have dropped 63percent. Because the pilot project at this facility has been so successful, theGeorgia Department of Corrections has expanded the program to othercorrectional facilities.

Government Facilities

Contact InformationVice PresidentCommunityEnvironmentalManagement, Inc.770 Wesley Drive, NWAtlanta, GA 30305TEl (404) 355-8770Fax (404) 355-8799http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/default.html


126

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS

The Department of Corrections began its composting project in 1990. In1997, 47 sites were composting 6,200 tons per year, or 90 percent of theirfood discards. In addition, cotton from used mattresses is used as abulking agent in the compost. The facilities also recycle corrugatedcardboard, office and computer paper, newsprint, bi-metal cans, plasticcontainers, and styrofoam. Participating facilities recycle, includingcompost, 80 percent of their solid waste.



Government Facilities

Contact InformationNew York State EasternCorrectional FacilitySullivan, NYTel (914) 647-1653www.docs.state.ny.ushttp://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food7.pdf

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SAINT JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER FORT WAYNE, INDIANA

The Saint Joseph Medical Center has achieved an 80 percent reduction inwaste through source reduction and recycling. The Medical Centereliminated the use of single use food service items and instituted electronicoffice procedures. Recycled materials include cardboard, plastics, glass,aluminum, bi-metal cans, paper, and X-ray film.

Health Care Facilities

Contact InformationSaint Joseph MedicalCenterFort Wayne, INTel (616) 457-2413


128



MAD RIVER BREWING COMPANY BLUE LAKE, CA

Mad River Brewing Company’s commitment to the principles ofconservation has allowed the company to grow at an annual rate of 50percent a year while reducing its potential solid waste production by 97percent. The company engages in diverse reduction, reuse,remanufacture, and recycling efforts. These efforts have resulted in jobproduction, energy savings, and reduced waste management costs.

Manufacturing

Contact InformationMad River BrewingCompany195 Taylor WayBlue Lake, CA 95525Tel (707) 668-5409http://www.madriverbrewing.com


VIRCO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION CONWAY, ARKANSAS

Eight years ago, Virco manufacturing generated 260 cubic yards of waste aday at its Conway plant. The company has reduced that to only 30 cubic yardsdaily, a reduction of 88 percent. Materials recovered include corrugatedcardboard, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, hydraulic oil, mixed office paper,three types of plastics, foam rubber, tires, batteries, wood scraps, andnewspapers. The company closes the loop by purchasing recycled contentitems whenever economically feasible and available. Virco also sponsorsrecycling programs with many area schools. In 1994 Virco won the prestigiousNRC Fred Schmitt Award for Outstanding Corporate Leadership.

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Contact InformationVirco ManufacturingCorp.Highway 65, SouthP.O.Box 5000Conway, AR 72032(501)329-2901http://www.virco.com/Pages/set7.htm

130



JC PENNEY CATALOG FULFILLMENT CENTER MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT

The JC Penney Manchester Catalog Fulfillment Center, which began its recyclingefforts in 1982, is currently diverting 87 percent of its potential waste. The facilityrecycles 13 items (eight mandated by the state: white office paper, glass andmetal food containers, newspapers, scrap metal, leaves, crankcase oil, andstorage batteries. Five additional items: low-density plastics, polystyrene,pallets, catalogs, and magazines.) The Center also incorporates recycling into

all maintenance and construction projects, buys many recycled content supplies, and hasenvironmental action council monitors who constantly work to maintain and upgrade therecycling program.

Wholesalers

Contact InformationJC Penney CatalogueFulfillment CenterManchester, CTTel (680) 647-4280


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MINNESOTA POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY, TIRE RECOVERY PROGRAM

In 1990 the state began giving grants to clean up tire piles and spurdevelopment of markets for used tires. Since then, 14 million tires have beencleaned up from 320 sites. Currently, the Minnesota Pollution ControlAgency estimates that 98 percent of all scrap tires generated in Minnesotaare handled through the state’s management and recycling system.Seventy-five percent of these are used as tire-derived fuel. The remainderare processed into crumb rubber, used as fill material in road and building projects, or usedin livestock and agricultural applications.

Specific Waste Streams

Contact InformationWebsitehttp://www.pca.state.mn.us/industry/ts-links.html#tires


132

DEL MAR FAIRGROUNDS, DEL MAR, CALIFORNIA

In 1996 Del Mar Fairgrounds, a 375-acre site, diverted 38 tons, orapproximately 75 percent of its food discards from landfill. The fairgroundsachieved this through a comprehensive waste reduction program thatincludes off-site composting of food discards from its annual 20-day fair(1996 attendance was over 1 million), vermin-composting of food discardsfrom its Satellite Wagering Facility, and sending used cooking oil to arendering company. Vendors at the fair are contractually required toparticipate in the waste reduction program. In 1996, Del Mar Fairgroundsrealized a net savings of $17 to $23 or PhP901 to PhP1,219 per toncomposted.




Contact InformationConcessions CoordinatorDel Mar Fairgrounds22nd District AgriculturalAssociationConcessions DepartmentP.O. Box 2668Del Mar, CA 92014Tel (619) 792-4218 Fax (619) 792-4236http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food1.pdf

FLETCHER ALLEN HEALTH CARE

As part of a total waste reduction program, the Medical Center Hospitalof Vermont (MCHV) Campus of Fletcher Allen Health Care deliversapproximately 90 percent of its food preparation scraps and steam tableleftovers, 90 tons in 1997, to an off-site composting facility. Hospitalkitchen staff at the 585-bed facility prepare 4,000 meals a day for cafeteriapatrons and patients. The hospital housekeeping staff ’s waste teamcollects food discards Monday through Friday and takes them to a farmwhere they are windrow composted. In turn, the hospital receives organicproduce at wholesale prices from the farm. A rendering company picks upused kitchen grease. Fletcher Allen also donates edible fruit and vegetablesto a local food bank. As one of 6,000 hospitals in the United States, whichin total produce one to two percent of the country’s solid waste, FletcherAllen Health Care staff regard composting as part of the hospital’s missionto provide for the health of the community.


133



Contact InformationWaste SpecialistOffice of CommunityHealth Improvementc/o Fletcher Allen HealthCare Community HealthImprovementUHC Campus Arnold 4410Burlington, VT 05401Tel (802) 660-2825http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food2.pdf

134

FROST VALLEY YMCA, CLARYVILLE, NEW YORK

In the late 1980s, as waste disposal costs steadily rose, Frost Valley soughtalternatives to landfilling its waste. When a waste assessment found foodto be the greatest contributor to the waste stream, Frost Valley decidedto implement a composting program. This 6,000-acre residentialeducational and recreational facility in the Catskill Mountains now composts100 percent of the food discards from its kitchen and dining room. From1990—when Frost Valley began its comprehensive waste reductionprogram—to 1997, the facility reduced its total solid waste by 53 percent(by weight). Through food recovery, Frost Valley now realizes a net savingsof $5,200 annually and provides a unique educational opportunity tothousands of visitors per year.




Contact InformationExecutive Director forPrograms2000 Frost Valley RoadClaryville, NY 12725Tel (914) 985-2291Fax (914) 985-0056http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food3.pdf

GREEN WORKPLACE PROGRAM ONTARIO, CANADA

In 1991, the Government of Ontario created the Green Workplace Program(GWP) to facilitate waste reduction, resource conservation, andenvironmentally responsible purchasing in provincial facilities. As anintegral part of the GWP’s waste reduction programs, composting divertedapproximately 1,500 metric tons (1,650 U.S. tons) of food discards fromlandfills in fiscal year 1996. Seventy percent of pre- and post-consumerfood discards from four correctional facilities and three governmentoffice buildings and restaurants are composted. Staff and clients from alocal detention center collect food discards and bring them to an in-vessel composter at the Ontario Science Center. The Toronto ParksDepartment uses finished compost instead of buying fertilizer.


135



Contact InformationManager The Green WorkplaceProgramOntario Realty Corporation777 Bay Street, 15th Flr.Toronto, Ontario M5G 2E5,CanadaTel (416) 585-7541Fax (416) 585-6681http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food4.pdf

136

MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE, VERMONT

Middlebury College (student population 2,000) has been compostingsince 1993. In 1996, it composted approximately 288 tons (an estimated75 percent of the college’s total food discards) from its five dining halls andthree snack bars. The college composts both pre- and post-consumerfood discards as well as waxed cardboard in on-site aerated static piles.Middlebury also composts food discards from special events. In 1996,composting cost the college $42 or PhP2,226 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per ton,including trucking, labor, fuel, and supplies. Recycling other materialscost $145 or PhP7,685 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per ton; trash, $137 or PhP7,261(at $1.00 : PhP53). As a result of its high food recovery rate, Middleburyrealized a net savings of $27,000 or PhP1,431,000 (at $1.00 : PhP 53) in 1996.




Contact InformationEnvironmental CoordinatorService BuildingMiddlebury CollegeMiddlebury, VT 05753Tel (802) 443-5043Fax (802) 443-5753http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food6.pdf

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONAL SERVICES, NEW YORK

In fiscal year 1997, inmates and staff of 47 correctional facilities in theNew York Department of Correctional Services (DOCS) composted6,200 tons, representing 90 percent of their food discards. They collectdining room leftovers and kitchen preparation scraps for windrowcomposting. Thirty facilities have on-site windrows; inmates in 17facilities haul their discards to one of these 30 sites. Three facilitiesoffer technical training in composting to inmates. DOCS uses finishedcompost in inmate horticulture programs and prison landscaping, andprovides neighboring communities with free compost as a communityservice. The composting program allows DOCS to save an average of $91or PhP4,823 (at $1.00 : PhP53) per ton on disposal costs. In fiscal year1997, the 47 facilities realized a net savings of $564,200 or PhP29,902,600(at $1.00 : PhP53) in avoided disposal costs.


137



Contact InformationResource ManagementDirectorNY State Department ofCorrectional ServicesEastern Correctional Facility601 Berne Rd.Napanoch, NY 12458TEl (914) 647-1653http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food7.pdf

138

From June 1996 through August 1997, the San Francisco ProduceRecycling Program donated and composted 1,500 tons of food. As offall 1997, over 40 businesses participated in this program, a collaborativeeffort among government agencies and private companies in andaround San Francisco. The program recovers both edible and non-edible produce discards from the San Francisco Produce Terminal andfrom area supermarkets. The San Francisco Food Bank collects anaverage of 60 tons of food a month and distributes the edible food, over37 tons per month, to member service agencies. A local farmer takesthe remaining non-edible produce, which he uses as animal feed or sellsto other farmers. Since August 1996, non-edible produce that the Food

Bank does not collect has been windrow composted at a nearby composting facility.




Contact InformationOrganics Recycling CoodinatorSolid Waste ManagementProgram1145 Market Street,Suite 410San Francisco, CA 94121Tel (415) 554-3423http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food8.pdf

SAN FRANCISCO PRODUCE RECYCLING PROGRAM, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

SHOP RITE SUPERMARKETS, NEW JERSEY

Since 1995, 25 of the New Jersey Shop Rite Supermarkets have composted80 percent, or 3,000 tons per year, of their organics discards. The storescompost floral and produce trimmings and spoils, out-of-date bakeryitems, old seafood, soiled paper products, food spills, and out-of-datedairy and deli products. Typically, staff in each department collectcompostables in waxed corrugated cardboard boxes and put the wholebox in an on-site compactor. A hauling company takes the compactedorganics to a composting site where they are ground with yard trimmingsand windrow composted. The nutrient-rich finished compost is screenedto remove contaminants and sold to farmers, golf courses, and peopleinvolved in land reclamation. Through diversion, each store avoids $15,000-$40,000 or PhP795,000 to PhP2,120,000 (at $1.00 : PhP53) in disposalcosts per year, depending on store size and location.


139



Contact InformationManagerEnvironmental AffairsWakefern Foods Corp/ShopRite Supermarkets33 NorthfieldAvenueEdison, NJ 08818Tel (908) 906-5083http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/food/food9.pdf

CHAPTER5REFERENCES AND TOOLS


CHAPTER 5❙ STUDY TOUR SITES

There are already a number of LGUs, communities, businesses, and CSOs that are successfullyapplying solid waste management. The Solid Waste Management Association of the Philippines(SWAPP) has suggested these study tour sites. Interested LGUs may visit these identified sites toexpand their know-how.

REFERENCES AND TOOLS

Batangas City

Pandacan Shell PetroleumCorporation

Garbage Recovery Program,Zero Waste Management,Garbage Recycling Project, SolidWaste Management CampaignProject

Technical and CapabilityBuilding Training, Informationand Education Campaign,Provision of Facilities andEquipments, Waste

Collection, Sorting, Processingand Recovery, and Disposal

Executive Assistant/Designated City ENROTel (043) 723-8844Fax (043) 723-1558

Pilipinas Shell PetroleumCorporationPandacan Installation, ManilaTel (02) 563-3156

IMPLEMENTOR / SITE AREAS OF INTEREST CONTACT/S

L U Z O N

144



Barangay GuadalupeNuevo, Makati City

The Twin Towers, AyalaAvenue, Makati City

The Shell House Building,Ayala, Makati City

The Urdaneta Apartments,Makati City

Ayala Life – FGU Center,Makati City

Recycling

Waste Segregation,Composting, Collection

Waste Segregation, Collectionand Disposal

Waste Segregation, WasteCollection and Disposal

Segregation and SystematicWaste Collection

SWM OfficerMMDA-SIDA-Jaakko PoyryTel (02) 882-0902

Barangay Project CoordinatorBrgy. Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati CityTel: (02) 883-1771 or 72

Building AdministratorThe Makati Twin TowersAyala Avenue, Makati CityTel (02) 813-3035 / 843-9132

Shell House Building156 Valero St., Salcedo Vill, Makati CityTel (02) 814-6313

Building AdministratorThe Urdaneta ApartmentsAyala Avenue cor. EDSATel (02) 844-5319

Building AdministratorAyala Life – FGU Center6811 Ayala Avenue cor. EDSATel (02) 728-0170 /729-7040 /887-1812


145

REFERENCES AND TOOLS 5


Forbes Park, Makati City

Barangay Sun Valley,Paranaque City

Brgy. Ugong, Pasig City

Sagip Pasig Movement(SPM), Pasig City

Miriam Public Educationand Awareness Campaignfor the Environment(PEACE)

Composting, Segregating,Recycling and Garden WasteManagement

Composting

Waste Segregation, Recycling

Segregation, Composting, andRecycling

Recycling, Segregation, andComposting

Gardener18 Ipil Road, Barangay Forbes Park,Makati City

Barangay ChairmanBrgy. Sun Valley, Paranaque CityTel (02) 823-0230

Barangay CaptainUgong Hall, F. Legaspi St., Ugong PasigTel (046) 416-4479Fax (046) 416-4481

Executive Director2/F Far East Bank Building 3, Muralla St., Intramuros, ManilaTel (02) 527-4339Fax (02) 527-4186Email [email protected]

PresidentMiriam CollegeKatipunan Avenue, Diliman, Quezon CityTel (02) 920-5093/ 435-9240 loc. 348Fax (02) 920-5093Email [email protected]


146



Golden Egg Farm, Silang,Cavite

Cavite AluminiumRecycling, Trece MartirezCity, Cavite

Bureau of Plant Industry,Los Banos, Laguna

Emilio AguinaldoMemorial Hospital, TreceMartirez City, Cavite

Rodriguez, Rizal

Composting of Chicken Manure

Recycling

Vermicomposting

Eco-Center, Recycling,Composting, Hospital WasteManagement

Controlled Waste DisposalFacility

Golden Egg FarmBarangay Balubad, Silang, CaviteMobile 0917-9770988

Cavite Aluminum Recycling PlantBarangay Orsorio, Trece Martirez City, CaviteTel (046) 419-2287Fax (046) 419-2307

Bureau of Plant IndustryLos Baños, Laguna

Provincial Health OfficerProvincial Health OfficeEmilio Aguinaldo Memorial HospitalTrece Martires City, CaviteTel (046) 419-0124

Municipal MayorRodriguez, RizalTel (02) 649-1187Fax: (02) 941-6785


147



Antipolo City

International Rice ResearchInstitute

Clark Field, Pampanga

Controlled Waste DisposalFacility

Recycling, Segregation,Hazardous Waste Management

Sanitary Landfill

HeadLandfill Project Rodriguez, RizalTel (02) 649-1187Fax: (02) 941-6785

MayorAntipolo CityTel/Fax (02) 697-1021

HeadCity Environment OfficeAntipolo CityTel/Fax (02) 697-1021

The Deputy DirectorIRRI, Los Banos, Laguna

Field OfficerMetro Clark Waste ManagementCorporationClark , PampangaTel/Fax: (045)599-6317/18


148



Pasig-Mangahan MaterialRecovery Facility

Los Banos, Laguna

Quezon City MemorialCircle

Recycling, Material RecoveryFacility

Collection, SWM Ordinance

Recycling, Composting

EVP and COOBasic Environmental Systems andTechnologies8/F Ortigas Bldg., Ortigas Avenue, Pasig CityTel (02) 633-4372Fax (02) 633-4143

Municipal MayorLos Banos, LagunaTel (049) 536-0050 / 536-827-0583

Quezon City Parks DevelopmentFoundation, Inc.Quezon Memorial CircleTel (02) 924-3395

Zero Waste Recycling Movement ofthe PhilippinesBrgy. Ugong, PasigTel 671-4071

OwnerConstant BatteriesTel (02) 363-8832


149



Siliman University MedicalCenter

Bais City

Province of Negros Oriental

Waste Segregation, BarrierPrecautions, Pretreatment ofWastes, Waste Collection,Transport, and Disposal

Waste Collection and Disposal

Waste Management in CoastalResource Management

ENRO2nd Floor, City Hall, Dumaguete CityTel (035) 225-3066

ENROCity Hall, Bais City

ENRMDCapitol Area, Dumaguete CityTel (035) 422-6985Fax (035) 225-5563


V I S A Y A S

150



Misamis Oriental

Dipolog City

Bislig City, Surigao del Sur

Davao City

Waste Segregation, Collection

Sanitation and Waste Collection

Schools and Offices Waste PaperRecycling

Composting

Provincial AdministratorProvince of Misamis OrientalTel (08822) 729-898Fax (08822) 721-112

Program Action OfficerCity Health OfficeDipolog CityTel (065) 212-3400

City MayorBislig City, Surigao del SurTel (086) 853-6089

City Planning and DevelopmentCoordinatorTel (086) 853-2452Fax (086) 853-5355Email [email protected]

Davao City ENROCity AdministratorTel (082) 224-2028 / 228-2029 / 227-4526


M I N D A N A O

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Maitum, Sarangani

Garden City of Samal Island

Kibawe, Bukidnon

Waste Segregation andRecycling

Segregation, Recycling, IEC

“Operation Pulot Basura”,Collection, Disposal

Officer-In-ChargeCENRODavao CityTel (082) 227-2655Fax (082) 225-0744

Municipal MayorMaitum, Sarangani Province

City MayorGarden City of Samal IslandFax (082) 227-0964

City General Services OfficerGSO, IGaCoSTel 0917-7008826Fax (082) 227-0964

Municipal MayorKibawe, Bukidnon


152

❙ REFERENCES

◗ BOOKS

Bureau of Environment. Environment Protection in Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolitan Government, March2000.

Clemente, Abel R. Zero Waste Disposal “Walang Basurang Itatapon”: Conceptual Framework on SolidWaste Management Vol. I, Series I. Ecology Learning Center for Waste Management. Manila, 1997.

Development Academy of the Philippines, DENR-EMB, and SIRD. Sourcebook on CommunityResource Management for Sustainable Development. April 1995.

DENR-Environmental Management Bureau. Solid Waste Management for Local Governments, 2ndEdition. Manila. 1998.

Haan, Hans Christian, et. al. Municipal Solid Waste Management: Involving Micro- and SmallEnterprises – Guidelines for Municipal Managers. n.p. ,1998.

International Environmental Technology Centre/United Nations Environment Programme(IETC/UNEP). International Source Book on Environmentally-Sound Technologies for Municipal SolidWaste Management. Book 6 of Technical Publication Series. n.p. ,1996.

International Environmental Technology Centre/United Nations Environment Programme(IETC/UNEP). Training Needs in Utilizing Environmental Technology Assessment (ETA) for Decision-Making. Book 1 of Technical Publication Series. n.p., 1995.

Lardinois, Inge and Christine Furedy. Source Separation of Household Waste Materials: Analysis ofCase Studies from Pakistan, the Philippines, India, Brazil, Argentina and the Netherlands. Book 7 of UrbanWaste Series. 1999.



153

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Environment of Sweden. A Swedish-Asian Forum on the Futureof Asia’s Urban Environment. n.p. , November 2000.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Waste Management: TheSwedish Experience. 1999.

Pacific Consultants International. Main Report 1 (Main Report) in The Study on Solid Waste Managementfor Metro Manila in the Republic of the Philippines. Final Report. March 1999.

Papa, Ana V. and Jose C. Papa. From Waste to Wealth: On Reducing, Recycling, Composting, Landfilling,and Other Means of Managing Garbage in Barangays. Manila: Mary Jo Publishing House, Inc., 1998.

Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines. Plastics & the Environment. Manila, July 2000.

Solid Waste Association of North America. Compendium of Solid Waste Management Terms andDefinitions. September 1991.

Solid Waste Association of North America. Part 1 – Case Study on Improved Routing in GettingMore or (for?) Less: Cost Cutting Collection Strategies. City of Charlotte, North Carolina. , 1998.

Texas Water Commission. Municipal Solid Waste Groundwater Protection Cost Study. November 1992.

US Environmental Protection Agency. An Analysis of Composting as an Environmental RemediationTechnology. April 1998.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Best Practices for EPA’s International Capacity-BuildingPrograms. November 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste. November 1993.



154

US Environmental Protection Agency. Collection Efficiency: Strategies for Success. December 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Compost – New Applications for an Age-Old Technology.October 1997.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Criteria for Solid Waste Disposal Facilities: A Guide forOwners/Operators. March 1993.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Catalogue of Hazardous Waste Database Reports. February1993.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Disposal Tips for Home Health Care. November 1993.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Does Your Business Produce Hazardous Waste? Many SmallBusinesses Do. January 1990.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Don’t Throw Away That Food. September 1998.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste Management:A Handbook. September 1997.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Full Cost Accounting in Action: Case Studies of Six Solid WasteManagement Agencies. December 1998.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Getting More for Less: Improving Collection Efficiency.November 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Management of SelectedMaterials in Municipal Solid Waste. September 1998.



155

US Environmental Protection Agency. In Situ. Treatment of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated withChromium, Technical Resource Guide. October 2000.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Managing Used Oil: Advice for Small Businesses. November1996.

US Environmental Protection Agency. National Source Reduction Characterization in the United States.November 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Organic Materials Management Strategies. July 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Park and Recreation Products Containing Recovered Materials.July 1996.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Safer Disposal for Solid Waste: A Quick Reference Guide, 1999Update. 1999.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Safer Disposal for Solid Waste: The Federal Regulations forLandfills. March 1993.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Trash and Climate Change. July 2000.

US Environmental Protection Agency. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Recovery Seminar. July 1999.

Van de Klundert, Arnold, et.al. Integrated Sustainable Waste Management: A Set of Five Tools forDecision-Makers (Experience from the Urban Waste Expertise Programme 1995-2001).

- Nadine Dulac. The Organic Waste Flow in Integrated Sustainable Waste Management. 2001.- Anne Scheinberg. Micro- and Small Enterprises in Integrated Sustainable Waste Management.

2001.



156

- Anne Scheinberg. Financial and Economic Issues in Integrated Sustainable Waste Management.2001.

- Arnold van de Klundert and Justine Anschutz. Integrated Sustainable Waste Management – TheConcept. 2001.

- Maria Muller and Lane Hoffmann. Community Participation in Integrates Sustainable WasteManagement. 2001.

Vogler, Jon. Work From Waste: Recycling Wastes to Create Employment. Great Britain: IntermediateTechnology Publications, Ltd. and Oxfam, 1981.

Waste Management Council of Tokyo 23 Cities. Waste and Recycling Management of Tokyo 23Cities. January 2001.

World Bank Organization. Action Plan for the Development of National Programme for SoundManagement of Hospital Wastes. November 1996.

World Bank Organization. Suggested Guiding Principles and Prectices for the Sound Management ofHazardous Wastes.

World Bank Organization. Survey of Hospital Wastes Management in Southeast Asia Region.September 1995.

World Bank. Solid Waste Ecological Enhancement Project. Sector Assessment Report. May 1998.



157

◗ HANDBOOK/SOURCEBOOK/BROCHURE/PRIMER/SPECIAL REPORTS

The Canadian Construction Association. A Report on Waste Management for the ConstructionIndustry. Canada, August 1992.

Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives, Inc. Basurang Yaman: IsangPraymer. Silang, Cavite, November 1999.

Integrated Solid Waste Management Sourcebook. n.p. : Associates in Rural Development – Governanceand Local Democracy Project (GOLD), n.d.

The Makati Central Business District Solid Waste Management Program. Implementing a SolidWaste Management Program in your Building. Makati, n.d.

Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines. How to Handle Polystyrene Plastic Waste: Apolystyrene plastic waste management primer. Manila, n.d..

Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines. Understanding “Styro” Recycling: Q & A. Manila.

Recycling Movement of the Philippines. Ecological Waste Management Series (for community-wideimplementation, for households, for schools, for offices, for markets). Quezon City: Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources, n.d..

Sabas, Luz E. Handbook on Zero Waste Technology Featuring the “Four-Fs” – Total Recycling Schemefor Domestic Solid Wastes Vol. 1, No. 1 in Zero Waste Management System. Copyright 1992.

Santiago, Lina Araneta. Solid Waste Management for the 21st Century. Malabon, Metro Manila: SaharaHeritage Foundation, Sahara Foundation for Shelter and Environment, and Caritas Manila, Inc., 1993.



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World Bank and the Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program. Mag-Recycle Tayo: A How-To Guide for Recycled Products. Manila: Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1999.

◗ NEWSLETTERS/NEWSPAPERS/MAGAZINES

Balikas: Balitang Kabuhayan, Kalikasan at Pamayanan sa CALABARZON. Babilonia Wilner Foundation.Manila.

Business and Environment. A Publication of the Philippine Business for the Environment. Pasig City.

Industry Environews Vol. 5, No. 3 (December 2001). Environmental Management Bureau-Departmentof Environment and Natural Resources.

MACEA News Vol. 9, No. 2 (Year 2001). Special Issue on Solid Waste Management Program. OfficialPublication of the Makati Commercial Estate Association, Inc. Makati.

SWAPP Notes Vol. 1, No. 1 (November 2000). Official Newsletter of the Solid Waste ManagementAssociation of the Philippines.

Tao-Kalikasan. n.d. Newsletter of Lingkod Tao-Kalikasan (Secretariat for an Ecologically SoundPhilippines, Manila.

Waste Matters Vol. 1, No. 1 (November 2001). Official Publication of the Solid Waste ManagementAssociation of the Philippines, Makati.

◗ OCCASIONAL PAPERS

“Waste Matters: Towards Local Government Excellence in Solid Waste Management”. GOLDTechnical Notes No. 98-01. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998.



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“LGU Solutions and Benefits from Good Integrated Solid Waste Management Practices.”PhilippineEcoGovernance Program: 2001 (Prepared as reference material for the LGU Interactive Assemblies).

“Local Governments and Citizens in Integrated Solid Waste Management.”GOLD Occasional PapersNo. 98-06. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1998.

“Moving Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management.” Local Governance TechnicalNotes 1-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Appraising the Nature of Solid Waste in the Locality.” Local Governance Technical Notes 2-1999. Makati:Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Organizing Joint Action on Integrated Solid Waste Management.” Local Governance Technical Notes3-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Helping Citizens Earn from Solid Waste.” Local Governance Technical Notes 4-1999. Makati:Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Promoting Programs to Convert Solid Waste to Organic Fertilizer.” Local Governance Technical Notes5-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Introducing Measures to Improve Garbage Collection Efficiency.” Local Governance TechnicalNotes 6-1999. Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Improving Dumpsite Operations with Limited Budget.” Local Governance Technical Notes 7-1999.Makati: Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.

“Preparing for a Sanitary Landfill: The First Steps.” Local Governance Technical Notes 8-1999. Makati:Governance and Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, 1999.



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“The Brooke’s Point Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governanceand Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Bustos Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Linamon Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance andLocal Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Maitum Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Marilao Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Metro Dumaguete Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governanceand Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The San Fernando City Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governanceand Local Democracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.

“The Sibulan Solid Waste Management Program.” Practices That Work! Makati: Governance and LocalDemocracy (GOLD) Project, October 1999.



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◗ ARTICLES

Lumbao, Lisa Kircher and Stacy Bonnaffons. “The Garbage Crisis: Everyone’s Responsibility.”Manila Women’s Forum. February 2001.

Aftab, M. P. “Plan for Solid Waste Collection and Disposal.”Municipal Management Issues in South Asia.

VanDoren, Peter M. “Time to Trash Government Intervention in Garbage Service.”Policy Analysis No.331 (January 21, 1999).



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❙ TECHNICAL AND FUNDING ASSISTANCE FOR LGUS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

◗ TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Programs/Projects/InstitutionsPhilippine Environmental Governance Project(EcoGov)US Agency for International Development

Type of Assistance Available to LGUsTechnical assistance to LGUs on three sectors sustainable forest management (SFM), coastalresource management (CRM), integrated solid waste management (ISWM). The project highlightsthe importance of governance elements thus the emphasis given to enhancing the transparency,accountability and participatory decision-making mechanisms in the various planning andimplementation processes. The ISWM component seeks to improve the delivery of services of LGUs.The focus of the assistance will then be on:

1. Strengthening LGUs’ ability to implement ISWM (planning to implementation)2. Improving ISWM systems for procurement and contracting

Participating LGUs will be provided technical assistance, which will include training, cross visits, andtechnical advice. Local service providers will be tapped to provide LGUs with the requiredassistance.

Requirements/Availment ProcedureThe project is limited to the following regions:Mindanao: ARMM, Region 9, Region 12 and Lanao del Norte. Visayas: Central VisayasLuzon: Northeastern Luzon



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LGUs are invited to attend Interactive Assemblies on the different themes. Interested LGUs are tosubmit a Letter of Interest, clearly indicating the particular sector of their interest and theircommitment to provide counterpart resources.

Recycling Movement of the Philippines, Inc.Training and information services on waste management systems especially on biogas productionand composting.

Executive DirectorRMPI21 Sao Paulo St.Better Living Subdivision, Paranaque City, Metro ManilaTel. (02) 824-1117

Phil. Recyclers, Inc.Assistance in organizing a Balik-Baterya collection station; buys junk batteries for recycling in itsplant.

Liaison OfficerTel 711-2220, 711-2236, 711-2262

Philippine Business for the EnvironmentEnvironment information (for business and industry); environmental technology referral; trainingand publications

Executive DirectorG/F DAP, San Miguel Ave.Pasig CityTel 635-3670, 635-2650Fax 631-5714



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Pollution Control Association of the Philippines

PresidentRms. 245-247, Cityland Pioneer, Pioneer St., Mandaluyong City

Philippine Pollution Prevention Roundtable

PresidentPPPR1901-A West Tower, Tektite Towers, Phil. Stock Exchange Center, Ortigas Center, Pasig CityTel 637-9537, 638-5070 to 72Email: [email protected]

Ecological Society of the Philippines (ESP)

Executive Director53 Tamarind Road, Forbes Park, Makati CityTel 631-7351 to 56631-7357 (Fax)




ENDNOTES

1 Based on input from Todd R. Pepper, General Manager of the Essex-Windsor Solid Waste Authority.Mr. Pepper is involved in a solid waste management project in Olongapo on behalf of the Cityof Windsor. Windsor and Olongapo are partners in the FCM International Partnership Programwhich links Canadian and Filipino cities for them to work on common municipal governance issues.This program is funded by CIDA.

2 Governance and Local Democracy Project, Final Report, Associates in Rural Development. SolidWaste Management Manuals and Workbooks (2001).

3 Governance and Local Democracy Project, Final Report, Associates in Rural Development. The LocalGovernance Technical Notes: Moving Towards Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management,Notes 1 (October 1999).

swm - sd with impact

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