ASeminar Report

On

Practical Training Taken

At

In partial fulfillment for the award of degree B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Session 2010-11

Applications Group - Develops software for Carriers such as digital home management and rich

media applications and for Enterprises to enable deployment of applications to transform their

customer service capabilities.

Networks Group - Telecommunications products for wire line, wireless and convergent service

providers.

Enterprise and Strategic Industries Group - Provides enterprises with communications solutions

such as unified communications and contact centers, IP telephony, performance management

software and security solutions.

Services Group - Offers professional telecommunications services to carriers that encompass the

entire network lifecycle.

INTRODUCTIONAlcatel-Lucent is a global telecommunications corporation. It has operations in 130 countries.

• JV manage Airtel’s migration to next generation networks to offer advanced services

like high-speed internet, triple play, media-rich VAS, MPLS, VPN for both retail and

business customers

•  First managed services partnership for broadband and telephone services in India

• Under the joint venture, Alcatel-Lucent will design, plan, deploy, optimize

and manage Bharti Airtel’s broadband and telephone network across India.

Bharti Airtel and Alcatel-Lucent managed services joint

venture for broadband and telephone services : ALNMSI

Paris and New Delhi, April 30, 2009 -

Telecommunication

• It refers to information (like-Signals, Images, Data, Voice etc)

between any two points via a medium(like-Copper wire, Cable,

Directional radio links, Satellites, Optical fiber etc).

Communications – activity associated with distributing or exchanging information

TELEPHONY - refers to the exchange of speech / voice information between subscribers connected by pairs of wire.

Science of translating sound into electrical signals

Classification of Telecommunication

• Transmission – transfer of speech and signaling information

- unrestricted propagation

- restricted propagation

• Switching – establishes a connection between two points

- connection

- signaling

Telecom System

• The basic problem– Telephones introduced in late-1800’s.– Initially each telephone was directly connected to

another site.• This led to an explosion of direct connections (n*(n-1)/2)

• This lead to the need to “switch” the connections.

• Over the years many different ways to request (or “signal”) a certain endpoint

– Voice commands to live operator– Rotary dial– Touch tone

Switch

Contd..

• And many different ways to make the desired connections– Electromechanical methods– Computer controlled systems

• All have the goal of connecting two parties together so that they can communicate

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

Traffic Flow

Contd..

Telecom Networks

How can communication be established ?

-In same locality -> in app. Geographical location

-In different localities -> in form of network

Thus the infrastructure including all the hardware & software

allowing the interconnection of users for exchange of

information is called the Telecom Network.

SWITCH A

SWITCH C

SWITCH B

SWITCH D

Trunks And Subscriber Lines

Users

Users

Users

Users

The simple telephone set consists of:

• Hook switch or Cradle switch• Dialing equipment• Speech Circuit with a Microphone and Receiver• Bell

TRANSMISSION

Transfer of speech & signaling information from one point on the network to another.

Transmission System

• Single Channel • Multi Channel

Multiplexing

• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) L1

L2

L3

R1

R2

R3Switch 1 Switch 2

Transmission Media –

• Metallic Cables – paired cable & coaxial cable.• Directional Radio Links.• Communication Satellites.• Optical Fibers.

Among these optical fiber have several advantages as follows –• Light in weight & flexible.• It is insensitive to magnetic field interface.• Very high Bandwidth.• Minimum loss – large distance between repeaters.• Immunity to noise and cross talk.

Transmission equipments

•Repeaters•Line terminal equipment•Multiplexers•Optical Digital terminal•Radio relay antenna

SWITCHING

Switching Techniques

• SPACE SWITCHING

• TIME SWITCHING

• COMBINATION SWITCHING

Switching between one link to another link Technique of interchanging of information at different time slot

- Increases switching capacity

Switching System

Composed of elements that perform switching, control & switching functions.

Functions of a switching system :-

1. Attending2. Information receiving3. Information processing4. Busy testing

5. Interconnection6. Alerting7. Supervision8. Information sending

Classification of switching system :

SWITCHING SYSTEM

Manual Automatic

Electromechanical Electronic

Director Strowger CrossExchange system bar

Time division Space divisionswitching switching

Manual Exchanges – The operator controls the entire call processing function

An electromechanical exchange that performs the switching function in as step by step fashion

Automatic Exchanges –

Strowger switching system was the first automatic switching system developed in 1889.

Two types of selectors:-• Uni-selector• Two motion selector

Switching and SignalingSwitching and Signaling

In the example above, phone A dials phone B. SSP A sends an IAM over the A-Link to the STP. STP A then forwards it on to STP B, which routes it to SSP B according to the information in the IAM. SSP B then determines the status of Phone B and the availability of a vacant Voice Trunk before sending signaling back to SSP A to complete the voice portion of the call. Ringing is then applied to the Phone B and audible ringing is sent to Phone A.

In the example above, phone A dials phone B. SSP A sends an IAM over the A-Link to the STP. STP A then forwards it on to STP B, which routes it to SSP B according to the information in the IAM. SSP B then determines the status of Phone B and the availability of a vacant Voice Trunk before sending signaling back to SSP A to complete the voice portion of the call. Ringing is then applied to the Phone B and audible ringing is sent to Phone A.

STP Pair ‘A’

SSPA

SSPB

STP Pair ‘B’

Voice Trunks

A-LinksB or D Links

AB

CALL SETUP

EXAMPLE #1Signaling Network

C- Link

ALCATEL SWITCHING SYSTEM: ALCATEL-1000 E10

At the heart of evolving networks, meeting the needs of fixed telephone services, adapting to the booming mobile phone market and responding to the phenomenal growth of the internet

Multiservice switch, which brings together all these applications.

Also known as Multifunction switch.

ALCATEL 1000E10

Functions supported by Alcatel switch

It offers a wide range of innovative conventional telephone services at the heart of switched networks.

Regional and National Transit

Local Telephony

-> Ideal platform for offering the widest range of services for residential subscribers

International Transit -> Supports complex international telecommunications network architectures using:

− international gateway,

− sub-marine links,

− access to communication satellites.

Mobile Phone

• Provide Global System for Mobile, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication and satellite network mobility services.

Intelligent Network (IN)

-> Supports the introduction.

•Network archt. for both fixed as well as mobile telecom n/w.

Centrex Networking

Where businesses expect cost effective, efficient services for in-house communications

Signaling transfer point (STP)

->increases the capacity of the network it is added to.

->This add-on is indispensable in case of heavy traffic for intelligent network or mobile network calls.

ALCATEL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Alcatel switching system 1000 E10:

Main Control station (SMC)

Auxiliary Equipment Control Station (SMA)

Trunk Control Station (SMT 2G)

Matrix Control Station (SMX)

Synchronization And Time Base Station (STC)

Token Ring

Maintenance Multiprocessor Station (SMM)

THANK YOU….

QUERIES???