swiching & routing
DESCRIPTION
SWICHING & ROUTING. Course Content. C ontent. Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model. Exploring the Packet Delivery Process. Understanding the TCP/IP Internet Layer. Understanding WAN Technologies. Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model. Building a Simple Network. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-1
SWICHING & ROUTING
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-2
Course Content
Chapter Contents Theory LAB
0 Overview
1 Cisco IOS and SDM (Security Device Manager) 3 0
2 Virtual LAN 6 0
3 Layer 2 Switching and Spanning Tree Protocol 6 0
4 Distance Vector Routing Protocol 6 0
5 Enhanced IGRP and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 6 0
6 IP Adress & IP Security 3 0
7 Lab 0 30 TOTAL 30 30
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-3
Content
Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model
Exploring the Packet Delivery Process
Understanding the TCP/IP Internet Layer
Understanding WAN Technologies
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-4
Building a Simple Network
Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-5
Understanding Host-to-Host Communications
Older model– Proprietary (sở hữu riêng)– Application and combinations software controlled by one
vendor Standards-based model
– Multivendor software– Layered approach
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Why a Layered Network Model?
Reduces complexity Standardizes interfaces Facilitates modular engineering Ensures interoperable
technology Accelerates evolution Simplifies teaching and learning
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-12
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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The Seven Layers of the OSI Model (Cont.)
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Data Encapsulation
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Data De-Encapsulation
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Peer-to-Peer Communication
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Defines four layers Uses different names for Layers 1
through 3 Combines Layers 5 through 7 into
single application layer
TCP/IP Stack
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TCP/IP Stack vs. the OSI Model
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Building a Simple Network
Exploring the Packet Delivery Process
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Layer 1 Devices
Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding. Examples:
– Ethernet– Serial– Repeater– Physical interface of the NIC
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Layer 2 Devices
Layer 2 devices provide an interface with the physical media. Examples:
– NIC– Bridge– Switch
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Layer 2 Addressing
MAC address Assigned to end devices
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Layer 3 Devices and Their Function
The network layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems.
In the host, this is the path between the data link layer and the upper layers of the NOS.
In the router, it is the actual path across the network.
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Layer 3 Addressing
Each NOS has its own Layer 3 address format. OSI uses an NSAP. TCP/IP uses IP.
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Building a Simple Network
Understanding the TCP/IP Internet Layer
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Internet Protocol Characteristics
Operates at network layer of OSI Connectionless protocol Packets treated independently Hierarchical addressing Best-effort delivery No data-recovery features
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Why IP Addresses?
They uniquely identify each device on an IP network. Every host (computer, networking device, peripheral) must have
a unique address. Host ID:
– Identifies the individual host– Is assigned by organizations to individual devices
Network.Host
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IP PDU Header
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IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation
The binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary conversion will be detailed later
in this course.
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IP Address Classes: The First Octet
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IP Address Ranges
*127 (01111111) is a Class A address reserved for loopback testing and cannot be assigned to a network.
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Reserved Address
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Public IP Addresses
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Private IP Addresses
Class Private Address Range
A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255
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DHCP
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Application specified in the TCP/IP suite A way to translate human-readable names into IP addresses
DNS
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UDP Header
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TCP Characteristics
Transport layer of the TCP/IP stack Access to the network layer for applications Connection-oriented protocol Full-duplex mode operation Error checking Sequencing of data packets Acknowledgement of receipt Data-recovery features
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TCP Header
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File transfer– FTP – TFTP – Network File System
E-mail– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Remote login– Telnet – rlogin
Network management– Simple Network Management
Protocol Name management
– Domain Name System
TCP/IP Application Layer Overview
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Mapping Layer 3 to Layer 4
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Mapping Layer 4 to Applications
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Establishing a Connection
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Three-Way Handshake
CTL = Which control bits in the TCP header are set to 1
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Flow Control
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TCP Acknowledgment
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Fixed Windowing
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TCP Sliding Windowing
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TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers
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WAN Connections
Understanding WAN Technologies
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Wide-Area Network
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Need for WANs
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WANs vs. LANs
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WAN Access and the OSI Reference Model
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WAN Devices
Routers Terminal servers Modems DSU/CSU WAN networking devices
– ATM switches– Frame Relay switches– PSTN
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Physical Layer: WANs
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Serial Point-to-Point Connections
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WAN—Multiple LANs
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WAN Data-Link Protocols
HDLC PPP Frame Relay (LAPF) ATM
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WAN Link Options
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