swe 423 - multimedia system 11 swe 423 multimedia system

SWE 423 - Multimedia System11

Chapter 1: part 2Introduction to

MultimediaSWE 423 – Multimedia System

SWE 423 - Multimedia System

5-1 :World Wide Web World Wide Web (www) :

is the largest and most commonly used hypermedia application.

5-2 :HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP: a protocol that was originally designed for transmitting hypermedia, but can also support the transmission of any file type.

HTTP is a stateless request/response protocol: no information carried over for the next request.

The basic request format: Method URI Version

Additional‐Headers:

Message‐body

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a way of exchanging information or performing task on the URI

specifies additional parameters about the client

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The URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) identifies the resource accessed e.g. the host name, always preceded by the token "http://". can also include query strings (some interactions require

submitting data) Two Popular Method:

GET specifies that the information requested is in the request string itself. http://example.com/over/there?name=ferret

POST specifies that the resource pointed to in the URI should consider the message body. Generally used in submitting HTML forms.

http://example.com/customers


The basic response format: Version Status-Code Status-Phrase

Status-Code is a number that identifies the response type (or errors that occurs)

Status-Phase is a textual description of it Additional‐Headers: Message‐body

Two commonly seen status code and phrases1. 200 OK – the request was processed successfully.2. 404 Not Found – the URI does not exist.

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HTTP

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Connect $ telnet www.example.org 80Trying 192.0.34.166...Connected to www.example.com (192.0.34.166).Escape character is ’^]’.GET / HTTP/1.1Host: www.example.org

HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Thu, 09 Oct 2003 20:30:49 GMT…

{SendRequest

{ReceiveResponse

{


5-3 :HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

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HTML: a language for publishing Hypermedia on the World Wide Web :1. It uses ASCII, it is portable to all different (possibly binary

incompatible) computer hardware which allows for global exchange of information.

2. The current version of HTML is version 4.01.3. The next generation of HTML is XHTML - a reformulation of

HTML using XML. HTML uses tags to describe document elements:

<token params> : defining a starting point, </token> : the ending point of the element. Some elements have no ending tags.


HTML divides the document into a HEAD and a BODY part as follows:<HTML> <HEAD>…</HEAD> <BODY>…</BODY> </HTML>

HEAD – describes document definitions, which are parsed before any document rendering is done. Include page title, resource links, and meta-information the author decides to

specify. BODY – describes the document structure and content.

Common structure elements are paragraphs, tables, forms, links, item lists, and buttons.


HTML Example :

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<HTML> <HEAD>

<TITLE>

A sample web page.

</TITLE><META NAME = "Author" CONTENT = "Cranky Professor"></HEAD> <BODY><P>We can put any text we like here, since this isa paragraph element.</P></BODY> </HTML>

• Naturally, HTML has more complex structures and can be mixed in with other standards.


5-4 : XML (Extensible Markup Language)

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XML: a markup language for the WWW in which there is modularity of data, structure and view so that user or application can be able to define the tags (structure).

The current XML version is XML 1.0, approved by the W3C in Feb. 1998.

XML syntax looks like HTML syntax


The Main Difference Between XML and HTML XML was designed to carry data. XML is not a replacement for HTML. XML and HTML were designed with different goals

o XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is.

o HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.

HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about describing information.


5-5 : XHTML

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HTML 4.01 is the last version of HTML. XHTML 1.0 was created shortly after HTML 4.01

to help the transition of hypertext to a new generation of mark-up languages for text.

XHTML 1.1 is an additional step toward a more flexible version of hypertext with the full benefits of XML architecture and integration of different technologies.


6- Overview of Multimedia Software Tools

The categories of software tools briefly examined here are:1. Music Sequencing and Notation2. Digital Audio3. Graphics and Image Editing4. Video Editing5. Animation6. Multimedia Authoring

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6-1 : Music Sequencing and Notation

Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio. The term sequencer comes

from older devices that stored sequences of notes (“events", in MIDI).

It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows MCI commands (for animation and video) into music tracks (MCI is a ubiquitous component of the Windows API.

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Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with capabilities similar to those of Cakewalk. It includes some digital audio editing tools.

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Macromedia SoundEdit: mature program for creating audio for multimedia projects and the web that integrates well with other Macromedia products such as Flash and Director.

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6-2 : Digital Audio

Digital Audio tools deal with accessing and editing the actual sampled sounds that make up audio. Cool Edit: powerful and popular digital audio toolkit with

capabilities (for PC users, at least) that emulates a professional audio studio including multitrack productions and sound file editing including digital signal processing effects.

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Sound Forge: a sophisticated PC-based program for editing WAV files. Sound can be captured from a CD-ROM drive or from tape or microphone through the sound card, then mixed and edited. It also permits adding complex special effects.

Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production and editing environment that runs on Macintosh computers as well as Windows, Pro Tools offers easy MIDI creation and manipulation as well as powerful audio mixing, recording, and editing software.

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6-3 : Graphics and Image Editing

Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool from Adobe. Uses vector graphics; graphics can be exported to Web.

Adobe Photoshop: a tool for graphics, image processing and manipulation tool.

Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can be separately manipulated for maximum flexibility

Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated lighting-effects Macromedia Fireworks: a software for making graphics

specifically for the web. Macromedia Freehand: a text and web graphics editing tool

that supports many bitmap formats such as GIF, PNG, and JPEG.

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6-4 : Video Editing

Adobe Premiere: a simple, intuitive video editing tool for nonlinear editing, i.e., putting video clips into any order: Video and audio are arranged in “tracks". Provides a large number of video and audio tracks,

super-impositions and virtual clips. A large library of built-in transitions, filters and motions

for clips allows easy creation of effective multimedia productions.

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SWE 423 - Multimedia System

Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing tool that enables users to add and change existing movies with effects Effects such as lighting,

shadows, motion blurring.

It also allows layers, as in Photoshop, to permit manipulating objects independently.

Final Cut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple for Macintosh platform only. It allows the capture of

video and audio from numerous sources, such as film and DV.

It provides a complete environment, from capturing the video to editing and color correction and finally output to a video file or broadcast from the computer.

Dr. Wafa Omar BarhoumiDr. Wafa Omar Barhoumi 20


7- Animation – Multimedia APIs

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JAVA3D: an API used by Java to construct and render 3D graphics, similar to the way in which the Java Media Framework is used for handling media files. Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube, splines,

etc.) for building scenes. It is an abstraction layer built on top of OpenGL or

DirectX (the user can select which), so the graphics are accelerated.

DirectX: Windows API that supports video, images, audio and 3D animation It is the most common API used to develop modern

multimedia Windows application OpenGL: highly portable and most popular 3D API


3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a number of very high-end professional tools for character animation, game development, and visual effects production.

Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation, and rendering package used for animation and special effects in films and games.

Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it is a complete modeling package. It features a wide variety of modeling and animation tools such as to create realistic clothes and fur.

RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar. It excels in creating complex surface appearances and

images and has been used in numerous movies, such as Monsters Inc.


8- Multimedia Authoring

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Macromedia Flash: allows users to create interactive movies by using the score metaphor-a timeline arranged in parallel event sequences.

Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to create interactive presentations - very powerful and includes a built-in scripting language, Lingo, that allows creation of complex interactive movies.

Authorware: a mature, well-supported authoring product based on the Iconic/Flow-control metaphor.

Quest: similar to Authorware in many ways, uses a type of flowcharting metaphor. However, the flowchart nodes can encapsulate information in a more abstract way (called frames) than simply subroutine levels

swe 423 - multimedia system 11 swe 423 multimedia system

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