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Swan Lake Water Quality Investigation

2011 Summary Report

Prepared by:

635 Denver Street

Whitefish, MT 59937

Prepared for: Swan Lakers; PO Box 399, Bigfork, MT 59911

Kootenai Lodge Estates; 13365 Sunburst Drive, Bigfork, MT 59911 Swan Ecosystem Center; 6887 Highway 83, Condon, MT 59826

May 15, 2012

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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………... 1 1.1 Project Goals and Objectives…………………………... 1 1.2 Project Site Description………………………………... 1 1.3 Water Quality Targets…...…………………………...... 2 2.0 Methodology…………………………………………………. 3 3.0 Results……………………………………………….............. 5 4.0 Discussion………………………….……………………….... 9 5.0 Literature Cited……………………………………………..... 10 Appendix I Annual Trophic State Index (TSI) Calculations

for North Basin and South Basin………………… 11 Appendix II 2010-2011 Hydrolab Data for all Sample Sites….. 14 Appendix III 2009-2011 Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen

Profiles…………………………………………… 73 Appendix IV 2010-2011 Water Chemistry Data..……………… 82

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List of Tables & Figures Table 2.1. Swan Lake Sample Sites and GPS Coordinates………………... 4 Table 3.1 Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations

(mg/l and % saturation) in the North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011…………………………………………. 5

Table 3.3. Trophic State Index by Year and Parameter……………………. 7 Table 3.4 Trophic State Index Average 2004-2011………………….......... 7 Figure 3.1. Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (mg/l) in the

North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011……………. 6 Figure 3.2. Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (% saturation)

in the North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011……… 6 Figure 3.3. 2010 Swan Lake Secchi Disc Depths…………………………… 8 Figure 3.4. 2011 Swan Lake Secchi Disc Depths……………………........... 8 Cite: Koopal, M. (2012). Swan Lake 2011 Water Quality Investigation Summary Report. Prepared for Swan Lakers, Kootenai Lodge Estates, and Swan Ecosystem Center. Whitefish Lake Institute, Whitefish, MT. Cover photo courtesy of gravityshots.com

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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Project Goals and Objectives The goal of this project is to collect baseline water quality information for Swan Lake over a five year period to be used for trend analysis. The project was initiated in 2010 by a contract between Kootenai Lodge Estates, Swan Lakers and Whitefish Lake Institute (WLI). In 2011, the Swan Ecosystem Center expanded the scope of the project to include a late fall sample date and additional water chemistry analysis. The objective of this report is to provide a framework to display the water quality information for Swan Lake collected during this project and compare it to historical data where applicable. In particular, the focus of this 2011 annual report is to incorporate historical data relevant to the Swan Lake Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Primary Targets. As the project moves forward, more of the budget will be available to provide specific analysis of other project parameters. 1.2 Project Site Descriptions The Swan Valley watershed in Northwest Montana is approximately 410,000 acres and has a stream network of nearly 1,300 miles. It is located in parts of Missoula, Lake and Flathead counties. The Swan River flows north from its headwaters in the Mission Mountains to Swan Lake, eventually emptying into Flathead Lake at Bigfork. The watershed includes the small communities of Condon, Salmon Prairie and Swan Lake. Most of the land is managed in a square-mile checkerboard pattern by the Flathead National Forest, Plum Creek Timber Company and to a lesser extent the Swan River State Forest. Private residences are scattered along the Swan River and State Highway 83, which parallels the river (PBS&J, 2008). Swan Lake is located between the Mission and Swan Ranges at an elevation of 3,199 feet within a basin area of 421,612 acres. The basin area is composed of alluvium (36%), and the Piegan group (30%), Missoula group (15%), Grinnel argillite (13%) and Appekunny argillite (4%) belt series. Swan Lake has a surface area of 3,276 acres and a maximum depth of 133 feet. Swan Lake is generally characterized by excellent water quality, with levels of nutrients, primary production, and chlorophyll (a) typical of an oligotrophic lake (low levels of nutrient inputs and low productivity). However, during late summer and early fall in the deepest parts of the lake, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations decline to unusually low levels. This is particularly evident in the south basin of the lake, where DO concentrations as low as 0.1% of saturation have been recorded. Low DO concentrations are a concern due to their potential to harm aquatic life, particularly bull trout, which are listed as a threatened species under the federal Endangered Species Act (PBS&J, 2008). According to Rosenthal (2011), the Swan Valley has been historically home to a stable, healthy bull trout population. However, in 1998 anglers began to occasionally catch adult sized (20-30 inch) lake trout from Swan Lake and the Swan River. This caused alarm because lake trout are not native and are notorious for rapidly expanding and dominating fish communities in lakes with Mysis shrimp, at the expense of bull trout and kokanee salmon. Since 2003, lake trout catch by anglers as well as during Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP biological sampling has

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continued to increase, indicating that wild reproduction is occurring. Based on case histories from nearby waters, long-term management alternatives for this increasing lake trout population are necessary in order to maintain the popular bull trout and kokanee fisheries. In addition to bull trout, lake trout, and kokanee salmon, Swan Lake fish distribution records from the FWP Montana Fisheries Information System (MFISH) database indicate a mix of both native and non-native species, including; brook stickleback, brook trout, largescale sucker, longnose sucker, mountain whitefish, northern pike, northern pike minnow, peamouth, pumpkinseed, pygmy whitefish, rainbow trout, redside shiner, westslope cutthroat trout and yellow perch. 1.3 Water Quality Targets The Swan Basin is listed as a high priority watershed by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), and Swan Lake is an A-1 classified waterbody. Based on the results of data collection efforts in the Swan TMDL, the Swan Basin appears to be recovering from past water quality impacts. Nevertheless, serious threats to water quality and beneficial use support remain throughout the basin and are likely to increase as land in the Swan Valley is converted from timber production to residential use (PBS&J, 2008). Swan Lake appears to be predisposed to DO problems by its own morphometry. According to the conclusions of the TMDL, this situation appears to have been exacerbated by excessive loading of particulate organic carbon (POC). Although POC source loading has decreased in recent decades, dissolved oxygen levels in Swan Lake have remained near zero, suggesting that DO recovery has not been concurrent with pollutant source reduction in the watershed. The cause and effect relationships between pollutant loading, lake morphometry, and DO levels within the lake remain poorly understood. In the Water Quality Protection Plan and TMDLs for the Swan Lake Watershed (DEQ 2004), no increase in loading of particulate organic carbon or nutrients to the lake from Swan River is required. Because the status of the lake appeared to be threatened, not impaired, DEQ determined that loading did not need to decrease from current levels. In order to verify that restoration and pollution source reduction efforts are effective in improving DO levels, and to ensure the continued health of both Swan and Flathead Lakes, the Swan Ecosystem Center (SEC) has taken the lead in implementing the monitoring plan recommended in the TMDL (PBS&J, 2008). To track progress towards ensuring beneficial use support in the lake, DEQ established two primary water quality targets and three secondary targets. According to the Swan TMDL (DEQ, 2004), primary targets are based on direct measures or direct indicators of beneficial uses within the lake. Secondary targets are based on loading conditions or surrogates for loading conditions with the watershed. The secondary targets help identify potential problems or progress towards resolving water quality concerns in the watershed. The scope of this study is limited to direct measurements in Swan Lake. As a result, data from this project can be used to determine if some of the primary targets for the Swan Lake TMDL are being met. The data in this report does not evaluate all of the primary targets or the secondary

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targets that are generally associated with loading from the Swan River and other watershed loading. The primary targets specific to Swan Lake include: Primary Target 1 No decreasing percent saturation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bottom waters of Swan Lake and no increase in the spatial extent of the low DO area in the lake. According to DEQ (2004), the rationale for this TMDL target is as follows:

This target addresses the primary reason for the listing of Swan Lake as a threatened waterbody on Montana’s 303(d) list. In spite of the fact that the low DO in Swan Lake may not be unusual, it must be monitored for a period of time to ensure that conditions are not becoming worse due to human activities…

For Primary Target 1, project data is relevant to DO (percent saturation) at the benthic interface of Swan Lake at two long-term monitoring locations and is compared to historical data herein. However, the scope of work limits the extent of sampling locations and precludes an analysis of the spatial extent of low DO for the entire lake which is a component of the Target 1 analysis. Primary Target 2 No increasing trend of nutrient and chlorophyll (a) concentrations, no increasing trophic state index trends, and no decreasing trend in Secchi Depth values in Swan Lake. According to DEQ (2004) the rationale for this TMDL target is as follows:

Meeting this target will prevent or minimize algae blooms within the lake and therefore provide protection for cold-water fish and aquatic life beneficial uses, and will further avoid potential POC loading associated with increased algal growth. It will also protect lake aesthetics ad help ensure that turbidity remains with the range of naturally occurring levels as defined under State Law.

For Primary Target 2, project data collected by this study is comparable to historical data and is presented herein. 2.0 Methodology The project methodology follows objectives identified in the Swan Lakers Request for Proposal dated March 31, 2010 as responded to by WLI dated April 9, 2010 and is summarized below. Three (3) dates were sampled in 2010 (May, June, and August). For all three sample dates, eight (8) sites were sampled as represented in Table 1. North Basin and South Basin are historical water chemistry sites. The sample sites comprise a good spatial representation of the lake from the Swan River inlet at the southern end of the lake to the northern end of the lake to the Swan River outlet at the northern end of the lake. In 2011, as part of the Swan Ecosystem Center contract, an additional sample date was included in mid-October in attempt to describe the maximum extent of the DO depletion in the hypolimnion. In addition, the Swan Ecosystem Center contract expanded the water chemistry

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sampling effort to include sulfate, dissolved iron, and dissolved manganese in an attempt to describe the phosphorus availability to primary productivity during any anoxic events at the benthic interface during lake stratification. Table 2.1. Swan Lake Sample Sites and GPS Coordinates.

Sample Site GPS Coordinates (NAD 83) Bay South 47.9288, 113.8612 Bay West 47.9296, 113.8667 Bay East 47.9269, 113.8554 Bug Creek 47.9758, 113.9128 Rock House 47.9602, 113.8983 South Basin* 47.9429, 113.8783 North Basin* 47.9910, 113.9350 North Lake/River 48.0180, 113.9780

*North Basin and South Basin are historic sample sites At each sample site, a Hydrolab DS5 Sonde was deployed to collect the following parameters at roughly 1 meter depths; depth, dissolved oxygen (%), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), specific conductance, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (in-situ and boat mounted), salinity, resistivity, and relative chlorophyll (a) concentrations. In addition, at each sample site, a Secchi disc measurement was recorded. Based on the collected Hydrolab data, the lake was classified as stratified with a defined epilimnion, metalimnion and hypolimnion, or mixed. Water chemistry samples (Total Phosphorus, Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate + Nitrite, Total Organic Carbon, Dissolved Organic Carbon, and Total Dissolved Solids) were then collected at the South Basin and North Basin sites at the mid-point of each stratified layer using a Van Dorn vertical water sampler. In addition, an integrated 0-30m sample was taken from a compilation of discrete samples from the surface, 5m,10m, 15m, 20m, 25m and 30m that were composted and mixed in a sampling container. For sample dates where the lake was not stratified, water chemistry samples were collected at a 1/3 and 2/3 depth of the water column in addition to the 0-30m integrated sample. Chlorophyll (a) samples were collected at the mid-point of the epilimnion if the lake was stratified or the center of the photic zone (as determined by 3 times the Secchi disc depth) if mixed. In 2010, chlorophyll (a) samples were vacuum pumped below 9.0 inches of mercury over a glass fiber filter, placed in a sample vial and immediately wrapped in aluminum foil and placed on dry ice. In 2011, chlorophyll (a) samples were not field prepared but rather sent directly to the laboratory for processing and analysis. Water chemistry samples were preserved according to laboratory specifications and placed on ice or dry ice and shipped next day along with a Chain of Custody form to Energy Laboratories in Helena for analysis.

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3.0 Results Where applicable, project results from 2010 and 2011 have been compared to historical data for Swan Lake and are found below. Annual Trophic State Index (TSI) calculations can be found in Appendix I. 2010 and 2011 Hydrolab data for all parameters can be found in Appendix II. 2010 and 2011 Hydrolab depth profile representations for temperature and dissolved oxygen can be found in Appendix III. 2010-2011 water chemistry data can be found in Appendix IV. Primary Target 1 No decreasing percent saturation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bottom waters of Swan Lake and no increase in the spatial extent of the low DO area in the lake. Table 3.1 and Figures 3.1 and 3.2 display project DO values near the benthic interface at the Swan Lake North Basin and South Basin Sample Sites as compared to historical data. According to PBS&J (2008) the lowest DO concentrations and percent saturation in Swan Lake typically occur in the deepest portions of the lake in the early fall, prior to turnover. PBS&J (2008) uses the window of September 21st to fall turnover for sample dates that qualify for long-term trend analysis. Table 3.1 Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (mg/l and % saturation) in the North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011. Date North Basin (mg/l) North Basin (% Sat) South Basin (mg/l) South Basin (% Sat) 10/18/1990 NA NA 0.5 NA 10/21/1992 NA NA 0.07 NA 10/16/1996 5.2 NA 0.4 NA

9/30/1999 4.21 NA 1.42 NA 10/19/2001 2.53 21.1 0.49 2.6 10/22/2004 2.43 22.3 0.37 3.5

10/6/2005 3.24 30 1.03 9.5 9/28/2006 4.03 36.8 0.4 3.4 9/27/2007 4.31 40 NC NC

10/18/2011 4.64 42.1 0.52 4.7 NC: Not collected; NA: Not Available Status of Primary Target 1 The North Basin shows a range of DO concentrations from a low of 2.43 mg/l in 2004 to a high of 5.2 mg/l in 1996. Since 2004, DO concentrations have shown steady improvement. The South Basin displays much lower values with a range of DO concentrations from a low of 0.07 mg/l in 1992 to a high of 1.42 mg/l in 1999. No trend is apparent, but DO concentrations in the South Basin, which was the main area of concern in the TMDL, showed no obvious signs of decline, and when coupled with the increased trend of DO concentrations in the North Basin suggests that Primary Target 1 for Swan Lake is being met.

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Figure 3.1. Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (mg/l) in the North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011.

Figure 3.2. Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (% saturation) in the North and South Basins of Swan Lake, 1990-2011.

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Primary Target 2 No increasing trend of nutrient and chlorophyll (a) concentrations, no increasing trophic state index trends, and no decreasing trend in Secchi Depth values in Swan Lake. Table 3.3 displays the Trophic State Index (TSI) by year and parameter. Some of the historical data is missing and is noted. PBS&J (2008) documents that a TSI value of less than 40 indicates an oligotrophic (nutrient poor) lake; while a value between 40 and 60 indicates a mesotrophic (moderately enriched) lake; values above 60 would indicate a eutrophic (nutrient rich) lake. The yearly TSI calculations from 2004-2011 can be found in Appendix I. Table 3.4 displays an average of the TSI values from 2004-2011 to account for inter-annual variation. Table 3.4 values were obtained from averaging all values for each parameter through the years; chlorophyll (a) (N=30), Secchi disk (N=7) and total phosphorus (N=30). Table 3.3. Trophic State Index by Year and Parameter. Trophic

State Index

Chlorophyll (a) (mg/ cu.m ) Secchi Disk Depth (m) Total Phosphorus (ug/l)

North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin 2004 Oligotrophic Oligotrophic NA NA Mesotrophic Oligotrophic 2007 Mesotrophic Mesotrophic NA NA Oligotrophic Oligotrophic 2008 Mesotrophic Mesotrophic NA NA Oligotrophic Oligotrophic 2009 Oligotrophic Oligotrophic NA NA Oligotrophic Oligotrophic 2010 Mesotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic 2011 Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

Table 3.4 Trophic State Index Average 2004-2011. Trophic

State Index

Average

Chlorophyll (a) (mg/ cu.m ) Secchi Disk Depth (m) Total Phosphorus (ug/l) North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin

44.05 43.35 37.22 37.49 30.73 31.56 Mesotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

Figures 3.3 and 3.4 display the range and means of Secchi disc depths at seven of the eight sample locations for Swan Lake in 2010 and 2011. The eighth site (North Lake/River) is too shallow to allow for a Secchi disc reading. Water chemistry data from 2010 and 2011 can be found in Appendix IV. As the project proceeds, more time can be devoted to interpreting the data for trends. Status of Primary Target 2 TSI values show Swan Lake within the oligotrophic classification for Secchi disc and total phosphorus while chlorophyll (a) values fall within the Mesotrophic range. Based on the TSI, Swan Lake is described as an oligo-mesotrophic lake. Chlorophyll (a) results show no significant trend and appear to be influenced by yearly specific conditions and sample timing. Correlating water chemistry trend data to chlorophyll (a) values in future project annual reports might aid in interpreting the data. Secchi discs values show no apparent trend at this time but do indicate good transparency. At this time, without further data and analysis, it is not apparent if Primary Target 2 is being met.

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Figure 3.3. 2010 Swan Lake Secchi Disc Depths.

-30.0

-22.5

-15.0

-7.5

0.0

Bay_E Bay_W Bay_S S_Basin Rock_H Bug_Cr N_Basin

2010 Swan Lake Secchi Depths

Site

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Figure 3.4. 2011 Swan Lake Secchi Disc Depths.

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4.0 Discussion Nutrient concentrations generally show a flow through gradient (higher in the South Basin than in the North Basin) with the highest concentrations shown during the freshet in June. The higher concentrations in the South Basin are due to allocthonous nutrient input from the Swan River. As water flows through Swan Lake, these nutrients are either used by primary producers or precipitate to the lake bottom and are stored in the sediments. Mean secchi disc data also show no significant trends between 2010 and 2011. Swan Lake displays low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion in the fall. The low dissolved oxygen concentrations probably deteriorate until the stratified layers in the lake circulate again via overturn in late fall or early winter. High dissolved organic carbon concentrations can decrease dissolved oxygen levels. However, dissolved organic carbon levels for Swan Lake in 2010 suggest that this influence is minimal, the lake is not dystrophic, and other factors are present. When dissolved oxygen levels decline to anoxic levels at the benthic interface, an oxidation/reduction potential exists where nutrients stored in the sediments could be liberated, dramatically affecting lake water quality and altering food web dynamics. The focus of this report was to incorporate historic data related to TMDL target parameters and provide the reader with a trend analysis of target status. As this project moves forward, future annual reports will provide more in-depth water chemistry analysis that will provide secondary support for the target status justifications.

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5.0 Literature Cited Montana Department of Environmental Quality. 2004. Water Quality Protection Plan and

TMDLs for the Swan Lake Watershed. June 2004. Helena, MT. PBS&J, 2008. Swan Lake Watershed TMDL Implementation Program- Target Status

Report. Prepared for Swan Ecosystem Center and Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Project No. B15530. Missoula, MT.

Rosenthal, L. 2011. Experimental Removal of Lake Trout in Swan Lake, Montana: 2010

Annual Report. Prepared for the Swan Valley Bull Trout Working Group. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Kalispell, MT.

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Appendix I

(Annual Trophic State Index (TSI) Calculations for North Basin and South Basin)

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2004

Date Chlorophyll (a) (mg/l) Total Phosphorus (ug/l) North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin

5/28/2004 0.928 0.84 5.082 11.262 6/21/2004 1.902 2.378 6.423 6.719 7/27/2004 0.951 0.555 5.895 14.544 8/27/2004 0.555 0.634 32.488 15.532 9/16/2004 1.03 0.872 19.448 10.291

Average 1.07 1.06 13.87 11.7 TSI 31.3 31.2 42.1 39.6 Trophic State Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic

2007


5/24/2007 11 8.4 6 4 6/11/2007 11 12 10.5 6 6/26/2007 3.1 4.9 4.7 3 7/16/2007 11 8.2 8 7 7/30/2007 5.7 4.7 4.7 6.5 8/28/2007 5 5.4 6.6 9.5 9/10/2007 2.6 2.5 6 5 9/27/2007 4.2 3.7 4.7 3.5

Average 6.7 6.23 6.4 5.56 TSI 49.2 48.6 30.97 28.95 Trophic State Mesotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

2008


5/5/2008 7 4.9 2.5 8 5/22/2008 4.8 6.2 4 4 6/12/2008 2.3 3.6 4 6.5 6/25/2008 3 4.2 4 4.5 7/15/2008 4.1 4.3 6 8 8/1/2008 3.3 2.6 4.7 3.5

8/26/2008 3.1 2.8 3.3 3.5 9/23/2008 8.5 5.7 5 6.5

Average 4.51 4.29 4.19 5.56 TSI 45.4 44.9 24.77 28.95 Trophic State Mesotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

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2009


6/24/2009 3.1 3.9 7 10 8/19/2009 ND ND 5.6 6.5

Average 1.55 1.95 6.3 8.25 TSI 34.9 37.2 30.7 34.6 Trophic State Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

2010

Date Chlorophyll (a) (mg/ cu.m ) Secchi Disk Depth (m) Total Phosphorus (ug/l) North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin

5/10/2010 7.7 7.1 5.2 4 5 7 6/14/2010 6 5.5 2.4 2.7 6 14

8/2/2010 2 0.8 7.9 8.5 4 6 Average 5.23 4.46 5.2 5.1 5 9 TSI 46.8 45.3 36.9 36.9 27.2 35.9 Trophic State Mesotrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

ND (not detected) ND samples were assigned a 0 value for averaging 2011

Date Chlorophyll (a) (mg/ cu.m ) Secchi Disk Depth (m) Total Phosphorus (ug/l) North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin North Basin South Basin

5/25/2011 0.1 0.1 2.4 2.7 2 2 6/13/2011 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.8 1 2 8/25/2011 0.6 0.5 6.7 6.4 ND ND

10/18/2011 2 2.1 7.3 7.3 5 6 Average 1.08 1.03 4.62 4.55 2.25 2.5 TSI 31.4 30.9 38.4 38.4 14.2 17.1 Trophic State Oligitrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic Oligotrophic

ND (not detected) ND samples were assigned a 0 value for averaging

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Appendix II

(2010-2011 Hydrolab Data for all Sample Sites)

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42

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45

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46

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62

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64

SSww

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aa kkee

22 0011 11

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ii oonn

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mmaa rr

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tt

65

SSww

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tt

66

SSww

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tt

67

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68

SSww

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69

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22 0011 11

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mmaa rr

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tt

70

SSww

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yy II nn

vv eess tt

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ii oonn

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mmaa rr

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tt

71

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72

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73


Appendix III

(2009-2011 Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Profiles)

74


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0

Swan Lake (Bay East) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)

VariablesJune 24August 19

-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0

Swan Lake (Bay East) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)

VariablesMay 10June 14August 2

-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.060.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0


Dept

h (m

)Variables

May 10June 14August 2

-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)

VariablesMay 25June 13August 25October 18

-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.020.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0


Dept

h (m

)


75


-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.060.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0

Swan Lake (Bay South) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0

Swan Lake (Bay South) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0


Dept

h (m

)Variables


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.050.0 64.0 78.0 92.0 106.0 120.0


Dept

h (m

)


76


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0

Swan Lake (Bay West) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0

Swan Lake (Bay West) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0


Dept

h (m

)Variables


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)


-30.0

-24.0

-18.0

-12.0

-6.0

0.020.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0


Dept

h (m

)


77


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.045.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0

Swan Lake (Bug Creek) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.075.0 81.0 87.0 93.0 99.0 105.0

Swan Lake (Bug Creek) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.070.0 78.0 86.0 94.0 102.0 110.0


Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.045.0 49.0 53.0 57.0 61.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.070.0 77.0 84.0 91.0 98.0 105.0


Dept

h (m

)


78


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0

Swan Lake (North Basin) 2008Temperature Profile (F)

Dept

h (m

)

VariablesAugust 26

-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0

Swan Lake (North Basin) 2008Dissolved Oxygen Profile (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)

VariablesAugust 26

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0

Swan Lake (North Basin) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.050.0 62.0 74.0 86.0 98.0 110.0

Swan Lake (North Basin) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)Variables

June 24August 19

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)


-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.060.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0


Dept

h (m

)


79


-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.040.0 56.0 72.0 88.0 104.0 120.0


Dept

h (m

)


80


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.045.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0

Swan Lake (Rock House) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.070.0 78.0 86.0 94.0 102.0 110.0

Swan Lake (Rock House) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)


-20.0

-16.0

-12.0

-8.0

-4.0

0.070.0 77.0 84.0 91.0 98.0 105.0

Swan Lake (Rock House) 2010Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)Variables


-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.040.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.065.0 74.0 83.0 92.0 101.0 110.0

Swan Lake (Rock House) 2011Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (%Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


81


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0

Swan Lake (South Basin) 2009Temperature Profiles (F)

Dept

h (m

)


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.020.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

Swan Lake (South Basin) 2009Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.035.0 41.0 47.0 53.0 59.0 65.0


Dept

h (m

)


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.020.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

Swan Lake (South Basin) 2010Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (% Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.040.0 46.0 52.0 58.0 64.0 70.0


Dept

h (m

)


-40.0

-32.0

-24.0

-16.0

-8.0

0.00.0 24.0 48.0 72.0 96.0 120.0

Swan Lake (South Basin) 2011Dissolved Oxygen Profiles (%Sat)

Dept

h (m

)


82


Appendix IV

(2010-2011 Water Chemistry Data)

83

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85

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