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“ Add your company slogan ”Development of Web Geospatial Decision Support

System (DSS) for Irrigation Water Management

M. M. Maina

B.Eng.,M.Eng.,PgDE, PhD

09092205217, mainam@buk.edu.ng

OUTLINE

Agricultural water management (AWM)

Agricultural water resources issues

Measurements/estimation of WBM components

Performance Indicators of AWM

Development of WEBGIS DSS for AWM

Uses and Advantage of AWM Web Application

SWAMP- soil water assessment and management for paddies

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Agricultural Water management

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Agricultural water management:

The planned development, distribution

and use of water resources to meet

predetermined agricultural objectives

Agricultural Water management

Why do we concern about Agricultural

water management?

One of the biggest concerns for our

water-based resources in the future is

the sustainability of the current and

even future water resource allocation.

Climate change

Population Increase

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Agricultural Water management

Agriculture is said to be the major

consumer of our fresh water resources.

Nearly 70% of the fresh water

resources goes to Agriculture (FAO,

2007).

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Agricultural Water management

Researches in Agricultural fields have

shown that most of the agricultural

water losses occur in the field.

Study of the Paddy field water balance

model reveals how much water is loss

during irrigation.

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Paddy Water Balance Model

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A water balance model for paddy is

developed primarily based on the principle of

conservation of mass: soil–water within the

root zone. The water balance for paddy is

different from that of field crops because

paddy requires standing water in the field

during most of its growth period.

Therefore, the water balance components

includes the standing water depth on the

field.

Typical Paddy Field

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Paddy Field Water Balance Model

SWD = IRR + ER –ET –SP – DR + GW

Water Balance Model

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𝐒𝐖𝐃 = 𝐈𝐑𝐑 + 𝐄𝐑 − 𝑬𝑻 − 𝑺𝑷 − 𝐃𝐑 + 𝐆𝐖 (1)

Where; SWD = field Standing water depth (mm)

IRR = Irrigation (mm)

ER = Effective rainfall (mm)

SP = Seepage percolation (mm)

DR = Drainage and Runoff (mm)

GW = Ground water influence (mm)

ET AND SP MEASUREMENT

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ET ESTIMATION USING WEATHER DATA

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PENMAN-MONTEITH

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𝑬𝑻𝒐 =𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟖∆ 𝑹𝒏 − 𝑮 + 𝛄

𝟗𝟎𝟎𝐓 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝑼𝟐 ( 𝒆𝒔 − 𝒆𝒂 )

∆ + 𝛄( 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝑼𝟐)

Where,

ETo Reference Evapotranspiration [mm day-1]

Rn Net radiation at crop surface [MJ m-1 day-1]

G Soil heat flux density [MJ m-2 day-1]

T Mean daily air temperature at 2 m height [°C]

U2 Wind speed at 2 m height [m s-1]

es Saturation vapor pressure [kPa]

ea Actual vapor pressure [kPa]

es-ea Saturation vapor pressure deficit [kPa]

∆ Slope of vapor pressure curve [kPa °C-1]

𝛄 Psychometric Constant [kPa °C-1].

IRRIGATION MEASUREMENTS

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IRRIGATION MEASUREMENTS

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GROUNDWATER MEASUREMENT

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IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

• WPI = 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝 (𝐤𝐠)

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞 (𝒎𝟑)

(kg/m3)

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Water Productivity Index (WPI)

IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

• Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

•

• WUE = 𝑬𝑻−𝑺𝑷

𝐈𝐑+𝑬𝑹x 100%

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Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

DEVELOPING WEBGIS DSS

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• Soil Water Assessment and Management

for paddies (SWAMP 2.0) is a WebGIS

decision Support system for irrigation

management. It is an online, interactive,

and real-time*.

• It was developed using ArcGIS for Server,

MS SQL Database and ArcGIS Viewer for

flex based on JavaScript API

SWAMP ALGORITHM

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ARCGIS SERVER ARCHITECT

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SWAMP User Interface

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SWAMP User Interface

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SWAMP UI

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Advantages and Uses of SWAMP

• SWAMP has many advantages amongst but not limited to:

• 1. Reach wider audience and stakeholders

• 2. All farm Information can be spread instantly

• 3. Cost effective

• 3. Reduce software installation, support and maintenance

• 4. Need not to be GIS professional to use it

• 5. Flexible for DBMS integration and presentation

• 6. Easy to use and maintain compatibility with the future development

• 7. Cut software costs

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SWAMP UI

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Operations of SWAMP

• Once the web application loads, the Attribute

Table widget checks for any feature layer

feature(s) in the current extent and populates

the attribute table with its feature(s). Aside from

providing a tabular display of the layer's data,

the features can be selected, deselected, and

zoomed-to by interacting with the attribute table.

• If these feature layers are editable, the

corresponding feature attributes will also be

editable. In addition, the fields can be sorted by

clicking on its heading

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Operations of SWAMP Contd.

• Paddy water balance model can be displayed

and scheduling can be based on field demand

• Analysis and editing can be carried out online

• Area and length measurement can be done

easily and precisely

• Farm Activities can be monitored online

• Yields and yield components can be viewed in

the form of charts and tables.

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SWAMP UI

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THANK YOU !