S U Z A N N E O D O N O V A N + K O S T A S I P E I R O T I S PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE YEAR 2 / ARCH568 > URBAN STRATEGY

U R B A N S Y N T H E S I SM I E J S K A S Y N T E Z A

urban / miejska

:of, relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city

synthesis / synteza

:the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole

:the production of a substance by the union of chemical elements, groups, or simpler compounds

or by the degradation of a complex compound

:the combining of often diverse conceptions into a coherent whole; also : the complex so formed

:the dialectic combination of thesis and antithesis into a higher stage of truth

URBAN SYNTHESIS /MIEJSKASYNTEZA

Introduction [historical and political context]

In lateOctober 2012,we visitedUrsus,Warsawat the invitationof Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Rozwoju Ursusa [Association forthe Development of Ursus], a consortium of businesses andindustrialistslocatedwithinoursite.

Theassociationwasformedinresponsetoanongoingthreatfroman external actor, Celtic Developments, who over the past fewyearshavebeenbuyingupvacant landon thesite,demolishingbuildingsandwhohavedevelopedamasterplanwhichenvisionsthesitebeingtransformedintoahigh-endresidentialarea.ThereareanumberofproblemswithCelticsproposal-someofthe land has been incorrectly designated as non-functional - anerrorwhichhasnowbeenlegallyproveninthePolishcourtoflawandconsequentlynegatesthebasisfortheirmasterplan;secondly,relatingtoPolishlawregardingpollution,housingcannotbelocatedonmuchof the sitedue toboth contaminatedgroundandnoisepollution.Thesearepracticalissues,howeverwhatalsoshouldbeconsiderediswhether[solely]housingisrightforthisplace?

Ursus,asadistrictofWarsaw,hashadacolourfuljourneywhichatitscore,itsraisondetreisproduction.BeforeUrsus,thisareawasmadeupofthreevillages-Czechowice,SkoroszeandSzamoty.Inthelate19thCentury,afactorywassetupwhichproducedfittingsforintiallysugarproduction-thisexpandedtoincludecentralheating,water-supplypartswhichthenledtotheestablishmentofZakladyMechaniczneUrsus[UrsusIndustrialPlant]intheSzamotyArea.Czechowicewasdesignatedasahousingestateforthefactories,whileSkoroszebecametheseatofmunicipalityforthearea.

The focus of production evolved over the years from exhaustengines, trucks to [after becoming nationalised] military tractors,tanksandheavymachinery in the30s.During the secondworldwar and under occupation, the Germans seized the productionoperations andmachinary and exported everything to Germany.

The remaining buildings were vandalised and abandoned untilafterthewarwhenthefactorywasrebuiltandproductionbecamefocusedonproducingtractoryswhichledtotheUrsusbrand.Inthe50s,theareawhichwasthenknownasCzochowicewasrenamedUrsus.TheareabecamepartofWarsawin1977,intiallyaspartoftheOchotadistrict [aspunishment for the factorys role instrikesagainst the communists in 1976], but it wasnt until 1993, afterthe fall of communism that Ursus became its own district withinthecityofWarsaw.The1976strikesareanimportantpartofbothUrsusandPolandshistoryinthatitledtothebirthoftheSolidaritymovmentwhichultimatelyledtothefallofcommunism.

Productionoftractorsbegantodeclineinthe90sandeventuallyledtobankruptcy.Assetsweresold,howevermuchoftheinfrastructurefrom the original operation remains and so today the TractoryFactory site [Tractory], whilst fragmented with differing functionsanddiffering land-ownershasacoherance through infrastructure[now managed by Energetyka Ursus] which both relates to thesitesindustrialheritageandhasalsoactedasameansbywhichtounitethefracturedsitetofightagainstthisnewthreattothisplaceofproduction.

So, how did we become involved? To counter Celtics shinymasterplan,PlymouthUniversityMasterofArchitectureprogrammehave been invited to propose an alternative.As a heading, thisprojectasbeencalledIndustrialCity2.0-whichchallengesustothinkabouthowspacesofindustrycouldco-operatewithurbanlife?Isthenotionofpost-industrialcitysimplymovingproblemindustrialareaselsewhere?Isthereasolutionthatcanunitethefragmentedpartsofthisplaceintoamorecoherantandhealthywhole?

Can we propose a strategy which injects a catalyst to preventfurtherdecay/degradationofthisplace?

Definitions

TractoryA nickname given to the area which once housed the Ursus Tractor Factory. This area is officially called ZPM Ursus, or The Former Mechanicial Works, Ursus.

DiagnosisAn evaluation and analysis of existing conditions

InterventionAn activity, event, object or structure that attempts to remedy a problem identified in the diagnosis stage. An intervention could also be considered a mechanism which might act as a catalyst for change. It may be a one-off event or a slower process.

PrognosisA forecast which attempts to suggest how an intervention might have a spatial or social impact. In this context, all prognoses are discussed in terms of spatial consequence and related to the potential socio-cultural, economic and political implications.

NestedScales&RelatednessSpecifically relates to Henri Lefebvres interpretation and adaption of the japanese spatial philosophy of XXXX. Lefebvre suggests that three scales of experiencing the city can only be discussed and explored in how they relate to each other. In this strategy, nested scales are applied and can be considered in a number of ways - spatially, temporally [phasing], and extent of activity. These scales are:

L=Local[private/shortterm]Situations, places and spaces that are private, intimate and most connected with the individual. This strategy considers interventions at both spatial and temporal scale - so, meanwhile uses are considered at a local scale - because of its short term implementation, and because the scale of the activity can to some extent be enacted by the inidivual.

I=Intermediate[semi-public/mediumterm]Intermediate interventions are situated in the medium term of this strategy and are potential prognoses from the local/meanwhile interventions. Intermediate proposals might require considerable more investment from either an internal or an external actor however the impact cuuld be on local/intermediate/global actors/space/society.

G=Global[public/longterm]However each scale might have aspects of the other. For example, with architectural analogies: in a house [local] a reception room = global; hall = intermediate; bedroom = local; or in a public building [global]: foyer/lobby = global; meeting room = intermediate; office = local. Equally, in this strategy, a local proposal might have a long term impact on the global through a chain of events, or a sequence of outcomes. Equally, decisions made at the global level can have a lasting impact on the local. In this strategy, we consider the global issues of climate change [energy, waste, water] and how that the local scale, Ursus can contribute to this.

Introduction [Approach]

TheTractorysiteis180hectares,andinour10dayvisit,tryingtoseeasmuchofthisplaceaspossibleleftlittletimetofullyexplorethecontextofUrsus,andWarsaw.However,onethingthatwedidrealise was how, despite its seemingly fragmented and isolatednature,manyoftheissuesthatweareexploringareinter-relatedatdifferentscales.With this in mind, and taking into account Lefebvres theory ofnested scales, our approach has been to consider the issues atthesedifferent, inter-relatedscales,proposeastrategythatmightcause a long-term socio-spatial impact at, again, these differentscales.

AnalogyThisstrategydiscussestheissues,strategyandpotentialoutcomesusingtheanalogyofpreventativemedicine/dentistry.Weconsiderthe analogy preventative, rather than remedial - as this strategycomesatatimewheretheissuesonsiteareperhapsbothcauseandsymptomsofaproblem-thusfixingthesymptommightalsoresolvetherootoftheproblem.

Through Diagnosis, we analyse/consider the pertinent issues/informationthathavefedintoourproposal.Whatarethesymptoms?Is there external contextual socio-cultural attitudes/activities thatcouldhaveabearingonthefutureofUrsus,andtheTractorysite?

From diagnosis, we propose a number of Interventions whichcouldhappen,orbegin tohappenwithin thenext3-5years.Weconsider the actors and institutions that couldmake this happenthrough funding, organisation/implemenation and how this mightsocio-spatiallyimpactthesite/districtintheshort-mediumterm.

These interventions could simply bemeanwhile uses to activatetheTractory sitewhilemore long term investment is sought.Or,

thesemeanwhileusescouldinfactactasacatalysttokickstartarevolutionofneweraofcreativity,productivityandconsumptioninthisplace.With this inmind,weexplorepotentialoutcomesfromsomeoftheinterventions,whichinparticularfitinwithourconcernsabout long-term environmental issues [at the global scale] andhow thesemightbechallengedat the local scale.Wecall theseexplorations:Interventions/Prognosis.

Finally,weconsiderwhattheoverallPrognosismightbe,andhowitmightimpactonthehumanexperienceofthisplace.Ifall,orevensomeoftheseinterventionswereimplemented,couldthesecreateaTractorysitethatismorecoherant,holistic,humane?

CouldwethenbegintodiscussthepossiblyofhumaninhabitationoftheTractorysite?

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A Strategy for Urban Synthesis >Diagnosis >> L: Site

I: ContextG: SituationA Strategy for Urban Synthesis and (L/I/G) Relatedness

.... >>

Interventions >>

Interventions/Prognosis >>

Prognosis >>

L: #1-5 years: Meanwhile UsesMeanwhile Use: The Arts as a Catalyst...Meanwhile Use: Allotments...Meanwhile Use: Enterprise Incubator...Meanwhile Use: Bio-remediation...

I: #3-10+ years: Bioremediation as a CatalystBioremediation as a CatalystHemp as Raw MaterialBioremediation + Biomass

G: #8+ years: District SymbiosisWaste as NourishmentEnergy Production + outputsByproduct: Clean WaterDistrict SymbiosisAnd the Oligocene Wells?

(L/I/G): Possible OutcomesPermeabilityIndustrial HeritageResidential?Identity, Diversity + Activity

SummaryReferences

ABANDONED/DERELICT OPEN SPACE

ABANDONED/DERELICT/VACANT BUILDING

OPEN SPACE IN USE

BUILDING IN USE

LAND/BUILDING ON SITE USE/NON-USE

L/I/G: Site> Diagnosis

SiteInwalkingaroundthetractorysite,animmediateobservationofsymptomsrelatingtothepoliticalsituation,theperceptionofnon-use,wasmorethanlikelygroundedintheapparentlackofinhabitationofsomebuildings,plotsandinbetweenspaces.Thisperception,insomecases,wasappropriate,howeverinothercaseswasverymuchanassumptionanddidnotrelatetoeithertheactivitywithinorthevalueofthatactivity.

Inthecontextofthelegalarguementwhichconteststhisdesignationofnon-functional-theerror[assumption] appears to be based on a cursory glance at the external situation, rather than anindepthinvestigationofuse,inhabitationandvalue.

Symptoms + DiagnosisOurinvestigationsledustodiagnosetworootsinthisproblem:Thefirstistheblankfaade>themega-monolithic andhomogenous surfaceof the inhumane scale that beliedwhatwasactuallyhappening inside.On thesurface, there is little thatmakesmanifest the richnessofproductivityinside, not to mention the immaterial stories - hertiage, socio-cultural and economic impact,networksandsynergiesthatcontributetothesenseofaplace.Thesecondrootistheappearanceofabandonmentresultinginderelictionanddecay[=devaluing]

Thespacesbetweenbuildingsarethosethatpeoplemostengagewithonalevelthatisperhapslessaware than thesortofengagementwithin.Thus,anysortof future for the tractorymustbebasedonanengagement,whichislikelytobebasedonapositivevaluationwhichmaybesocial,economicorcultural.Thisprocessof valuationcouldbeamanipulationwhich leads toasenseofresponsibilityorownership-amechanismtoprovokeanindignation[andpotentiallyafiercelyprotection]and/orevokememory[andagainprotection?]

So,whatthencanbedonetoprovoke/evokethis?

The varying character of the District of Ursus

Context / Character

Ursus has distinctive characterareaswhichsurroundtheTractorysite and two main typologiesof residential use - namely:private, single family homes andcommunalblocksofapartments.

Throughoutthecontext,therearenumerousindividualbusinessandcommercial enterprises, howeverit could be said that the socio-culturalcentreofUrsushasformedaround theprimary trainstation -PKPUrsus.However,thisisntsomuch a centre [if comparedwithatypicalUKhighstreet]asmoreconcentrated pockets of non-residentialuse.

In terms of what this mightmean forany interventionon theTractorysite-thismappingmightpotentiallyidentifyfutureusesthatarerelatedtowherepeoplemightcurrentlybeandhowthenthiscanexpand/grow/evolve to take in awidersphere.

L/I/G: Context> Diagnosis

INDUSTRIAL / COMMERCIALSINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

COMMUNAL APARTMENTS

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

FARMLAND

FARMLAND

CENTRE

COMMUNAL APARTMENTS

agriculture/farms

allotments

gardens

Diagnosis: Farmers/Gardeners

Cultivation In Ursus, and context

Gardeners + FarmersGardening/Cultivating hasbeenidentifiedasastrongpartof Polish leisure culture witha high number of allotmentsthroughoutthecity.Additionally,and particularly in the case ofUrsus, thedistrict isperipheraland peri-urban. In fact, it isalmostapeninsula-surroundedon three sides by farmlandwith a distinctive blurring ofboundaries between rural andurban.

A phenomenon that wasobserved in the inhabitedUrsussurroundingtheTractorysitewasthenumberofprivate,detached single family homeson large plots with largegardens. This was in starkcomparison to the areas ofcommunal housing wheresense of ownership might belacking, reducingmotivation tocultivatecommonland.

EntrepreneursAsecondobservation thathasa bearing on this strategy iswhatseemsahighproportionofback-yardorcottageindustriesinthesurroundingcontext.Thisisparticularlynoticeable in theareasthatcanbecharacterisedassinglefamilyhomesonlargeplots,orinotherwordscapacitytobuildabackyardworkplace.

And, as is the case with thegardening observation, in theareas characterised by blocksof communal housing, thiscapacitysimply isnt there -soperhapsinhibitingopportunitiesforbackyardentrepreneurialismfortheseresidents.

Approximate concentration and locations of cottage industries

Cottage/Backyard Industry

L/I/G: Context> Diagnosis

Oligocene WellGasPowerHeatingSewage/DrainageWaterPylons/Power Lines

SituationOutof site, inconsiderationof thegeneralsituation inUrsus/Warsaw/Poland/EU,therehaveemergedsomedisturbingissues-mostly related to theenvironmental context -howeverwhichhas a serious impacts on everyday life as well as long termconsequencesrelatingtohealth,society,economyandculturalvalues.

Water/Waste/EnergyPolandisstillemergingfromtheheritageoftheironcurtainandindustrialisation.Atpresent,notallcitizenshaveaccesstoclean,potablewaterandeveninWarsaw,thecapitalcity,Varsoviansareobligedtoeitherpurchasebottledwater,orvisitanOligocenewellwheredeepgroundwaterisdrawnthattheycanthentakehometodrink/cook.ItisalmostincomprehensiblethatacapitalcityintheEU,in2012,isinthissituation.Moreover,WarsawscentralpositionontheVistula-placesitatthemercyofsewage,agricultural and industrial effluent from upstream activities.Atpresent the majority of rivers in Mazovia are categorised asClassIIIquality,andwhilethewaterqualityisimproving,itmaybe some time before surface water quality reaches Class I,whichistherequirementforhumanconsumption[andprobablya healthy ecological habitat]. The Vistula River Basin coversapproximatelytwothirdsofPolandsoremedialactioncannotbelimitedtoplacesonlydirectlyconnectedtotheVistula.

Tied in with this is Polands [currently] poor records on wasterecycling. Again, due to EU accession and regulations, thissituation is improving and there is lots of investment inwasteinfrastructure - however there ismuch to be done in order toreach50%recyclingtargetsby2020. Krakow

Bydgoszcz

Gdansk

Gdynia

Warsaw

Sandomierz

Plock

Wloclawek

Torun

Grudziasz

Elblag

Pulawy

Warsaw, on the Vistula; and Oligocene Water Shots throughout the city

L/I/G: Situation> Diagnosis

#1 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTIONS

Meanwhile Use: The Arts as a Catalyst...

Meanwhile Use: Allotments...

Meanwhile Use: Enterprise Incubator...

Meanwhile Use: Bio-remediation...

Diagnosis > Interventions >>>

OUTDOOR GALLERY

CULTURAL HERITAGE

UPCYCLE

SCULPTUREPARK

COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS

ART MARKET

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FOODpark

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ARTMEANWHILE

Ursus Outdoor Gallery: concept plan

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Giant Facade = Giant CanvasApotentiallysignificantimpactonthedirectionofthisstrategyisintheimplementationofthisfirstquick and dirty intervention- a festival that invites artists to use the giant facades as acanvasforart.Thiswouldeffectivelytransformthetractoryintoahugeoutdoorgallery,providinganother layer of useontopoftheexistingindustrialactivities.Artists would be invited to use this opportunity to showcasetheirwork,howevercouldalsobeencouragedtousethespaces[perhaps through commisioning] by business owners to usethe facades to advertise/manifest what goes on inside; oralternativelytocelebratetheroleoftheTractoryinhistory-bothin termsof products andpolitical influence - for example, the1976protests.

Community Participation/EngagementThemostcrucialelementofthisinterventionistheinvolvement of Ursus residents -particularly,as the transformationof thetractory site into a giant gallery is partly for their benefit anduse, but this event is also a mechanism to establish the significance of the tractory site in their hearts as a part ofUrsusculturalandindustrialhistory.Involvementcouldsimplybethrougha programme that invites participation through diversity and varietyofevents[music,performances] as well as the gallery, and the creation of thegallery.However,itwouldalsobeagoldenopportunitytoengageresidentsincommunity art-throughworkshopsthatculminateina temporaryorsemipermanentdisplayof localprojectsonsite.CommunityArtworkshopscouldpotentiallymakeuseoftherich supply of waste materialsavailableonsite-manyofwhichareuncontaminatedandwouldbesafe tohandle, forexample, inthecreationofcommunityart/sculpture,products.

#1.1 INTERVENTION >> The Arts as a Catalyst...

The Who and The HowAnumberoforganisationshavebeenidentifiedashavingpotentialtobothorganiseeventsandengagethecommunityinthisintervention,aswellasprocurefundingfromlocal,stateandeuropeansources:

ArsuslocatedontheTractorySitewithacinema,galleryand

communityspace,Arsus[CulturalCentre]organisesmanyeventsatlocal,city,regionalandnationalscale.ItispossiblytheculturalheartofUrsusandhasthepotentialtoprovidea

bridgebetweenartistsandresidents.

Stowarzyszenie SKORO [Since Association]aimstopromotesocialengagementandactivecitizenshipamongstinhabitantsofUrsuswithastrongemphasisonlocalidentity.Thisgroupwerestrongsupportersandpromoters

oftherecentCULBURBeventsthattookplaceinUrsus.

CulturalInstitutionssuchasBiuro Kultury[CultureOfficewithintheCityofWarsaw

Authorities]whoareobligedtoco-operatewith[andpotentiallysponsor/fund]local

neighbourhoodculturalinitiatives.

There are a number of EU funded Culture Programmes whichaimtoenhancetheculturalareasharedbyEuropeans,develop cooperation between actors as well as encouragingactive citizenship through theengagement and involvement ofcitizensandcivilsocietysinartsandculturalinitiatives.

Industrial Sponsorship/Patronage therearemanycommercialorganisationswhocouldbenefitfromassociatingwiththesetypesofevents.Additionally,evenactors

onsitecouldcommisionsitespecificworkthatcouldmakemanifestonthefacade/canvaswhatishappeninginside.

Street art is the ability to contribute to: the space, the city

and the art. Street art is an extension of natural energy, which

gives the city a whole new character. This is a manifestation of

constructive dissent

KatowiceStreetArtFestivalWebsite

Ursus Outdoor Gallery: concept section

Precedent #2 > See No Evil, BristolForthelasttwoyears,BristolsNelsonStreetAreahasbeentransformed,andtransformed again by the See No Evil Festival which brings street artists ofinternational standing toBristol inorder to celebrateoutdoorart.The festival[whichtakesplaceoveraweekend]attracted50,000peoplein2012,andfromthis,whatwasonceadrabstreet leadingtoBristolsmainshoppingareahasbecomeadestinationfortouriststhroughouttheyear.

Bristolsidentityisfastbecomingsynomonouswithstreetartandgraffiticulture,and the cities authorities recognise that this gives Bristol a unique place inpeoplesheartsasacreative,thrivingandbuzzingcity.

Precedent #1 - Katowice Street Art FestivalThis festivalwasheld in theSelisiancityofKatowice inApril,2012.With thesupportoftheCityCouncil,andwitharangeofbothlocal,nationalandinternationartists,thecitybecamean artistic work in progress.Particularattentionwaspaidtothe forgotten parts of the cityinaneffortbringnewlifeandinteresttotheseplaces,aswellslightlymoremonumental,showpieceworks.

Precedent #3 > Platform: Ursus [Cooperativa Studio]With local partners, Arsus, Raphael and Urzd Dzielnicy Ursus, Culburbproject,Platforma: Ursuswasasearch for thecurrent identityofUrsuswasapretexttotalk,withthepeopleofthedistrict.Where is the heart of Ursus?Howtheywouldliketoseeitpresentedtotheoutside?HowdoesitfeeltoliveinUrsus?Dopeoplefeelconnectedtothisplace?

Platform:Ursus did not leave any permanent traces in the city - but ratherintendedtogiveUrsusavoiceandamemory.

Layered Uses Precedents:

Proposed Allotments

Proposed Allotments on site

Alternative/additional allotment plots on site and in context

Existing Allotments

OUTD

OOR GALLERYU

PC

YCLING W

OR

KSHOPS

COMMUN

ITY ART

URSU

S ALLOTM

EN

TS

CITY

ALLO

TMENTS

EU

FUNDING

BUIR

O K

ULT

URY

SKO

RO

ENTR

EPRENEURS

URSUS FARM

ER

S, G

ARDENERS AND

ALLO

TMEN

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TY S

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MRR

EU FUNDI

NG

SWISS GRA

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IRCEE

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[MIN

ISTR

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IENCE + HE]

STOWARZYS

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METAL

PLASTIC

PAPER

AllotmentsAlmost half of the land on thesite is currently unbuilt uponandsocouldbeconsideredasavailable for meanwhile uses,while owners either decidedwhat to do with the land, oracquire funding for their nextstep.

There is a tradition in warsawof in-between gardens, calledtymczasowy, or temporary.These allotments would betymczasowy. Offered on theunderstandingthatcultivationisfleeting-andsowouldperhapsneedtobemobile,ormoveable.

#1.2 INTERVENTION >> Allotments

ArsusandStowarzyszenieSKORO[SinceAssociation]couldpromotecultivationeventsandworkshops,withpotentiallytheabilitytoobtainfundingundertheEUsCulturalProgramme.

consent from land-ownerswouldberequiredinordertodesignateplotsformeanwhilecultivationwithan

agreementonameanwhiletenancyperiod.

Theremay need to be a high-level, light management of theoveral allotment programme.An organisation that couldpotentially include this in theirremit is Stowarzyszenie Ekologiczny Ursus [UrsusEcologicalAssociation].

Zarzad Dzielnicy Ursus[UrsusDistrictCouncil]

InstitutionalInvolvementwouldbebeneficialtomanagetheallocationofplots.UrsusDistrictCouncilhasthepotentialtoconnectandengagewithresidentsandpotentialcultivators,andcouldeffectivelynoticeboardtheplotavailabilityandmanageawaitinglistforinterestedresidents.

Possible OutcomesWithgrowinguseof thesitecouldcome demand for other services- such as catering/social spaces.These would possibly clusteraroundtheallotmentsites.Additionally,linkscouldbecreatedwith the market on KazimierzaGierdziejewskiego where surplusproduce could be exchanged orsold.

ContextWith an existing socio-culturalcontext of allotment tending in thecity,andinUrsus-ameanwhileuseofallotmentsonthesitehasgreatpotentialto bring residentswithout access to landtogetherinasocialatmosphere.

piXXE areanorganisationthathaveanumberofprojectsinWarsawthathaveattheirheartexperimentalexplorationoftheenvironment[SoilGarden,RailroadGarden,EdibleWarsaw].Throughtheseprojects,workshopsarerunthatinvitemembersofthecommunitytoengagewithfood,gardens,growingandeachother.InvolvingpiXXEinacommunitylevelprojectinUrsuscouldbeagreatwayofpromotingtheprojectandengagingresidentswiththetractorysite.

DZIELNICY URSUSALLOC

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POST-B

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EMED

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ALLO

TMEN

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EXISTI

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NTSTYMCZASOWY

bar?

TYMCZASOWY

ROAD SIDE CULTIVATIO

N

HOPFARM

ALLOTMENTS PHASE #1

ALLOTMENTS PHASE #

2

ALLOTMENTS PHASE ....

ALLOTMENTS PHASE #

3

PAR

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Ursus Incubators: Concept plan

FISH REARING TANK CLARIFICATION

RECIRCULATION OF PURIFIED WATER

SOLIDS REMOVAL [SEWAGE - to biomass or compost and wetlands]

Plants feed on fertilised water [nitrate] while filtering and purifying water

HYDROPONIC BEDS

PHYTODEGRADATION

PHYTOVOLATISATION

PHYTOSTABILISATION

PHYTOEXTRACTION

Pollutant accumulates in harvestable parts of plant tissue

roots enhance microbial activity in rhizosphere leading to degradation of pollutants

pollutant is immobilised but remains in soil

Pollutant removed from soil and released into atmosphere

in volatile form

organic pollutants broken down by plant metabolism

PHYTOSTIMULATION

Aquaponics Systems are designed around natures natural metabolisms in which there is a symbiosis between plants and fish. It is a closed system in that it can be separated from its environment and the only byproduct is fish waste solids which can be allowed to compost - providing nourishment for conventional cultivation.

Precedent: Sweet Water Organics, MilwaukeeSweetWaterOrganicsdescribesitselfasanurbanfarmusingre-purposedindustrialspaceforaquaponicswhichgrowsfreshandsafeproduceforlocalresidents.Anadditionalobjectiveistoprovidearesourceforjobcreationandtorevolutionisethere-useofurbanlandscapes.

Intheheartofanurbanneighbourhood,SweetWaterOrganicsprovidesanexcellentprecedentforanurbanregenertrificationthroughspeculativecapitalism.

How to Cultivate on contaminated land?

AllotmentsThe plots identified vary in terms of overgrowth andcontamination. From the limited testing done, it should beassumed that the soil is heavily contaminated and unsuitableforconventionalcultivationinitspresentstate.However,thereisnothingtopreventcultivationthatisslightlyseparatedfromtheground-suchasgrowbeds,hydroponicsoraquaponics.

The additional advantage of separated cultivation is that itwouldallowthegarden/farmtobemoved-inkeepingwiththeunderyling, inbetween condition of tymczasowy. For example,GrowBedscouldbeontracksorwheelssothatifaplotbecomesnolongervacant,thefarmcouldbewheeledontoanewplot.

I thought I was beginning to understand how the allotment

gardens work here, but now I have discovered a whole

new in-between type of garden, called tymczasowy, or

temporary.

JodieBaltazar,piXXE2012

Precedent #2> Eco-box, Urban TacticsAseriesofself-managedprojectsintheLaChapelleareaofnorthernPariswhichencourageresidentstogetaccesstoandcriticallytransformtemporarymisusedor underused spaces.These projects initiated in 2001 valorise a flexible andreversibleuseofspaceandaimtopreserveurbanbiodiversitybyencouragingtheco-existenceofawiderangeoflife-stylesandlivingpractices

Urbantacticsbeganthisprocessbyestablishingatemporarygardenconstructedoutofrecycledmaterials.Thegarden,calledECObox,hasbeenprogressivelyextendedintoaplatformforurbancriticismandcreativity,whichiscuratedbytheaaamembers,residentsandexternalcollaboratorsandwhichcatalysesactivitiesatalocalandtrans-locallevel.

Precedent #3> piXXE Projects, WarsawpiXXEwhodoprojectsinvolvingexperimentalexplotrationoftheenvironmenthavetwocurrentcommunitygardeningprojectsinWarsaw.ThefirstistheSoilGardenwhichcultivatessoil fromorganicwaste.Wastefoodiscollectedfrommarkets, supermarket bins, restaurants and households and brought to thepiXXEgardenwhereisiscomposted.

Precedent #1> Growing PlacE16, Canning TownThespace...willeventuallybecomethenewtowncentre...butin the meantimeitwillprovideaspaceforfruit,vegetables,culturaleventsandworkshops.Theproject has two parts - firstly, there isa growing space for individual plot holders(atemporaryallotment)calledgreEn16.

Secondly,theprojectisaimedatbringing togetherawiderangeofcommunitygroups-forexample,ahostelforhomelessadults,aresidentsassociation,thescouts,andalearningdisabilitiesgroup.

TYMCZASOWY > Meanwhile Community Cultivation Precedents:

INC

UB

ATOR

MEA

NW

HILE U

SE

SHIPPINGCONTAINERS

OPPORTUNITY

CREATIVITY

INNOVATION

GRADUATES

COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

LOGISTICSOFFICESPACE

RETAIL

ROOMTOGROWcultivating

LABOUR

SYNERGIES

PROXIM

ITY

WORKSPACE

MAKERS

INCUBATOR COMMUNITY

ENTREPRENEURIALISM

RESEARCH+DEVELOPMEN

T

INFRASTRUCTURE

enterpriseAIG/LINCOLNdiamond

BUSINESSPARK

MEN

TOR

ING

SUPPO

RT

You need space..... I need people?Based on diagnosis of the entrepreneurialculture of the district, it is probably a safeassumption that Ursus residents might beinterestedinstartingabusiness-inparticularthosewhomightbelimitedbyeitherspaceorfunding.

FromaCity/State/Euperspective,atpresent,there is great emphasis on enterprisedevelopment in Poland, and in Europe asit has been recognised that in comparisonto the US, levels of entrepreneurialism inthe EU are relatively low. Therefore, it islikely that any initiative that encouragesentrepreneurialismwould havewidespreadinstitutionalandfinancialsupport.

Ursus Incubators: Concept plan

OUTD

OOR GALLERYUP

CYC

LING WO

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COMMUN

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URSU

S ALLOTM

EN

TS

CITY

ALLO

TMENTS

EU

FUNDING

BUIR

O K

ULT

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RO

ENTR

EPRENEURS

URSUS FARM

ER

S, G

ARDENERS AND

ALLO

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RS

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SWISS GRA

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STOWARZYS

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AL

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PAPER

#1.3 INTERVENTION >> Enterprise Incubator

EU Funding + InstitutesThereisconsiderablefinancialsupportfromtheEUto

PolandintheformoftwoERDF Operational Programmes: Human Capital and Innovative Economy.These

fundsaremanagedinPolandbytheMinistryofRegionalDevelopmentwhosplitthefundsamongstanumber

ofInstitutionswhothenactuponandmanagespecificprojectsunderthebanneroftheseEUfunded

programmes.ThethreeinstitutesthatareperhapsmostrelevantinthisdiscussionarePARP[PolishAgency

forEnterpriseDevelopment],Agencja Rozwoju Przemyslu [PolishIndustrialDevelopmentAgency]

andtheMinistry for Science & Higher Education.

The IncubatorOntheTractorysite,thereareanumberofbuildingscurrentlynotinuse,andinreasonablecondition,thatcouldbequickly,andcheaplyconvertedintosmallandmediumsizedunitssuitableforsmallenterprisestogetstarted.Asthisisinitiallyameanwhileusetocreateinhabitationofthesite,therecouldbeanumberofincentivestoencouragetakeup: IncubatorSpaceisrentfreeforaspecifiedperiod>6-12months Mentoringsupport fromexistingactorsonsitewhowouldsignup to

coachnewbusinesses.

Zloty SrodekisalocalUrsus-basedagencywhichfocusonsupportingentrepreneurshipthroughprovisionoftraining

workshops,aswellasadviceonfundingfromstate,EUandalsotheSwiss-PolishCo-operationScheme.

AsisalreadyhappeningwithAsmetandKorurs,furtherlinkscouldbedevelopedwiththevariousHigher Education Instituteswithin thecity in theformationofanacademic/industrial partnership.Thisschemecouldidentify,mentorandsupportgraduateswithinnovativeideasthatcouldprovidearesearch and developmentprogrammewithintheIncubatorfacilityinUrsus.

Anexampleofthis[whichconnectswiththeEnergy/Waste/Waterproposalwithinthis Urban Strategy] could be a partnership between Warsaw Institute of

Technologys researchcentres: Institutional Research Centre for Energy and the Environment [IRCEE] andUniversity Centre for Sustainable

Energy Systems Research [UCSESR]. These centres could linkupwithState institutions such as the Institute of Environmental

Protection - National Research Institute.Apotential industrypartner, already performing R&D in the area of Biofuels is

SGS.WithEnergetyka Ursusinvolvement,theTractorysitecouldbecomeanexcitingTest Siteforemerging

technologiesinEnergy,Wasteandwaterprovision.Initially,businessesmightbevaried,diverseandrelativelyunfocusedhoweverpotentially,particularsectorsmightbetargetedashavingsynergywithanexistingactor/materialorgeneralindustrialagencyontheTractorysite.

Meanwhile use of Buildings to a more Permanent temporary use of Space?Inthefirstinstance,itisproposedthetheincubatoroccupyoneofthemanybuildings

availableonsitewhichcouldrequire consent from land-ownerswithanagreementonameanwhiletenancyperiod.

Inthelikelyeventthatbuildingownersfindafull-payingtenantthenanalternativeincubatorspacecouldtaketheformofshipping containers[transportedbyrail]whichcouldbeadaptabletotheneedsofitsoccupant.Anotheroptionwouldbethatthecontainersremainonwheelscreatingasortofmobile enterprise park.

ThesitingofthisincubatorcouldworkwellwithAIG/LincolnsproposedDiamondBusinessParkinthedevelopment of actor-networks and identifying

potential synergies.

Container SpacesWiththeallotmentspacesfullyoccupiedthroughout theweekend, and growingnumbers of business and people onsite, there might develop a need formorecafes.AMilkBarcontainercoulddeveloplinkswiththeallotmentswhilstprovidingnourishmentfortheTractorysgrowingpopulation

incubator containers: concept section

Precedent #1: Brixton Village, LondonTwenty units in this small, local shopping centre stood empty and so threemonths free rent [over a period of 12months]motivated a diverse range ofentrepreneurs,communitygroups,artists,volunteerstooccupythemwithaviewtolongtermtenancy.

The project is now finished but all units are now let - many to new, localbusinesseswhichemergedfromthemeanwhileproject

Precedent #2: Dekalb Market, Brooklyn, NYDekalbMarketisanewcommunitydestinationinDowntownBrooklyn,housedinacollectionofsalvagedshippingcontainers, thatbring togetherBrooklynscreativeentrepreneurs inacommunitysetting that includean incubator farm,events and performance venue, and a collection of eateries and work-sellspaces.

Itsaim is toprovideeconomicopportunity for [and toconnect thecommunitywith]independantentrepreneursandcreativepeopleinfourbroadcategories-makers,artists,farmersandchefs.

Entrepreneurial Precedents:

primary bioremediation sites

alternative bioremediation sites based on current spatial availability

Proposed Bioremediation sites within the Tractory Site.

Ursus Bio-remediation Proposal

OUTD

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PC

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COMMUN

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URSU

S ALLOTM

EN

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FUNDING

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ULT

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RO

ENTR

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S, G

ARDENERS AND

ALLO

TMEN

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TY S

RODEK

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NT

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[MIN

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RS

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STOWA

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LASSMETAL

PLASTIC

PAPER#1.4 INTERVENTION >> Bio-remediation

Slow HealingEvenwithsomeoftheplotsbeingusedforraisedallotments,itisunlikelythattherewouldbedemandthatwouldutilisealloftheemptyspaceonthetractorysite.Therefore,itisproposedthattheseplotscouldbeplantedwitharangeofphytoremediatorsthatoveraperiodoftimewouldabsorb,degrade,orremovethetoxinsinthesoil.

PhytoremediationCertainplantshavegreatercapacitythanotherstocopewithatoxicenvironment,andwithinthesesomeplantscanmetaboliseparticularcontaminants.Phytoremediationisanareaofsciencethatisinitsinfancy,howevercertaincasestudieshaveproventobesuccessfulasa longterm, lowcostandlessdestructivemeansofremediatingpollutedsites.Depending on the levels and types of contamination,phytoremediationcouldtakeanywherebetween6monthsto40yearsandmightrequiremultiplecrops,howeverinthemeantimeitcancreateaparkland,awetland,awoodlandthatcanbebothavisualandphysicalamenity.

And what then?Afterthesoilhasbeencleanedpotentiallythesitecouldstayasitis-anaforestation,orgreening.Alternatively,allotmentscouldmovetothecleanedsoilwhiletheremediationprocessmovestocleanthesoilwheretheallotmentswere.

Inthelongterm,asexistingbuildingscomeintodis-useandaredemolished-landownerscouldbepersuaded/coerced[throughpolicy]toallowaperiodoftimeforbio-remediationwhichwouldensurethatoveranextendedperiodoftime[century+]theentireTractorysitemighteventuallybereturnedtohealth.

Consent from Land OwnersAtpresent,theplotsidentifiedasbeingspatiallyavailableforbioremediationareownedbyCelticProperties,thereforeconsentwouldneedtobegained.Potentially, the cost savings of natural bioremedation versus the expense of land removal could be a motivating factor.

Local AgenciesTheAssociationfortheDevelopmentofUrsus,andtheUrsusEcologicalAssociationcouldbedrivingforcesinthisproject.Theformerforinitiatingtheprojectandthelaterforimplemetation. Funding

Whilethecostofbioremediationisconsiderablylessthanthecostofremoving3metresofsoil,therewouldstillneedtobeanoutlaytocovercostsofexpertconsultation,plantsandmanagement.ApossiblesourceoffundingtosupplementthecosttothelandownerwouldbeEUERDFfunding-undertheEuropeanCohesionprogramme.TheGEF(GlobalEnvironmentalFacility)couldbeanalternation,non-EUsourceoffundingalso.

Depending on the bioremediators that are used, a potentialoutcomeofthisproposalcouldleadtoanumberofindustrialapplications.

For example - Industrial Hemp is an effectivebioremediator,whilstalsoagoodsource of biomass.IsispossibleforIndustrialHempcropstobegrownonsiteinordertode-pollutethesoil?Couldthiscropthenbeharvestedandusedasbiofuel?Couldthiscropalsobeexplored for itsproperties as a natural fibre- leading tomanufacturing of products suchaspaper,textiles,plastics,constructionmaterials?

Is this possible, or could the toxins be released into the atmosphere through

bio-mass process or fibre extraction?An actor that potentially could explorethese questions is the Institute for

Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, based in Poznan. Is thereanopportunityforthisactortosetupanR&D outpost inTestSiteUrsus to explore whether it ispossible to safely layer thesedifferentuses.

FISH REARING TANK CLARIFICATION

RECIRCULATION OF PURIFIED WATER

SOLIDS REMOVAL [SEWAGE - to biomass or compost and wetlands]

Plants feed on fertilised water [nitrate] while filtering and purifying water

HYDROPONIC BEDS

PHYTODEGRADATION

PHYTOVOLATISATION

PHYTOSTABILISATION

PHYTOEXTRACTION

Pollutant accumulates in harvestable parts of plant tissue

roots enhance microbial activity in rhizosphere leading to degradation of pollutants

pollutant is immobilised but remains in soil

Pollutant removed from soil and released into atmosphere

in volatile form

organic pollutants broken down by plant metabolism

PHYTOSTIMULATION

phytoremediation processes

Phytoremediators:

sunflower (helianthus annuus)

industrial hemp (eg. cannabis sativa L)

mycoremediation

willow (salix viminalis)

bioremediation: concept section

Chernobyl: Phytoremediation of Radioactive toxinsMostofthelandwithina10kmradiusoftheChernobylNuclearPowerPlantisstillheavilycontaminatedafter the1986disastorand todayUkranianofficialsbelieveitwillbeabout20,000yearsbeforetheareaisfitforhumaninhabitation.

In1998,aconsortiumbeganaprocessofbioremediationthroughtheplaningofphytoremediators-sunflowers,willowandIndustrialHemp-fortheremovalofcontaminantsinthegroundnearChernobyl.Sofar,theresultsshowasignificantdecreaseintheextentofcontamination-bringingthepossibilityofreinhabitationcloser.

Fresh Kills, Staten Island [Field Operations]FreshKillsisoneoftheworldslargestdomesticlandfills.Twooffourmoundswerecapped in1997,but the remaining twowere leftopen fordumpinguntil2001.Planstocaptheremainingtwomoundsandturntheentiresiteintoaparkandmonumentfor9/11areunderway.

Thecapwillconsistof5layersandalandfillgascollectionsystemwillbeusedtogeneratedomesticenergy.Inthiscasetheuseofgreenremediationwillnotonlyprevent theunnecessaryexpenditureofenergy,butwill in fact,producenewenergy.

Gas Works Park, Seattle [Richard Haag)GasWorksParkwasoneoftheearliestremediatedsitesinwhichmaterialsofenvironmentalconcernwerekeptonsiteandincorporatedintothedesignoftheproject.Agasificationplantoccupiedthisspacebetween1906and1956leavinghydrocarbonsandtar.Wereitnotfortherecyclingofmuchoftheplantbuildingandsurroundingsoils,thisprojectcouldnothavebeencompletedbecauseofthegreatcostofremoval.

Moreover,theapplicationofgreenremediationmeantthatthesevastamountsofrecycledmaterialwerenotcontributingtosecondaryenvironmentalissues.

Bioremediation Precedents

#2 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTION / PROGNOSIS > Bioremediation as Catalyst....

Bioremediation as Cataylst

New / Alternative / Renewable Raw Materials

Renewable Energy Production

From Bio-remediation +

Enterprise Incubator >>>>

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energy

energy

biomass crops [industrial hemp crops]

Institute for Natural Fibres R&D Centre

Potential Manufacturing Enterprise

Energetyka Ursus

Industrial Hemp

Alternative sou

rces of

biomass

Altern

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of biom

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Ursus Hemp Production Concept Plan

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Bioremediation as Catalyst....

The Possibilities for Industrial Hemp:Oneofthepossibleoutcomesfromtheproposedmeanwhile uses is the potential for alternativeapplications for a bioremediation crop. Inparticular, Industrial hemp is been identifiedas havingmultiple useswhich, on theTractorysite, could be layered to benefit a number ofstakeholders.

TheInstitute for Natural

Fibrescouldbeakeyactorininitiatingandimplementingresearchrelatingtothesafelayeringofuseofabioremediationcropforenergyorindustrialapplications.TheinstituteiscurrentlybasedinPoznanbutisinvolvedinanumberofEUfundedprojectswithnationalandinternationalpartnersthatfocusonindustrialandbio-energyapplicatinsforrenewable,naturalfibres,suchasthe

Crops 2 Industryproject.

Energetyka Ursus wouldbeastrongpartnerintesting,andsupporting[funding?]researchanduseof[potentiallytoxic]industrialhempasbiomass.Thisislikelytorequireinvestmentinadditionalfacilitiessuchaspyrolysis.

Potential applicationsforindustrialhemp,whichhave been tried, tested and marketed are: paper,textiles,plasticsandconstructionmaterial.This rawmaterialcouldstillbeconsideredanemergingareaofresearchandthus,theUrsus Hemp Researchfacilitycouldfocusonalternativeuseswhichmaylinkinwithexistingmanufacturingandindustrialactivities on site, link in with the emergingincubatorenterprises,orproposeanentirelynewindustrytakingUrsusforwardintermsofinnovationandindustry.

Any waste materials frommanufacturing process could

form a synergy with EnergetykaUrsusandusedasbiomass.

Understandably,withanymajorinvestment,EnergetykaUrsuswouldrequireaguaranteesufficientquantitiesofbiomasstojustifythecapitaloutlay.Itis

unlikelythattheareaoflandputasideforbio-remediationwillprovideenoughbiomassforanysignificantsortofenergyproduction.

Additionally,asUrsusincreasesinpopulation,wealthandhealth,landislikelytobecomeforvaluableforhumanactivityratherthanagricultural

use.Biofuelneedscouldbemetthroughsourcingcropsfromexternalsourceswhichwouldbe

transportedtotheCHPplantontheexistingrailwayconnections.

Another,moreproximateandresilientalternative,aswillbeexploredlaterinthisstrategy,wouldbetoexploitthethousandsofcubicmetresproducedbyUrsusDistrictresidentseveryday.Thisisasourceofbiomassthatwillnotdisappear,andinfactislikelytoincreasethroughtheforescastedgrowingpopulation

Crop Production - Fibre Extraction - Textile Manufacting - Garmet Production - Retail - Consumption

New/Alternative Renewable Raw Materials

Existing and Emerging Uses for Hemp

Food

Pharmaceuticals

Cosmetics

Paper

Textiles

Fuel

Plastics / Composites

Building Materials

onyx hemp bike prototype

plastic hemp - weighing scales

hempcrete

hemp seeds

Hemp Oil and Hemp Granola....

Note: This document is printed on hemp paper

thermo-hemp - insulation

Adidas Hemp show

thread, rope, twine > carpet, clothing

Limited tests on cannibis demonstrate that marijuana could be an effective treatment for: Pain; Chemotherapy, Hepatitis CAIDS, Cancer, Glaucoma, Spinal Injury, PTSD, MS...

Hemp as Biomass

Proposed biomass fields [based on first phase of bioremediation]

Energetyka Ursus Facility

Raw Material Flow

Energy Flow

Hemp as biomass > Alternative BiofuelsAswellasremediatingthecontaminatedsoil,industrialhempishighinbiomassandquickgrowing[fromseedtothreemetresinfourmonths]whichmeansitcouldbeusedasbiofuelinenergyproduction.

Onsite,EnergetykaUrsuscouldusetheexistingrailwaylinestotransportharvestsfromthefieldstotheenergyplant. If thecrop grown on site is insufficient, additional biomass can betransportedviarailfromcropsgrownelsewhereinPoland.

However,itshouldberecognisedthatitisunlikelythatanareaofthissizewouldcontinuetobeusedforagriculture-particularlyifthepopulationofUrsus,andWarsawgrowsasisforecast.Inthis event, the land is likely to increase in valueandbecomemore viable as for human activities - such as commercial orresidential.ThisisexploredfurtherinthePrognosispartofthisstrategy.

Anobviousquestionmightbe-whybecomereliantonbiofuelif the primary source will disapper? This strategy proposesthat industrial hemp is not the primary source - rather it is aby-productofanotherprocess[bio-remediation].Theuseasabioful could simply be through incineration [whichEnergetykaUrsusalreadyintendtoinvestininordertoburnmunicipalsolidwaste],howeverthisstrategysuggeststhatthereisanalternativesourceofconstantlyrenewable,reliableandextremelyresliantbiofuelwhichisproximatetoTractory-sewage.Thisrichsourceofenergycouldbeamotivatorforinvestmentinadifferenttypeofenergytechnology-pyrolysis.

Renewable Energy Production

#2 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTION / PROGNOSIS > Waste / Energy / Water

Waste as Nourishment

Energy Production & Outputs

Byproduct: Clean Water

District Symbiosis

And the Oligocene Wells?

From Enterprise Incubators +

Bioremediation >>>>

Waste as Nourishment

EU/State/City ContextWithPolandsaccessiontotheEUcameanumberofenvironmentaltargets thatwouldneed tobemet.Alongwith thisarebillionsofeuros of funding from the EUs cohesion fund which aims tobringnewmemberstatesup toEuropeamStandards inareasofinfrastructure.Allcountrieshaveenergytargets[carbonemissions],andPolandinparticularhasissuesrelatingtowasteandwatermanegement.

Waste/Water/EnergyStemming from thebioremediationandentrepreneur initiatives intheearly part of this strategy comesa question - is there singlewaythatUrsus,atleast,candealwithitsownenergy/waste/waterissues-andsetaprecedentthatcanultimatelyseePolandswaterqualityimprove,minimisewasteandproducecleanenergy?

The strategy situates a number of players in Ursus that couldpotentiallyimpactthis.AtthecentreofitisEnergetykaUrsus,whoisalreadydealingwithEnergy,WasteandWateron theTractorySite. This strategy proposes that Energetyka Ursus tenders ornegotiates with Ursus District Council, and Warsaws municipalWater and Sewage Body, MPWIK for control of Ursus wastesorting[notnecessarilycollection],andwatersupplyandsewagetreatement.ThiswouldeffectivelyprovideEnergetykaUrsuswithacompletelyrenewableenergysource-municipalsolidwasteandsewage.

However, in order not to demean ongoing efforts to promoteminimisationofwaste,aswellasrecycling/upcyclingopportunities,waste as nourishment is focused on using only waste whichcannotbere-usedforanyotherpurpose.Inanyeffect,Polandisstillrequiredtomeetitsrecyclingtargetsthereforeawastesortingcentrewouldbearequirement.

WASTE

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Waste as Nourishment

MPWIK Wodociagi Warszawskie,[BoardofMunicipalWater&SewageinWarsaw]areresponsibleforall

waterandwastewatertreatmentanddistributioninthecity.Inthisstrategy,MPWIKrelinquishcontrolofUrsus

waterandsewagetreatmenttoEnergetykaUrsuswhowilltakeresponsibilityforsewers,mainssupply,watertreatmentand

wastewatertreatement.

WithPolandsacessiontotheEUcommunitycameanumberofenvironmentaltargetsthatwouldneedtobereached.By2015,separatedwastecollectionneedstobeimplementedwith50%recycled,anationalnetworkofwastewatertreatmentplantscompleted.By2030,Polandaimstosupplycleanwatertoallofitscitizens.Withthesetargetsinplace,failuretocomplyresultsininfringementfines.Thus,pressurefromthetopisfilteringdowntolocalmunicipalitiestoresolvetheirwaterandwastemanagement.

ConnectedwiththeIncubatorinitiativeimplementedinthe

early/meanwhilestageofthisstrategyisanacademic/industrial

partnershipwithafocusonsustainablerenewableenergy/waste/watertechnologiesand

management.ThisresearchactivitywouldbewhatgivestheTractorysiteanedgeintermsoftakingforwardnew

[orexisting]technologieswithaviewtotestingandputtinginplaceadistrictsymbiosis

dealingwiththeissuesofwaste,energyandwater.

Withwastenowbeingseparatedatsourcecomesanopportunityforrecyclingand

upcycling.EnergetykaUrsus,proceedingwithitsintenttoharvestenergyfrom

wasteopensaWasteSortingcentrefromwhichrecyclablesareextractedandonforwardedforre/upcycling.

newsupplyofrecycledmaterials

onsiteopensdoorsforalternativesynergies,ornew

industriesinthetractorysite/districtEnergetykaUrsusinvestsinsewage

treatmentandpyrolysisfacilityinordertobeabletoextractenergyfrombothbiomassandsewage.

ThisisascaleddownmodeloftheCzajkafacility

IncompliancewithEUtargets,UrsusDistrictCouncilhasimplementedseparatedatsource[home]wastecollections.ForafewyearsthisissenttoanotherwastesortingcentreinWarsaw

Throughthepyrolysisprocess,waterisextractedwhichrequiresfurthertreatement

beforebeingdischargedintothewatertable.AconstructedwetlandsinbuiltontheTractorysiteandhandlesallwastewaterproducedintheDistrict.

OthersitesinUrsusarealsoidentifiedashavingpotentialforwetlands

construction.Thecleaneffluentcanbeusedforgreywaterinallotments.

Withthepyrolysisfacilityinplace,Ursusdomesticsewageisnowredirectedtothe

Tractorysite.Sludgeisseparatedandconvertedtobiogasthroughpyrolysis.

ThisenergyisthenreturnedtothepeopleofUrsuswhoprovidedthefuel

inthefirstplace.

Waste as Nourishment

Pyrolysis Facility

Munipcal Waste Sorting Centre

pyrolysispyrolysis

Waste Input

Energy Output

power o

utput

power o

utput

powe

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ut

powe

r outp

ut

sewagedomestic sewage and wastewater treated. sludge separated, compacted and dried and used as biomass

sewage municipal solid wastedomestic waste sorted. recyclable/upcycling separated, remainder compacted and used as biomass

municipal solid waste

Waste/Energy Flows

Energy Production & Outputs

Capacity + PotentialAtpresentthePruskowplanthandlesapproximately38,000m3ofsewageperdayfromUrsusand4otherdistricts.Thiswouldconverttoapproximately4,000mofbiogasperdaywhichwouldpowerabout80homes.ObviouslythisisnotenoughtopowertheentiredistrictofUrsushoweveritisastart.And,ultimatelytheprimarypurposeofthistypeofplantisnotenergyproduction,butwastewatertreatement,theenergyproducedisabyproduct-abonus.hismeansofwastetreatementiseffectivelykillingtwobirdswithonestone.

PyrolysisPyrolysisistheprecursertogasificationandtakesplaceaspartofbothgasificationandcombustionthroughthermaldecompositionat very high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.A longestablished example of this process is charcoal burning. Theproducts of pyrolysis are solid [char], liquid [condensate] andgas[syngas].ThePyrolysis lowchart indicatesthe inputsandprocessesrequiredinordertoproduceenergy.

Precedent: Czajka Wasterwater Plant, WarsawTheCzajkaWastewaterPlanttothenorthofWarsawhasbeenrecentlyupgradedtohandlethermalutilisationofsludgeinordertoproduceenergy.Theplantcanhandle435,000m ofsewageperday, treatingallof thewastewater from theWarsaws rightbank.Thisproducesapproximately46,000m ofbiogaswhichconverts to approximately 57,500kW/h of electricity per day. This is enoughelectricitytosupplyapproximately1,000homesperday.

The Czajka plant is Polands first completed effort at modernising its entirewastewatersystemunderEUtargets.

Czajka Wastewater Treatment PlantNorth East Warsaw

SEWAGE

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

SCRAP TYRES

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

SORTING

RECYCLING + UPCYCLING

DRYING + SHREDDING

SLUDGE DRIER

SETTLEMENT & SEPARATION

PELLETING

PELLETING

PYROLYSIS1500C

GAS CLEANING STORAGE

ELECTRICITY GENERATION

PYROLYSIS5000C

METALS & SLAG[carbon black]can be used in asphalt

RAW MATERIAL

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

CLEAN WATER

CLEAN EXHAUSTWATE

RCO

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Proposed Waste to Energy Material Flows for Ursus via Pyrolysis process.

Ursus Energy Exchange

pyrolysis effluent

constru

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Proposed constructed wetlands on tractory site

Energetyka Ursus facilities

Material flows

Proposed sites for additional wetlands

constru

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pyrolysis effluent

Waste/Water Flows

Ursus Wastewater Strategy

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PAPER

Byproduct: Clean Water

Waste to Energy ByproductTheprocessofconvertingwastetoenergyinvolvesseparatingsludgefromthewastewaterwhichcreatestwooutputs-energyandwater.Thewaterstill requiresbiological treatmentandsoaconstructedwetlands isproposedon the tractorysitewhichcouldhandlesomeofthiswastewater.

Constructed WetlandsThisstategyproposesthattheWetlandsbesitedontheNorthofthesite.Whileodourisgenerallynotaproblemwithconstructedwetlands,thissitehasbeenchosenbecauseitisisolatedfromresidentialareassothatontheraredayswheretheremightbeodourissuesitwouldbeunlikelytocauseproblems.Additionally,this siting is less likely toencounterpolitical opposition in theplanningstages.Athirdreasonwouldbethecreationofhabitat-againinthisisolatedplot,otherthanthenoisepollutionfrompassingtrains,habitatecreationcouldnaturallyflourish.

District Water TreatmentIt isenvisaged that thewetlandsmightactasaprecedent fortheDistrictwhichcouldinstallconstructedwetlandsinplotsthat[currently] appear to be unused. This could handle all of thedistricts sewage, surfacewater runoff aswell as pre-treatedindustrialandagriculturalwastewater.

Long Term ObjectiveThe ultimate aim of this proposal is to improve the health ofPolands rivers so that the water quality can be increased toClass1whichwouldenablepotablewatertobesuppliedfromriversandreservoirsallowedthecurrentlyover-exploiteddeepaquiferstorecover.

MPWIK WithanupturninthequalityofwaterbeingdischargedintotheVistulathroughfiltrationviaconstructedwetlandsandotherwastewatertreatment,monitoringofwaterqualitywillallowriverclassificationtobeupgradedenablingmoreeffectivewatertreatment.

Energetyka Ursus, as the primaryinfrastructural actor on site, wouldbe the responsible for managing theentirewaste toenergy to cleanwaterprocesses. It may be possilble tosimply hack in and redirect existingdrainage systems, however someinfrastructural investment wouldbenecessaryinordertodistributewastewater from thepyrolysisplant to thewetlands.

AdditionalWetlandsthroughoutthedistrictwouldlikelyensurethatUrsusiscompletelyselfsufficientandtakefullownershipofitswastewater,aswellasproviding

forhabitatcreationintegratedamongsthumanactivity.

Gradually,throughincreasedandmorediligentwastewatertreatment,thequality

oftoxicwaterbeingreleasedintheVistulawillbereduced.ThiswillgoalongwaytowardsmeetingPolandstargetofcleanwater

forallby2030.

Handeloh, GermanyThis sewage treatment plant supports30 permanent residents plus visitors.Situatedonahillsideallowsfornaturalgravity flowwithout need to constantartificalpump.

Town of Cobalt, OntarioCobalts constructed wetlands projectwasundertakenin1994andconpletedin 2000, following an environmentalassessment for the town whichconsidered alternative wastewatertreatments. Since operation, the threecell wetlands has attracted a numberof wild species to this new habitat.The wetlands has exceeded forecastexpectations - in particular given itslocationinacoldclimate

Constructed Wetlands Processes Section

solidsseparation

Distributionmanhole#1

Distributionmanhole#2

biologicalpurificationstage

#1[4cells)

biologicalpurificationstage

#2[2cells)

samplecollectionmanhole

topondorswale

publicwalkway

publicwalkway

Wetlands Precedent:

Outline SizingCalculationsarebasedonanestimated50gallonsperpersonper day, and the present population of Ursus [50,000] whichamountsto2,500,000gallons[9,500m]ofsewageperday.Atpresent,nodataisavailableonnon-residentialwaste].

Assuming a BOD influent of 140mg/l with a desired effluentof 10mg/l and a BOD removal capacity of 2.5kg/m/year, thefollowing preliminary formula allows for a rough calculation ofthearearequiredforthiswetlands:

{([influentBOD-effluentBOD]xflowratempd/1000)x365}removalcapacity{([140-10]x9,500/1000)x365}2.5=180,310m

Theareatothenorthofthesiteisabout61,000m,whereasalloftheareasthroughoutthedistri