1st Green Technology Forum, Tokyo, 2012. 3. 14.

MEST / MLTM21st Frontier Research Program

Sung Kim, Senior Research FellowKorea Institute of Construction Technology

Sustainable Water Resources Research Project (2001-2011) in Korea

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I. ChallengesII. OutcomesIII. AssessmentIV. Remarks

Contents

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I. Challenges

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03

Year

Sh

ort

ag

e(M

CM

)

Prcp. In Seoul Water Shortage of Han River Region

More than 4 bil. m3 (2011)

National Water Resources Planning (2006): 791 mil. m3 (2011)

Maximum Drought since 1966

Highly Vulnerable National Water Security: - Han River basin water shortage is 791 mil m3 in case of the worst yr since 1967 (National Water Resources Planning period), however 4 bil m3 for the worst yr since 1900 (historical worst period).

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Source: Hwang (2009)Source: Hwang (2009)

※ Because of high intensity of rainfalls, flood control spaces in multi-purpose dams have been increased.

5년

6년

6년

7년

7년946

Drought occurs every 5-7 yr period since 1970’s and high extremes increases with time.

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River water quality is improving in a long-term basis but not improving in a short-term basis

Geum R.Nakdong R.

Youngsan R.

Seomjin R.

Han R.

Y

G

NSH

Source: National Water Resources Plan (MLTM, 2011)Source: National Water Resources Plan (MLTM, 2011)

※If COD is considered, river water quality has been deteriorated in a long and short term basis.

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High Water Withdrawal (34% of Renewable Water Resources) Egypt

IranRep. of Korea

IndiaSingapore

Spain

South Africa

Italia

ChinaDenmark

FranceJapan

USA

※Because of high withdrawal rate, river WQ is worse than we expected even with major SOC (treatment plants etc.) investments. 7

GW uses increase (www.gims.go.kr)

Number of wells with total volume of use is increasing10% of total water use (3.7 bil m3/yr)Over use (37mm/unit area/yr)50% of observation wells show water level decreasing while 33% increasing

GW Uses in mil. m3/yr

Number of Wells in Thousands8

Groundwater level is decreasing nationwide (Avg. 5.8cm/yr from 2000 to 2009)

Shallow Well

Deep Well

Avg.

※Irrigation water shortage has been supplemented by groundwater supply. No severe drought damage has been occurred at least for the last 20yr period. 9

Korea needs sustainable Water Management

Vulnerable Water Security:

Supply, Qual., GW

Sustainable WM:Surf/Grd, Quan/Qual

Needs Integrated River Basin Water Management

present future

Problems are basin-wide, complex, deteriorating, and zero-sum game.

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Sustainable WR Research ProjectPeriod

Budget

2001. 8. 1 – 2011. 9. 31

147.5 B Won (Gov. 73%, Industries 27%)

77 orgs (Univ. 28, Res 11, Industry 13), 600 people/yrParticipants

MEST 70%, MLTM 30%Ministries

Joint Ministry Program: MEST & MLTMMission: R&D and Implementation for IWRM tools

in monitoring, planning and operation Area: Surface/Ground/Alternative Water

Resources

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SWRR Projects

Surface Water

Streamflow Investigation

SW-GW Interaction Modeling

River Flow and Bed Change

Restoration of Water Cycle

Integrated Water

IWRM Framework

Ubiqutious Monitoring

Hydroinfomatics (HyGIS)

IWRM Planning

River Operation

Water Cycle Analysis

Climate ChangeTechnology Assessment

Ground Water

GW Modeling

GW Management

GW Development

GW Dam

Alternative Water

Water ReuseLeakage ControlRainwater UtlizationDesalinizationAgricultural Water Reuse 12

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Strategies for SWRRP

FusionFusion CapacityBuildingCapacityBuildingImplementationImplementation

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Research teams consist of scientists (hydrologist, meteorologist, geologist, chemist, biologist, etc.) and engineers (civil, agricultural, environmental, forest, electronic, computer etc.)

Collaboration traditional water researchers (hydrologist, civil engineers, etc.) with IT experts.

Research Strategy 1: Fusion

All of outcomes are implemented in practice within the research period.

To facilitate implementation and technology transfer, R&D and implementation are conducted simultaneously.

Research Strategy 2: Implementation

TechImp.

TechDev.

Component/InfraDevelopment

Prototype SystemDevelopment

System Development(Int., Surf, GW, Alt.)

Implementation of IWRMTools

System ImplementationComponent Tech Application

2001 2nd Phase 200720041st Phase 20113rd Phase

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Water Engineers for IRBM

Research Strategy 3: Capacity Building

utsa.eduenglish.education.gov.qa

Water Experts for International ActivitiesTechnology Transfer

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II. Outcomes

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Publications Total and SCI: 1048 and 354Patents Permitted and Applied: 89 and 222SWs Registered: 131Technology Transfers: 55 casesTechnology Implementations: 104 casesTech Book Publication: 105Home Page Clicks: 5.5 mil.

Quantitative Research Outcomes

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19 SW for WR design, planning and operation

River monitoring HW

Water Saving, Reuse, Recycle, Desalination, Leakage control Technologies

Develop and Implement IWRM Tools

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SW Tools for WR Planning & Operation (1)

K-WEAP통합수자원평가계획모형(K- WEAP)

River Operation System

HyGIS

By DR Lee (KICT) By IH Koh (K-Water)By KT Kim (KICT)

CAT RAMSHDAMSSWMM-GE

SW Tools for WR Planning & Operation (2)

By HJ Kim (KICT) By KS Lee (SNU) By IW Seo (SNU)

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HW Tools for River Monitoring

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GPS-RF Float Pole

Image River Stage

MonitoringBoat

By W Kim (KICT) By W Kim (KICT) By JK Lee (DPCS)

Development of Leakage Detection Systemby JY Ku (SU)

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96/5/15 96/6/14 96/7/14 96/8/13 96/9/12

Time(days)

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g/L

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Risk Analysis

Exp. Basin Quality

Soil

Waste Water Reuse System for IrrigationBy SW Park (SNU)

Soil Water QualityWater Quality HealthHealth

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96/Jan 96/May 96/Sep 97/Jan 97/May 97/Sep

Runoff (mm)

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Rainfall (m

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EcologyEcology

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Develop Field Level Tech Establish Tech. Center Improving Tech.

Pilot Project(Suwon, 2006)

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Jeju Island Test Site

Flood Mgmt & Artificial Recharge by YJ Kim (KIGAM)

2010. July – Sep. 2.5 mil. m3 of flooded water artificially recharged

Surface Water-Groundwater Linking Modelby NW Kim (KICT)

A module for simulating paddy rice fields was added to SWAT , and linked to MODFLOW for simulating surface-ground water interaction with fully-coupled manner.

A module for simulating paddy rice fields was added to SWAT , and linked to MODFLOW for simulating surface-ground water interaction with fully-coupled manner.

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HighHigh--Res.

Res.

IKONOS

IKONOS

LowLow--Res.

Res.MODIS

MODIS

HydroKorea by J Kim (YU)

EcoEco--hydrologic/Biohydrologic/Bio--physical Modelsphysical Models

KoFluxKoFlux SupersitesSupersites

P. B. L.P. B. L.

SoilSoil

Tower HTower H22OO

Flux footprint

Stable IsotopesStable IsotopesGIS / MAPPINGGIS / MAPPING

HydrologyHydrology

Graphic Courtesy of Bigfoot Program27

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74 Ph.Ds, 347 MSs, 36 BSs graduates89% of graduates are working in water area

Capacity Building

74 times of tech workshop during 2007-2011Weekly Newsletter for 10,000 people

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III. Assessment

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Survey Results for Research Products

Intention to use: Yes (92%); No (3%); No reply (5%)

Competitive power: Very High (20%); High (58%); Medium (20%); Low (2%)

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Equivalent to 3.7 bil m3 of new water suppliesActual water development, savings or reuse by

application: 106 mil m3 (GW Recharge 40 mil; Waste water reuse 60 mil; Water savings by leakage control 1 mil)

Tech potential estimated: 3.6 bil m3

Technology Potential of Outcomes

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IV. Remarks

2. Sustainable Water Resources Research Project (SWRRP) has been conducted successfully from 2001 to 2011.

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Summary and Conclusions

1. Water Management in Korea lacks in sustainability because of extremes of climate, climate change, over use and others.

3. SWRRP developed SW and HW tools for sustainable water management, and outcomes were assessed to have technology potential of 3.7 bil m3 of new water supplies.

3. Implementation activities could have been many folds than we achieved if institutional framework (ex. Water Management Law) were established.

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Discussions and Recommendations

1. For water resources research, a long-term, ten-year research program like SWRRP, could be effective for research, development and implementation within the project period.

2. In water resources research, a interdisciplinary project (ex. SWRRP) could be effective to link scientist with engineers and to develop practical outcomes.

Thank you for attention