Sustainable waste

management and petroleum

sludge

Dunja S. Sokolovic, Dragan D. Govedarica

Faculty of Technology, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad

Main principles of sustainable oily

waste management

waste source reduction

reusing

recycling

composting

incineration with energy recovery

fuel production

waste treatment

Sustainable waste management in oil

refinery

Implementation is driven by :abatement air pollution from process units

production of environment friendly fuels

Waste management in oil refinery

- out of the main environmental activities

Oil Refineries :

big and fully integrated installations

manage huge amount of raw materials (crude oil)

intensive consumers of energy and water

generate emissions to atmosphere, water and soil

IPPC Directive – controls refineries operations

Emission and consumption in oil

refineryhuge amount of crude oil → do not generate substantial quantities of waste

Waste generation in oil refinery

Type of Waste Percentage

The BREF on Mineral Oil and

Gas RefineriesThe European IPPC Bureau → develop BREF document → assist implementation of the IPPC directive on oil and gas refineries

BREFs - specific guidance,what may be technically and economically available to industry – waste managment programm

→ Improving environmental performance

Technical Working Group - TWG - meeting in December 2008observed deficiency:

no capacity or Nelson index has been taken into account

does not cover data about classification of refinery waste, nor assessing whether the waste is toxic or not (Waste List Decision 2000/532/EC and 2001/573/EC)

BREF document

→ waste management programelements for preventing waste generation

pollution prevention techniques ( for soil and

ground water)

Analyses of BREF :

Some elements are not acceptable for many refineries

built 40 years ago

Waste management programmeImplementation of a sludge master plan with the aim to reduce the sludge generated

Clean and assembly only in especially constructed and dedicated areas

Provide dedicated drainage systems

Physical barriers such as clay walls or plastic membranes can be installed around the site boundary

Minimization of underground piping

Perform a risk analysis in order to rank the significance cases where accidental leak may occur

Periodical screening of leaks in sewers and pipes

Correct conditioning of a catalyst during a run extends catalytic life

Process optimization leads to less off-specification product and hence less recycle

Recycling caustic sufficiently can ensure it is completely spent

Sorting waste mixes e.g. concrete and scrap metal

TEL/TML scale & sludge: permanganate treatment eliminates TEL/TML traces

De-oiling in an oil extractor

Process treatment by steaming, flushing or regeneration prior to disposal: clay and sand filters; catalysts

Methods for refinery waste

processing

Biological methods

Incineration of refinery sludge

Increasing oil phase of refinery sediment

Treatment of used catalysts

Other methods

Biological methods

Landfarming method – ex situ method

treatment of oily wastes

- disposal of refinery sludge in previous prepared space

- refinery sludge in layers, periodically turned or processed

- control of content for optimal rate of degradation (pH, moisture

con.,aeration..)

Landfilling method – ex situ method

disposal of oily wastes

Incineration of refinery sludge

Incineration processes are: fixed hearth incinerators, multiple hearth incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, liquid fuel incinerators, gas or fume incinerator, fluidised bed incinerators

FBI is the most used method- flexible to a large variations in sludge composition

- working temperature 800 - 950°C

- produced ash is used as component for cement and asphalt mixture

- appropriate techniques control SO2,NOx,CO, organic compounds, PAH and heavy metals emission

- concentration of dust is not more then 5mg/Nm3

- reduce refinery sludge to 0,5-1 kg per tone crude oil

Oil wastes pathways

Comments

Analysis of current trends in waste treatment of the refinery indicates that today used techniques for refinery sludge are the same applied 20 years ago

Applicable BREF document is based on data published 16 years ago (in most cases) and requires a serious revision in the waste management of oil refinery

Introduction of new processing and modern catalysts(especially deep conversion process) is the main reason for the reduction of the total quantity of the refinery sludge

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE !