sustainable transport development_hk
TRANSCRIPT
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Sustainable Transport Development Hong Kong Experience
Dr Dorothy Chan, FCILT President
The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport
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The Chartered Institutes of Logistics and Transport First choice of
professional body
32 countries/regions
Over 32,000 members
Professional training
Experience sharing
Advance & promote the Art and Science of Supply Chain, Logistics and Transport
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Hong Kong SAR
Area: 1 104 km2 Population: 7.2 million 6,540 people per km
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Some Statistics (as at the end of 2013)
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Population (million) 7.2
Rail Length (km) 218
Road Length (km) 2,093
Total Vehicle Fleet 680,914
Private Car Fleet 475,752
Private Car per 1,000 population 66
Vehicle Density (vehicle/km) 325
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Transport Policy
“Keeping Hong Kong Moving”
May 1979
• Improvement of the road system;
• Expansion and improvement of
public transport; and
• More economic use of the road
system
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Hong Kong’s Experience
Private sector participation
No direct subsidy
User pay
Compete for market share
Reasonable return
Inter-modal co-ordination
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Multi-Modal Transport System
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Mass Transit Railway
Kowloon Canton Railway
Light Rail Transit
Franchised Bus (5700+)
Tram (161 tram cars)
Ferry
Taxi (18000+)
Public Light Bus (4350)
Merged in 2007 as MTRCL
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Market Share of Public Transport System (as at the end of 2013)
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Franchised Bus
31.6%
Others
3%
Taxi
8.2%
Peak Tram
0.1%
Tram
1.6%
PLB
15.1%
Ferry
1.1%
Railway
39.3%
Total daily ridership: 12 million trips
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Increase market share 39% to 43%
Expanding Railway Network Make railways as the backbone of passenger transport system
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Rail Projects under Planning
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Bus Franchise
• No. of franchise operators : 4
• No. of franchised buses : 5,791
• Daily passengers : 3.9 million
• 10 year franchise, extended every 5 years
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• Constitute over 90% of passenger trips
• R+P model
• An efficient system without direct subsidy (except ferry)
• Over 12 million trips a day
Importance of Public Transport
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Octopus
• 22 millions cards in circulation
• 12 million transactions a day
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Private Car Control Measures
• Taxation
• Annual license fees
• 66 private cars per thousand population
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Urban Mobility Ranking – UITP 2014
2014 Ranking Cities
1 Hong Kong
2 Stockholm
3 Amsterdam
4 Copenhagen
5 Vienna
6 Singapore
7 Paris
8 Zurich
9 London
9 Helsinki
11 Munich
Source: The Future of Urban Mobility 2.0, January 2014, pp. 16
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Total Greenhouse Gas Emission in Hong Kong 2011
18% Transport
16% Waste and Others
66% Electricity
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To improve roadside emissions
• Switching diesel taxis to LPG
• EURO V for diesel buses
• Financial assistance to phase out Pre-EURO IV commercial vehicles
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Pilot Green Transport Fund
• Green Transport Fund: HK$300 million budget
• Supports the testing of green and innovative technologies for better air quality
• Eligibility : existing transport operators
• Only subsidizes the capital cost of the hardware of the trial products
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Cities in China
• Rapid urban growth
• 1 million cars in 1994 to 33 million in 2008
• Serious traffic conjestion
• Bus speeds fell by 60%
• Bus punctuality fell by 88%
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Challenges
• Increase in private vehicles
• Incomplete transport network
• Congestion
• Developing an integrated transport system
• Accessibility
• Urban mobility
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Hong Kong Urban Environment
• Compact building
• High urban density
• Narrow streets
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Sub-Tropical Climate Zone
• Hong Kong is situated in the sub-tropical climatic zone with hot and humid summers
• Maximum day time temperature greater than 33°C
• Minimum night time temperature greater than 28°C
• Hong Kong is suffering from Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect
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Strategic Planning Actions
• Air paths/breezeways and low rise
• Greenery, tree planting on streets and open areas
• Additional development not allowed unless with mitigation measures
Reducing ground coverage
Maintain existing air path, introduce new ones
Position buildings to align with prevailing wind directions
Maximizing greening
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Electric Vehicles
• 309 electric private cars
• 28 electric motorcycles
• 24 electric light goods vehicles
• 4 electric light buses
• 3 electric buses
• 2 electric medium goods vehicles
• 14 electric taxi
Total : 384 EVs
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HOW LOW CAN WE GO?
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Our Common Goal: SMILE
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Sustainable Development
Mobility
Innovation
Lifestyle
Environment