sustainable highway design -...
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|2|Sustainable Highway Design
Motorways Route in Thailand
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|3|Sustainable Highway Design
Development of Highway
Settlements along the highway (Ribbon Development)
Community
Speed decreased
At Grade Median OpeningOpen Highway
Non Control Access or Partial Control Access cause :
- Speed decreasing
- Longer Travel Time
- Lower Level of Service
- Reduce Safety of Through Traffic
- Accidents
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Development of Motorway
Motorway (Fully Control of Access)
Grade Seperate Intersection
Open Highway
Collector – Distributor Road
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Motorway in Rolling Terrain
Motorway in Flat Terrain
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ParameterDesirable
Standard
Absolute
Lowest
Standard
A. MAIN SECTIONS OF MOTORWAY
Lane Width 3.60 m 3.60 m
Outer Shoulder Width 3.00 m 3.00 m
Inner Shoulder Width 1.00 m 1.00 m
Ultimate Median Width 6.30 m 3.60 m
Outer Verge Width 0.50 m 0.50 m
Inner Verge Width 0.50 m 0.50 m
Minimum Vertical Clearance 5.25 m 5.00 m
Maximum Gradient 3% 5%
Maximum Superelevation 4% 7%
R.O.W 70 m 50 m
B. DESIGN SPEED RELATED STANDARDS FOR MAIN MOTORWAY
Design Speed 120 kph 100 kph
Min Stopping Sight Distance 290 m 210 m
Min Horizontal Radius with 4% superelevation 1500 m
Min Horizontal Radius with 7% superelevation 720 m
Vertical Curvature K Value (crest) 165 100
Vertical Curvature K Value (sag) 65 40
Geometric Design Standards
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For main motorway DOH 1996
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Design Element Unit Desirable
Standard
Absolute
Minimum
Standard
Loop Ramps
Design Speed kph 60 40
Minimum Horizontal Radius m 130 50
Maximum Superelevation % 6 10
Maximum Gradient (up) % 4 6
Maximum Gradient (down) % 5 7
Minimum Stopping Sight Distance m 90 50
Semi-directional Ramps
Design Speed kph 70 50
Minimum Horizontal Radius m 190 75
Maximum Superelevation % 6 10
Maximum Gradient (up) % 4 5
Maximum Gradient (down) % 4 6
Minimum Stopping Sight Distance m 130 70
Directional Ramps
Design Speed kph 90 70
Minimum Horizontal Radius m 335 155
Maximum Superelevation % 6 10
Maximum Gradient (up) % 4 5
Maximum Gradient (down) % 4 6
Minimum Stopping Sight Distance m 170 110
Geometric Design Standards
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Interchange on motorway DOH 1996
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General Motorway Section
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Without service road With service road
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Viaduct Section
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Component of Motorway10
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Rest Area Service Area
Distance 30 km. Max. 50 km.
Parking lot
Public Toilet
Park
Beverages
Restaurant
Information center
Shops
Pavilion
Emergency Services
Gas station
The parking area allocated for the MSA based upon the projected traffic after fifteen years
50% of Traffic Volume for Car
35% of Traffic Volume for Trucks
10% of Traffic Volume for Buses
Design of Service Area
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Rest Area
Bus
Personal Car
Truck
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Bus
Personal Car
Truck
Service Area
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TOLL PLAZA
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No. of Entry Toll Booths : No. of Entry lanes 3 : 1No. of Exit Toll Booths : No. of Exit lanes 4 : 1Rate of allowance from entry Toll Plaza 450-550
Vehicle/Hr./LaneRate of allowance from exit Toll Plaza
Manual System 250-350 Vehicle/Hr./Lane
Automatic System(with divider) 800
Vehicle/Hr./Lane Automatic System(without divider) 1800 Vehicle/Hr./Lane
Toll Collection System (Closed System)
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• Dynamic Weighing System
• Located before approaching the static
• Weighing system.
• Static Weighing System
• Overweight trucks will be forced to weigh
• on the static weighing station for more
• accuracy.
Design of Weighing System
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Undercrossings , Overcrossings , Service Road for Local Communication (Land Seperated by Motorway)
Overcrossings with Service Road and
At Grade U-Turn
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Design of density of Light . Average of Light density • 15 Lux for main Line• 20 Lux for intersection and interchange• 20 Lux for toll plaza and station• 25 Lux for tunnel
Example of Lighting
Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Sodium
Use standard of The Provincial Electricity Authority and other International Standard
Design of Street Lighting
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Use Standard of DOH and Office of Transport and Traffic Policy And Planning
Design of Sign and Marking
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Traffic Control & Surveillance System
Emergency Telephone
CCTV
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Matrix Sign (MS) Variable Message Sign (VMS)
Traffic Control & Surveillance System
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Noise Barrier
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