Sustainable Energy Technology

Theo van der Meer

What’s the problem?

jaar

pop

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tie /

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en

Growth of world population

How many barrels of oil do we use every day?

2% efficiency improvement per jaar

20% sustainable energy in 202030% CO2 reduction in 2020 refered to 1990

Necessary investments: 8-9 biljon Euro per year (study of ECN)

And what are the Dutch actions????

New government with new (lower) targets: Free market (optimization to Profit) Poldermodel

The Dutch targets for 2020 where:

Will we reach our targets??

For a stabilization of CO2 emissions by the year 2050 we need to:

Wind energy:50 x more wind energy

Bio-energy50 x more ethanol production

Solar cells:700 x more capacity

RevolutionEfficiency

All cars: Double the efficiency

All buildings: Improve to best e-level

Nuclear energy:Triple the number of

power plants

‘clean fossil’:Store CO2 of 800 power plants

Evolution

Bron: Carbon Mitigation Initiative; www.princeton.edu

International Energy Agency

ACTS scenario: De CO2 concentration in 2050 back to

the level of 2005

Blue scenario: De CO2 concentration in 2050 50%

lower than in 2005

Energy scenario’s

Energiescenario’s of the International Energy Agency

Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM

For the Blue Map scenario we have to build yearly?

Bron: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives

35 coal power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW)

17,5 GW

20 gas fired power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW) 10

GW

32 Nuclear power plants (1000 MW)

32 GW

1/5 of the Canadian hydro power plants

18 GW

100 Biomass plants (50 MW)

5 GW

14000 wind turbines on land (4MW)

52 GW

3750 wind turbines at sea (4MW)

15 GW

130 geothermal plants (100 MW)

13 GW

215 miljon m2 solar collectors

30 GW

80 thermal solar power plants (250 MW)

20 GW

Total power to be installed yearly:

212,5 GW

Can we do without fossil fuels?

All energy from sun, earth and moon:

Sun: 2.700 Zettajoule per year (1021 J/year) is absorbed by the earth.

Earth: geothermal energy production: 1 ZJ/year Moon: tidal energy: 0,1 ZJ/year Nuclear fission??

Yearly we need: 0,5 ZJ/year,

Equal to16 TW (16 1012 W)

Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM

Also from the sun:

Wind energy 20 ZJ/year Wave energy 0,2 Zj/year biomass 5 ZJ/year Hydro power 0,1 ZJ/year Blue energy 0,05 ZJ/year

Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM

Can we do without fossil fuels?

100% sun in 2050

Area of1000 X 1000 km.In the Sahara!

Can we do without fossil fuels?

Thermal solar plants

Planta Solar 10 and 20 solar power towers

Total 31 MW

3 more expansive as a coal plant

Solar Energy Generating systems in Calafornia

9 plats, total power 350 MW

936.384 mirrors, surface area of 6,5 km2

Total installed power: 667 MW, being built: 1,7 GW

Thermal solar power plants

Desertec

12 companies involved: Munich Re, TREC, Deutsche Bank, Siemens, ABB, E.ON, RWE, Abengoa Solar, Cevital, HSH Nordbank, M & W Zander Holding, MAN Solar Millennium, and Schott Solar.

15% of Europes electicity needs

TU Eindhoven officially started in June 2005 with an approved master program.

In April 2006 upgraded to a national master program (TUE/TUDelft/UT)

Combination between technical (75%) and social sciences (25%), contrary to Utrecht with 25-75%

Comparable programs in Oldenburg, Stockholm, Leeds en Reading

Master Sustainable Energy Technology

program objectives

Domain-specific requirements

Broad:

Have disciplinary theoretical and technical knowledge (broad)

able to evaluate conventional and sustainable energy systems in integrated electrical system context

able to evaluate sustainable energy systems in the societal context

able to design energy systems

able to analyze and understand the socio- technical nature of system innovations

Deep:

expert in at least one sub-area

Consequences of broadness

Large differences in knowledge of the students (BW, CT, EL,

TN, AT)

Students will find one course too simple, and the next more difficult

Teachers have to deal with differences in background

Positive is that you learn how to deal with this:

find quickly the necessary missing ingredients

cooperate with students with other background

Broadness is not easy, BUT WE WANT IT.

The curriculum

Energy from biomass

Solar energy

Wind energy

Electrical power engineering and system integration

Hydrogen technology

System innovation and strategic niche management

24 EC

introductory course: Sustainable energy technologies

courses to reach adequate basic levels in mathematics, physics, chemistry and design engineering:Transport phenomena, Energy systems, Chemical reactor engineering

courses to reach adequate basic levels in social sciences:Energy and economy

The curriculum

The curriculum

system integration projects (6+9 EC): ‘System integration projects 1 and 2’ (Can be replaced by an Internship)

elective courses in preparation for the graduation project (15 EC):

graduation project (45 EC):In one of the following topics:Solar Energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Hydrogen, Intelligent electricity networks and Transition policy. Choice for research group/professor has to be made in the first quarter of the first year.

The curriculum

Internship:

Abengoa, Grolsch, NEM, Stork, Tri-O-Gen, Twence, Hygear, GE-wind, Nicaragua, Cambodja, Indonesie, Zuid Afrika, ECN, TNO, EDON, ENECO, Energie Delfland, EnergieNed, EPON, GASTEC, KEMA, Shell, Stork

Eindhoven Delft Twente

Biomass small scale conversion units

large scale power generation

thermal and chemical conversion processes for the use of biomass as an energy carrier and chemicals

Solar energy

production of amorphous silicon and polymer solar cells

nano-structured 3D solar cells

integration of solar energy into products

3TU master

3TU master

Eindhoven Delft Twente

Wind energy

fluid structure interaction

mainly concentrated in Delft

computational fluid dynamics of wind turbines

Hydrogen technology

small scale production of hydrogen

production using sustainable energy and storage of hydrogen

large scale production of hydrogen

Research groups on:

• Thermal conversion of biomass (Brem (ME), Groeneveld (CE), Lefferts (CE))

• Bio-refinery (Groeneveld (CE))

• Efficient and clean combustion of future fuels (Van der Meer (ME))

• Membrane-based energy production (Wessling (CE))

• Integrated reactor technology (Kuipers (CE))

• Use of sustainable energy in consumer products and in buildings (Brouwers (CEM), Van Houten (ME), Poelman (ID))

• Water Power Generation (Hulscher (CEM))

Research groups on:

• Water footprint of biomass (Hoekstra, CEM)

• Design and production with light weight and smart materials (Akkerman, ME)

• Gas technology (Wolters, ME)

• Engineering fluid dynamics (Hoeijmakers, ME)

• Short term storage of electrical energy with superconducting materials (Ter Brake, Dhalhe (AP)

• Production of solar cells with laser techniques (Huis in ‘t Veld, ME)

Program supervision of the M.Sc. program

dr. ir. A.M.C. Lemmens (TU/e),

prof.dr.ir. Th.H, van der Meer (UT) and

prof.dr. Kloosterman (TUDelft).

The program director will be dr.ir. A.M.C. Lemmens

Program administration: In Twente at CTW

There are three target groups for the program:

1. Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at Dutch universities

2. Bachelor students from polytechnic colleges for higher education (in particular energy technology);

3. Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at foreign universities.

Admission

1. Mechanical Engineering, 2. Applied Physics, 3. Chemical Engineering, 4. Electrical Engineering, 5. Installation Technology and 6. Technology Management of TU/e, TUD and UT, 7. Other technical B.Sc.-programs of Dutch universities:

Pre-master 8. B-Sc programs from polytechnic colleges: Pre-master9. Foreign students: check on level, English (similar to

other Masters)

And what when you have finished your study

KEMA (3)Dutch SpaceTUEUT (2)Onderzoeksinst in AustralieBAMSaxionMastervolt (inversters voor zonne-energie)

Does the market need SET-masters?

A market inventory says: YES To reach our ambitious goals: YES In the midst of our economic crisis: YES When the crisis is over: YES