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Sustainable Electricity and Water for Europe, Middle East and North Africa

Franz Trieb und Hans Müller-Steinhagen

TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSPMED-CSPMED-CSP AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP

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German Aerospace Center (Germany)Dr. Franz Trieb, Dipl. Geo. Julia Gehrung, Dr. Peter Viebahn, Dr. Christoph Schillings, Dipl. Phys. Carsten HoyerNational Energy Research Center (Jordan)Eng. Malek Kabariti, Waled Shahin, Ammar Al-Taher University of Aden, (Yemen)Prof. Dr. Hussein AltowaieUniversity of Sana’a, (Yemen) Prof. Dr. Towfik SufianUniversity of Bahrain, (Bahrain)Prof. Dr. Waheeb AlnaserProf. Dr. Abdelaziz Bennouna, formerly at CNR (Morocco)Intern. Forschungszentrum für Erneuerbare Energien e.V. (Germany)Dr. Nasir El-BassamKernenergien – The Solar Power Company (Germany)Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen KernNokraschy Engineering GmbH (Germany)Dr.-Ing. Hani El-NokraschyDeutsche Gesellschaft Club of Rome (Germany)Dr. Gerhard Knies, Dr. Uwe MöllerHouse of Water and Environment (Palestine)Dr. Amjad Aliewi, Hafez ShaheenCenter for Solar Energy Studies (Libya)Dr. Ibrahim ElhasairiCentre de Developpement des Energies Renouvelables (Morocco)Mme. Amal Haddouche (Director General)University of Bremen (Germany)Dr. Heike GladeNew Energy Algeria (Algeria)Tewfik Hasni (Director)New and Renewable Energy Authority (Egypt)Samir Hassan (Director)Hamburg Institute of International Economics (Germany)Honorat Satoguina

IFEED

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Task

Assessment of the renewable energypotential for the sustainable supply of electricity and water in 50 countries of Europe, the Middle East and North Africataking into consideration the option of Concentrating Solar Power.

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50 Countries in EUMENA analysed

ScandinaviaWestern EuropeEastern EuropeSouth-Eastern EuropeWestern AsiaNorth AfricaArabian Peninsula

Europe (EU)

Middle East & North Africa (MENA)

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Criteria for Sustainable Electricity Supply:

Inexpensivelow electricity cost no long term subsidies

Secure diversified and redundant supply power on demandbased on inexhaustible resourcesavailable or at least visible technologycapacities can be expanded in time

Compatible low pollution climate protectionlow risks for health and environmentfair access

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Portfolio of Energy Sources for Electricity:

Coal, LigniteOil, Gas Nuclear Fission, FusionConcentrating Solar Power (CSP)Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock)BiomassHydropowerWind PowerPhotovoltaicWave / Tidal

ideally storedprimary energy

fluctuatingprimaryenergy

storable primaryenergy

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• firm capacity,power on demand

• combined generation of process heat for cooling,industry, desalination, etc.

Fuel

Thermal Power Cycle (e.g. Steam

Turbine)

Process Heat

Electricity

Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant

Concentrating Solar Collector Field (Mirrors)

Solar Heat

Thermal Energy Storage

• concentrated, easily storable solar thermalenergy as fuel saver

Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant

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Planta Solar 10 MW, Sevilla, 2007SEGS 350 MW, California, since 1985

NovatecMurcia, 2007

Andasol 2 x 50 MW, Guadix, 2007

Achievements

Nevada Solar I, 64 MW, 2007

MAN/SPGAlmeria

2007

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Biomass (0-1)

Wind Energy (5-50)

Geothermal (0-1)

Hydropower (0-50)

Solar (10-250)

Max

Min

Electricity Yield in GWh/km²

Renewable Electricity Potential in Europe, Middle East & North Africa

1350 TWh/y

1350 TWh/y

630000 TWh/y1100 TWh/y

1950 TWh/y

Potential

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Potentials Demand 2000 Demand 2050

Elec

trici

ty in

TW

h/y

SolarGeothermalHydroWindBiomassWave/TideDesalinationMENAEurope

Economic Renewable Electricity Potentials vs. Demand in EUMENA

> 630000

How Does a Sustainable Mix Look Like?

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Installed Capacity vs. Peak Load in EUMENA

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity [G

W]

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400 PhotovoltaicWind PowerGeothermalHydropowerBiomassTidal/WaveCSPOil & GasCoalNuclearFirm CapacityPeak Load

100 % availability plus 25 % reserve capacity

5000 h/a 2000 h/a

Import/ExportDesalination

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Carbon emissions of EUMENA power sector are reduced to 38 % until 2050 in spite of a quickly growing demand

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

CO

2-Em

issi

ons

in M

t/y

AvoidedImport SolarPhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerWave / TidalBiomassCSP PlantsOil / GasCoalNuclear

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Electricity Cost (Example Spain)

4.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.0

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Elec

trici

ty C

ost [

c/kW

h]

TRANS-CSP Mix Mix 2000 CSP Import CSP Spain

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One Square Kilometre of Desert Land usingConcentrating Solar Thermal Power is enoughto harvest up to:

250 Million kWh/year of Electricity

60 Million m³/year of Desalted Seawater

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Trans-Mediterranean High Voltage Direct Current Electricity Grid:Interstate Highways for Renewable Electricity

www.trec-eumena.net

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Strategic Focal Points

Efficiency Focus

Renewable Energy Focus

EU-MENA Cooperation Focus

EU-MENA Interconnection Focus

Balancing Power Focus

CSP is the Key

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Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region

Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power

Concentrating Solar Power for Sea Water Desalination

MENAREC 2Amman, JordanMay 2005

MENAREC 3Cairo, EgyptJune 2006

MENAREC 4Damascus, Syria June 2007

Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region

Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power

Concentrating Solar Power for Sea Water Desalination

MENAREC 2Amman, JordanMay 2005

MENAREC 3Cairo, EgyptJune 2006

MENAREC 4Damascus, Syria June 2007

www.menarec.org