Sustainable CitiesSustainable Cities

Los Angeles

Mexico City

Sao Paulo

Buenos Aires

New YorkCairo

Lagos

Mumbai(Bombay)

Karachi Dhaka

Calcutta

Jakarta

Beijing

Tokyo

Shanghai

Osaka

Manila

Mr. ClarkBethpage HS

ConceptsConcepts

Distribution of urban and rural populations

Distribution of urban and rural populations

Factors determining urban development Factors determining urban development

Resource and environmental problems in urban areas

Resource and environmental problems in urban areas

ConceptsConcepts

Planning and controlling urban growth Planning and controlling urban growth

Making cities more sustainable and desirable

Making cities more sustainable and desirable

Effects of transportation systems on urban growth

Effects of transportation systems on urban growth

Urbanization and Urban GrowthUrbanization and Urban Growth

Urban areasUrban areas

Rural areasRural areas

VillagesVillages

Cities Cities

Urban growth: natural increase and immigration

Urban growth: natural increase and immigration

Push and pull factorsPush and pull factors

Patterns of Urban GrowthPatterns of Urban Growth

Increasing proportion of population Increasing proportion of population

Great increase in large cities (>1,000,000) Great increase in large cities (>1,000,000)

Increasing rapidly in developing counties Increasing rapidly in developing counties

Urban growth slower in developed countries

Urban growth slower in developed countries

Poverty in urban areas increasing Poverty in urban areas increasing

Urbanization in the U.S.Urbanization in the U.S.

Migration to large central citiesMigration to large central cities

Migration from cities to suburbsMigration from cities to suburbs

Migration from north and east to south and west

Migration from north and east to south and west

Migration from urban to rural areasMigration from urban to rural areas

Spatial patterns of developmentSpatial patterns of development

United States by nightUnited States by night

Major Urban Regions in the U.S.Major Urban Regions in the U.S.

BostonSpringfield

Hartford

Providence

Newark

Allentown

HarrisburgNew York

PhiladelphiaBaltimore

Washington

Detroit ClevelandPittsburgh

ToledoAkronChicago

Chipitts (Chicago to Pittsburgh)

Bowash (Boston toWashington)

Impacts of Urban SprawlImpacts of Urban Sprawl

Urban Resource and Environmental ProblemsUrban Resource and Environmental Problems

Air and water pollution; waste management

Air and water pollution; waste management

Reduction in vegetation Reduction in vegetation

Importation of food, energy, and materials Importation of food, energy, and materials

Noise pollution Noise pollution

Climate impacts: urban heat islands Climate impacts: urban heat islands

Impacts on surrounding rural areas Impacts on surrounding rural areas

Urban Areas: Inputs and OutputsUrban Areas: Inputs and Outputs

InputsInputs OutputsOutputs

Energy

Food

Water

Rawmaterials

Manufacturedgoods

Money

Information

Solid wastes

Waste heat

Air pollutants

Water pollutants

Greenhouse gases

Manufactured goods

Noise

Wealth

Ideas

Urban CrisisUrban Crisis

When there are more people than the infrastructure can support an urban crisis develops.

Living conditions deteriorate and increasing numbers of people become homeless.

Transportation / Urban DevelopmentTransportation / Urban Development

Individual transit Individual transit

Mass transit Mass transit

Buses Buses

Trains Trains

Automobiles Automobiles

InfrastructureInfrastructure

RoadsRoadsSewersSewersRailroadsRailroadsBridgesBridgesCanalsCanalsSchoolsSchoolsLibrariesLibraries

Infrastructure

HospitalsHospitalsFire StationsFire StationsPolice StationsPolice StationsPower LinesPower LinesWater MainsWater MainsDamsDams

Mass TransportationMass Transportation

BusesBusesSubway systemsSubway systemsRailroad systemsRailroad systemsTrolley linesTrolley linesFerriesFerriesH.O.V. lanesH.O.V. lanes

Urban Poor in Developing CountriesUrban Poor in Developing Countries

SlumsSlumsSquatter settlementsSquatter settlementsShantytownsShantytownsIllegal settlementsIllegal settlementsPoverty and unemploymentPoverty and unemployment

SlumsSlumsSquatter settlementsSquatter settlementsShantytownsShantytownsIllegal settlementsIllegal settlementsPoverty and unemploymentPoverty and unemployment

1973 1979 1983

1987 1992 1997

Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia

Urban Land-Use Planning and ControlUrban Land-Use Planning and Control

Land-use planning Land-use planning

Property taxes Property taxes

Zoning Zoning

Smart growth Smart growth

Urban growth boundary Urban growth boundary

Cluster development Cluster development

Greenbelts Greenbelts

Suburban SprawlSuburban Sprawl

As a consequence of an urban crisis, people move out of the city to the suburbs, expanding the city’s borders.

Suburban SprawlSuburban Sprawl

Suburbs offer more living space for less money, lower crime rates, and more privacy than cities. People are close enough that they can commute to work in the city.

More Americans live in suburbs than in cities an country-side combined.

Land Use PlanningLand Use Planning

Land Use planning involves establishing a master zoning plan for suburban areas.

Montgomery County , Maryland adopted a wedge and corridors plan in 1964 which is a model of land-use planning in the Unites States.

Inner City RenovationInner City Renovation

Inner Harbor BaltimoreGentrification

Open SpacesOpen Spaces

GreenbeltsParksOn Long Island: the Pine Barrens

Area.

GreenbeltsGreenbeltsGreenbeltsGreenbeltsMajorhighways

Greenbelt Urban center Satellite towns

Cluster HousingCluster Housing

Cluster housingdevelopment

Cluster

Creek

Pond

Cluster

Solutions: Sustainable Urban AreasSolutions: Sustainable Urban Areas

New cities and townsDongtan, China

New cities and townsDongtan, China

Ecocity (green city) CuritibaPortland, Oregon New York CityReykjavik

Ecocity (green city) CuritibaPortland, Oregon New York CityReykjavik

Trees and climate-specific landscaping Trees and climate-specific landscaping People-oriented People-oriented High energy efficiency High energy efficiency

New York City # 6 in most Sustainable cities in the United States

New York City # 6 in most Sustainable cities in the United States