sustainable chemistry and industrial ecology t.e. graedel yale university
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sustainable Chemistryand
Industrial Ecology
T.E. Graedel
Yale University
![Page 2: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Chemical Industry Approach to Chemistry and the Sustainable
Enterprise:
“Responsibility”
(Responsible Care, Responsibility Reports, etc.)
![Page 3: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Chemical Industry Vision of “Responsible”
Inputs
Cheap
Community interactions
Cordial
EmissionsLow
Products
Lots and lots
![Page 4: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GlaxoSmithKline CO2 Emissions
![Page 5: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GlaxoSmithKline VOC Emissions
![Page 6: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Chemical Industry Vision of “Responsible”
Inputs
Cheap
Community interactions
Cordial
EmissionsLow
Products
Lots and lots
![Page 7: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Expanding the Scope ofResponsible Action
![Page 8: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
xxMH5M1430N
2
29
MaterialsPreparation
MaterialsPreparation
VirginMaterialsExtraction
Discard
Refurbish? Ship Package
Stages of the Life-CycleStages of the Life-Cycle
CustomerUse
51
5455 3
Reactant #2
Mfr.
Reactant #1
Mfr.
Product
Mfr.
![Page 9: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sludge(treated)
Liquid Fertilizer
Farms
Cement;roads
Fishfarming
Water
Water
Water
Fly ash
Heat
ScrubberSludge
Gas
Steam
Ste
am
Sulfur
A-S Bioteknisk Jordrens
Sludge
Ste
am Coo
ling
wat
er
Statoil Refinery
LakeTissø
Gas
Was
tew
ate
r
Yeast slurry Recovered nickel and vanadium
Kalundborg, DK: Industrial Symbiosis Pathways
Asnaes PowerAsnaes PowerStationStation
Pharmaceutical
Municipality of Kalundborg
District heating
Wall-board Plant
![Page 10: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Responsible Actionmay not equalSustainability
![Page 11: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sustainability - Meeting the needs of people
living on Earth while nurturing and restoring the planet’s life
support systems
- Board on Sustainable Development, 1999
![Page 12: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is it that we want to sustain?
For whom?
For how long?
![Page 13: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What should be sustained?
• Environmental scientists: Earth systems
• Ecologists: Ecological systems
• Economists: Earth products (ores, minerals)
• Humanists: Human systems
![Page 15: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What does the chemical industry want to sustain?
• The right to operate
• Feedstocks
• Suppliers (process equipment, catalysts, etc.)
• Customers
![Page 16: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sustainability Challenge #1
Everything is connected to
everything else, so sustainability
is a group project
![Page 17: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
From
Customer
To
Customer
Various
Process And Product Reuse Options
METAL MINING
METAL SMELTING &
REFINING
METAL FABRICATION
NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION
COAL MINING
POWER GENERATION
PLASTICS FABRICATION
PRODUCT ASSEMBLY
PACKAGING & SHIPPING
RECYCLING
INORGANIC MINERAL
EXTRACTION
INORGANIC CHEMICALS,
SAND & GLASS
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
ELECTRONIC FABRICATION
PETROLEUM REFINING,
PETROCHEMICALS
PETROLEUM EXTRACTION
EXTRACTION MATERIAL PROCESSING
INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT MFR.
IfINAL PRODUCT MFR.
PRODUCT DELIVERY
The Sector Sequence
AGRICULTURE
FOODPROCESSING
FORESTPRODUCTS
CONSTRUCTION
TEXTILES
![Page 18: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sustainability Challenge #2
In most cases, the limits we
are approaching remain uncertain
![Page 19: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lake Powell, CO before and after drought
![Page 20: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sustainability Challenge #3
Notwithstanding our difficulties in determining limits, there are increasing signs
that our society and the planet
is approaching limits
![Page 21: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Limits to Feedstocks: Crude Oil Price, $/bbl
![Page 22: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Limits to Emissions: Melting Glaciers
![Page 23: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Copper Cycle: Studying Human Use of Resources
![Page 24: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Year
Global Copper Use, 1700-2000(T
g/y
ear)
![Page 25: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
IMPORT/EXPORT
ORE ENVIRONMENT
PROCESS-ING
FABRICA-TION
USE WASTEMGT.
IMPORT/EXPORT
ORE ENVIRONMENT
PROCESS-ING
FABRICA-TION
USE DISCARDMGT.
STAF Project© Yale University 2004
![Page 26: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Data Sources
DataArchive
Databases- UN Comtrade- ...
Trade Organizations- ICSG- ...
Personal Contacts- auto industry- ...
Periodicals- Minerals yearbook- ...
![Page 27: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
120OldScrap
LandfilledWaste,Dissipated
180
Landfill +200
Collection,SeparationIncineration
Import/Export
200
Old Scrap
Discards
500
+120
Japan Waste ManagementWM
© STAF Project, Yale University
Units: Gg/yr
![Page 28: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Japan Copper cycle: One Year Stocks and Flows, 1990s
System Boundary Japan
280
New Scrap
18 Slag
Cathode
0.3
Tailings
2
Concentrate
1100
Blister
1
1200
80
34
120
Ore
Semis,finished Products
500
Prod. Cu
950
120Old
Scrap
200
Old Scrap
LandfilledWaste,
Dissipated
180
Discards
500Prod. Alloy
240
Cathode
170
NewScrap,Ingots
1805216
ProductionMill, Smelter,Refinery 7
Stock
Use
Stock
700
Lith. -2 Environment +200
Fabrication &Manufacturing
WasteManagement
Import/Export -830
© STAF Project, Yale University Units: Gg/yr
![Page 29: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Zambia’s Copper Cycle: One Year Stocks and Flows, 1994
Units: Gg/yr
![Page 30: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
China’s Copper Cycle: One Year Stocks and Flows, 1994
Units: Gg/yr
![Page 31: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Computing Resource Stockin Use: Copper in Cities
![Page 32: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Quantifying stock per capitaStep 1: Determine content of
major reservoirs
Typical auto – 21 kg Cu
Typical house – 200 kg Cu
![Page 33: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Quantifying stock per capitaStep 2: Multiply by the number of units
in the reservoirs
![Page 34: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Copper Stock per capita
170 kg Cu 35 kg Cu
North America Beijing
![Page 35: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Copper Stock and Copper Need
170 kg Cu 170 kg Cu
North America Beijing
Global need
1.7 Pg Cu
![Page 36: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Limits to Materials: Copper Stock and Copper Supply
170 kg Cu 35 kg Cu
North America Beijing
Global need Global resource
1.7 Pg Cu 1.6 Pg Cu
![Page 37: Sustainable Chemistry and Industrial Ecology T.E. Graedel Yale University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551ac0b9550346b2288b5363/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Final Thoughts
• “Responsible” action is a good thing
• Sustainability demands a broader perspective, and probably more effort, than responsible action
• The quantification of sustainability is a work in progress