sustainable building systems
DESCRIPTION
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEMS. By: Justin Kramer. Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building (OGZEB). What is the OGZEB??. Platinum Green Water Efficient Sustainable Site Materials Indoor Air Quality Energy . Energy Efficiency. Source: Daniel Kammen, UC Berkeley, ER 100 Lecture 1, Fall 2005. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEMS
By: Justin Kramer
19801982
19841986
19881990
19921994
19961998
20002002
20042010
20202030
0.000
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
Energy Consumption
Other NationsChinaMiddle EastEurasiaEuropeUnited States
Qua
drill
ion
BTU
Natural Gas23%
Petroleum37%
Coal27%
Hydroelectric6%
Nuclear6%
Other1%
Energy Consumption by Source
20072011
20152019
20232027
20312035
20392043
20472051
20552059
20632067
20712075
20792083
20872091
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Energy Content of Fuel ReservesNo Growth Including 3% Growth
Qua
drill
ion
BTU
Combination of Natural Gas, Petroleum and Coal
Natural Gas23%
Petroleum37%
Coal27%
Hydroelectric6%
Nuclear6%
Other1%
Energy Consumption by Source
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Coal
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Carbon Dioxide Production by Fuel Type
Billions Tons of Carbon Dioxide
Transportation29%
Industry32%
Petrolium1%
Natural Gas19%
Coal12%
Nuclear6%
Other1%
US Energy Consumption by Sectors and Sources
Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building(OGZEB)
What is the OGZEB??• Platinum
Green–Water Efficient–Sustainable
Site–Materials– Indoor Air
Quality–Energy
Energy Efficiency
Source: Daniel Kammen, UC Berkeley, ER 100 Lecture 1, Fall 2005
Energy Efficiency
Energy Consumption by Application
• Building Efficiency–Structural
Insulated Panels• Consumer
Efficiency–HVAC–Water Heater –Lighting
Energy Efficiency
$116/barrel inApril 2008
Energy Production
$116/barrel inApril 2008
$116/barrel inApril 2008
• Photovoltaic Panels– First Generation– 6 kW Array– 500 sqft
• Solar Thermal– 120 sqft Collector– 300 gallon tank
www.solarenergy.com
Energy Collection
Energy Storage
Electrolyzer Fuel Cell
H 2OH 2O
H 2H 2H 2
H 2 H 2
H 2H 2
O
Energy Storage
H 2H 2H 2
H 2 H 2
H 2H 2
Energy StorageThermal
Energy Consumers
Energy Consumption by Application
Energy Storage
Hydrogen Properties
Combustion Properties
Premixing Properties
No Premixing
50% Premixing
100%Premixing
NoPremixing
<- - - - - - - - -Propane - - - - - - - - -> Hydrogen
Hydrogen Properties
Experimental Setup
Temperature Gradient Setup
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Temperature Gradient Analysis
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Z=0 Z=0.5 z=1
Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig
Hydrogen Retrofits
Solaire Grill
Solaire Burner
Burner Considerations
Hydrogen Burner
Thermocouple Plate
Rinnai Water Heater
Rinnai Burner
Burner Considerations
135 Degrees 180 Degrees
Both at0.5 psig
Both have a 0.0156 inDiameterOrifice
Hydrogen Burner
Hydrogen Burner Testing
Hydrogen Burner Results
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
0.5 psig 126.2 cc/s
25% Fan100% FanCoverNo CoverH2 Energy
Number of Burners
Watt
s
Hydrogen Burner Results
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0.5 psig 126.2 cc/s
25% Fan100% FanCoverNo Cover
Number of Burners
Watt
s
Hydrogen Burner Results
0 10 20 30 40 50 600%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0.5 psig 126.2 cc/s
25% Fan100% FanCoverNo Cover
Number of Burners
Efficie
ncy
Hydrogen Burner Results
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0.25 psig 126.2 cc/s
25% Fan100% FanCoverNo Cover
Number of Burners
Efficie
ncy
Hydrogen Safety
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
0 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
30 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
1 min
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
1min 30 sec
University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain
Hydrogen vs. Gasoline
2min 20 sec
Conclusion/Questions
mdot Qdot Burners .25 psi .5 psi .25 psi .5 psi
4 8.31E-06 1.17E-05 1.01E+03 1.42E+036 1.25E-05 1.76E-05 1.51E+03 2.13E+03
10 2.08E-05 2.94E-05 2.51E+03 3.55E+0314 2.91E-05 4.11E-05 3.52E+03 4.97E+0318 3.74E-05 5.28E-05 4.52E+03 6.39E+0320 4.15E-05 5.87E-05 5.03E+03 7.10E+0324 4.98E-05 7.04E-05 6.03E+03 8.52E+0328 5.81E-05 8.22E-05 7.04E+03 9.94E+0332 6.65E-05 9.39E-05 8.04E+03 1.14E+0434 7.06E-05 9.98E-05 8.54E+03 1.21E+0438 7.89E-05 1.12E-04 9.55E+03 1.35E+0442 8.72E-05 1.23E-04 1.06E+04 1.49E+0446 9.55E-05 1.35E-04 1.16E+04 1.63E+0448 9.97E-05 1.41E-04 1.21E+04 1.70E+0452 1.08E-04 1.53E-04 1.31E+04 1.85E+04
mdot Qdot Pressure 0.0156 0.024 0.0156 0.024
0.25 2.08E-06 4.20E-06 2.52E+02 5.08E+020.50 2.94E-06 6.95E-06 3.55E+02 8.41E+020.75 3.59E-06 8.50E-06 4.35E+02 1.03E+031.00 4.15E-06 9.81E-06 5.02E+02 1.19E+031.25 4.63E-06 1.10E-05 5.61E+02 1.33E+03
DensityPropane 1.91 kg/m3 Natural Gas 0.68 kg/m3 Hydrogen 0.085 kg/m3
Error
The error in the data was ± 0.5 C for the thermocouples, ± 0.1 C for the thermistor and ± 0.0092 psi for the pressure transducer.