Sustainable Building Strategies for Toronto, Canada

Presented ByJ M RAKIBUL HASAN

Content

• Introduction• Location and Climate• Climatic Challenge• Sustainable Strategies• Computational tools• Recommendation• Conclusion

Introduction

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

So Our Concern Should be on» Environment Friendly Civilization» Involve more Passive Strategies for buildings» Using more of Environment(Sun, Wind, Water)

In This Project I tried to suggest some sustainable strategies for Infrastructure Design In Toronto, Canada where lower temperature is a big challenge to overcome.

Location and Climate• The city of Toronto, Canada, covers an area of 630 km2 and is

bounded by Lake Ontario to the south

• The water in the lake ensures Toronto is warmer in winter and cooler in summer. The Great Lakes location is also the source of Toronto’s summer humidity, which many people find uncomfortable

• Although Toronto is one of Canada’s warmer cities in winter, winters are still severe, with snow on the ground most days between mid-December and mid-March. Snow deeper than 1 cm is seen on 65 days a year on average.

Temperature Graph

Humidity Graph

Wind Graph

Climatic Challenge

1. Keeping Heat in and cold temperature out during Winter

2. Protect from winter winds3. Let the winter sun in4. Protect from summer sun5. Using natural Ventilation6. Providing higher R value enclosure7. Protecting Air Leakage

Bio Climatic Comfort Graph

Sustainable Strategies1. Efficient Building Shape2. Solar Exposure(South Glazed Windows)3. East and West Wind Protecting Trees4. Super Insulation5. Glazed Windows6. Trombe Wall7. Solar House8. Shape factor9. Airtightness10. Ventilation With Heat Recovery11. Bed Room, living room at southern part(solar gain part)12. Trees to protect winter wind13. No windows at East and West (where wind comes from)

Effective building Shape

• East-West wind Protecting Trees• Enough Roof Slope for snow removal• Space Elongation to East West axis

Solar Exposure• Aperture (Collector): the large glass (window)

area through which sunlight enters the building. • Absorber: the hard, darkened surface of the

storage element. • Thermal mass: the materials that retain or store

the heat produced by sunlight. • Distribution: the method by which solar heat

circulates from the collection and storage points to different areas of the house.

• Control: roof overhangs can be used to shade the aperture area during summer months

• There are three approaches to passive systems– Direct gain– Indirect gain– Isolated gain

East West Wind Protecting Trees• As We have seen the wind flow profile of

Toronto the wind flows from East and West

Super Insulation

• The process of slowing down or retarding the flow of transferring heat is called insulation

• My Recommendation is to use fiber glass or cellulose cavity insulation

Properties of Recommended Wall

– 2x6 interior framing wall– 2x3 cantilevered wall– 4.5" high density spray foam– Fiberglass or cellulose cavity insulation– OSB sheathing

R value Calculation

• Hand Calculation R=L/K (for degree Celsius)R=1/C(for Fahrenheit)

• Using two dimensional heat flow analysis with thermal bridging effects and average framing factors, the thermal bridging in this wall system is significantly reduced by the uniform layer of spray foam over the exterior covering the rim joist and wall framing. The whole wall R-value for this assembly is approximately R-37.1(Ref:buildingscience.com)

Glazed Windows

Trombe Wall

Solar House

Airtightness and Ventilation

• The continuous layer of high density spray foam prevents all air leakage through the enclosure system. Care should be taken to make sure that penetrations through the enclosure (windows, doors, services) are airtight

• For Ventilation I have proposed a chimney at Northern part where my kitchen is. An air suction fan may be used at the top of chimney

Computational Tools

• Google Sketch Up 8• STAR CCM• HomeBYMe

Google Sketch Up ViewsSouth

North

East

West

Iso View

HomeBYMe ViewsPlan View

2 Dimensional View

3 Dimensional View

3 Dimensional iso view

STAR CCM AnalysisWind Velocity from West

Wind Pressure from West

Wind Velocity from East

Wind Pressure from East

Recommendation

• Any of these strategies should be built at an earlier age of the constriction

• For economical solution we can check the wall thickness and windows glazing and High R value materials as well

Conclusion

• Sustainability is a practice for the betterment of our future generation, world is our home so we should try to make it a better place.

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?