Sustainability Assessment of Two Alternative Bio-energy Forest Wood Chains with

ToSIAby

Wendelin Werhahn-MeesM. Lindner, J. Garcia, T. Suominen, T. Palosuo

07.04.2008

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1. The story and methodology

2. Results of comparison3. Discussion of results

The story and methodology

• equation of the presentation:

Pellet Chain(P Chain)

Pellet & Chipping Chain (P&C Chain)

Age 0

Age 30

Age > 85

The story and methodology

Bioenergy thinning Clearing by lumberjack

Difference between the chains

The story and methodology

P&C Chain P Chain

• Research objective

a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass for energy purposes on sustainability

b) greenhouse gas balance

c) social and economic aspects

d) potential environmental trade-offs

The story and methodology

• Indicator set

tons11. Average carbon storage in cut biomass

MJ10.4 generation from renewables

MJ10.3 electricity from the grid use

MJ10.2 non renewable energy use

MJ10.1 renewable energy use10. Energy

tons9.2 freight volume

tkm9.1 transport distance road9. Transport (road)

kg8. Maintenance of soil quality

tons CO2 eqv.7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

accidents6.1 Occupational accidents fatal

accidents6.1 Occupational accidents non-fatal6. Safety and Health

euro5.2 female

euro5.1 male5. Wages and Salaries

person a4.2 female

person a4.1 male4. Employment

MJ3. Total heat consumption

m32. Resource / Material use

euro1. Production costs

UnitsIndicators

The story and methodology

a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability

Based on: � one reference year (2007)� a certain land area (1803 ha)

Results of the comparison

P Chain P&C Chain increase in %

318 737 595 078 875 604 318 1 6491 609 194

0,99 2,18 12063 126 1010 5 382 n.a.

9.1 transport distance 272 416 363 846 349.2 freight transported 1 679 2 822 6810.1 energy use 1 942 126 2 348 295 2110.2 heat generation 6 404 935 20 725 555 224

7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

9. Transport

10. Energy

8. Maintenance of soil quality

Indicator

1. Production costs

3. Total heat consumption

4. Employment

Unit

euro

MJ

person a

tons CO2 eqv.

kg

tkm

tons

MJ

MJ

a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability

Total production costs

0,00

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

0,06

Pellet and ChippingChain

Pellet Chain

in E

UR

/MJ

Less costs per unit heat consumed in P&C Chain

Results of the comparison

Total production costs

0100200300400500600700

P&C Chain P Chain

in t

ho

usa

nd

EU

R

Total heat consumption

0

5

10

15

20

P&C Chain P Chain

TJ +10,8

+276

a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability

Results of the comparison

Similar energy use in both chains

Pellet Chain more efficient, (0,80 vs. 0,88)

Chipping strongly increases the heat generation, > 3 times

Energy generation, use and consumption by chain

0

5

10

15

20

25

P&C Chain P Chain

in T

JTotal energy use

Total energygenerationTotal heatconsumption

10,8 TJ

0,4 TJ

a), b) & c) greenhouse gas balance and social aspects

Results of the comparison

Total transport distances

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

P&C Chain P Chain

in t

ho

usa

nd

tkm

/TJ

Total freight volume transported

0

50

100

150200

250

300

350

P&C Chain P Chain

in t

/TJ

Total greenhouse gas emissions

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

P&C Chain P Chain

ton

s o

f C

O2

eqv.

/TJ

Total employment

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

P&C Chain P Chain

per

son

yea

r> + 3+ 1,2

> 25 + 130

d) The potential trade-offs

Results of the comparison

Total nutrients extraction

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

P&C Chain P Chain

ton

s

Average carbon storage in cut biomass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

P&C Chain P Chain

ton

s

5,3

0

44

• Constraints of the pellet production– High energy use– High transport distance, freight volume– Greenhouse gas emissions balance

Discussion of results

3 X 2 X 9 vs. 6

pellets high energy density

���Soil maint.

��Costs

��Energy bal.

��Employment

��GHG bal.

P ChainP & C ChainIndicator

Discussion of results

Summary of results

Conclusion & achievements

• Chipping adds socio-economic

advantages on sustainability

• Nutrient extraction possible constraint

• Basis for evaluation methods e.g.

MCA

• Proved unique energy efficiency ratio

Thank you for your attention