SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Ashok KumarAbhilash Vijayan

Department of Civil Engineering

INTRODUCTION• Industrial Revolution

increased resource consumption

• Growing population increases demands for resource

• Increase in the consumption and results in pollution

Increasing Pollution

Increasing Demand

Increased Consumption

Increasing Population

Buildings are a major consumer of the resources, and one of the biggest producers of pollution

INTRODUCTION - FACTSBuildings in the United States account for:

• 36% of total energy use and 65% of electricity consumption

• 30% of raw materials use

• 30% of waste output which is 136 million tons annually

• 12% of potable water consumption

• 49% of sulfur dioxide emissions

• 25% of nitrous oxide emissions

• 10% of the particulate emissions

• 35 % of the carbon dioxide emissions

Sustainability

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs

(The Brundtland Commission,1987)

SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

A “Cradle-to-Cradle” Approach

SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDINGS

• Sustainable development measures success in terms of economic, environmental, and social benefits.

• The ever-increasing need for new construction and renovation juxtaposed with the resource and environmental crisis forced the building industry to expand on this concept, and apply it to the built environment.

Effect of SustainabilityEffect of Sustainability

Working Principles

Application of Sustainability

Pre-Design On-Site Design Construction O&M

Material Selection

Building Program

Project Budget

Team Selection

Partnering

Project Schedule

Laws, Codes

& Standards

Research

Site Selection

Site Analysis

& Assessment

Site Development

& Layout

Watershed

Management &

Conservation

Site Material

& Equipment

Environmentally

Conscious

Construction

Preservation of

Features &

Vegetation

Waste Mgmt

IAQ Issues

Source Control

Practices

Passive Solar

Design

Materials &

Specification

Indoor Air

Quality

Maintenance Plans

Indoor Quality

Energy Efficiency

Resource Efficiency

Renovation

Housekeeping &

Custodial Practices

Best Building Form

Solar & Energy Efficient Design

Improved Indoor Air Quality

Usage of Green Materials

Proper Mechanical Systems

Efficient Lighting

Proper Testing & Maintenance

Advanced Features of a Sustainable Building

Lighting

• Daylighting & Skylighting- Incorporated lots of natural light to reduce the need for electric lighting and the associated increase in the air conditioning load

• Energy efficient fluorescent T5s installed in classrooms

Natural Ventilation

• Operable windows pull fresh air into one side of the classroom, while ventilation stacks pull the air out on the opposite side of the classroom

• At extreme temperatures, automatic backup mechanical ventilation systems can be used

Green Materials Materials as well as their production, use and

disposal must be safe for the planet. Most of the materials have specific range of conditions in which they best work

Sustainable building materials have the following features:• Durable and easily maintained• Less processing required• Low odor• Low emitting• Cost-effective• Aesthetic

Economics of Green Buildings Reduction in lighting energy requirements by at least 50 percent

Cut heating and cooling energy consumption by 60 percent

Reduced water consumption by up to 30 percent or more

Lower building operating expenses through reduced utility and waste disposal costs

Lower on-going building maintenance costs, ranging from salaries to supplies

Increase worker productivity by six to 16 percent

Higher property values and potentially lower lenders’ credit risk

Higher building net income

New economic development opportunities

Benefits of Sustainable Construction

Sustainable construction makes wise use of all the natural resources and up to 50% reduction in energy use

Improves occupant health, comfort, productivity, reduces pollution and  landfill waste that are not easily quantified

A sustainable building may cost more up front, but saves through lower operating costs over the life of the building

Building is designed as one system rather than a collection of stand-alone systems with the help of the integrated system approach

Building Sustainability Analysis Tool

• Simple user-friendly tool that helps analyze and assess a building from a sustainability and comfort standpoint

• Sustainable Building Score (SBS) to quantify building sustainability and performance

• Provides options and solutions to increase the environmental performance of the buildings and create sustainable buildings

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Energy Water Building Envelope

Lights Appliances Fixtures Window Insulation

Pollution Prevention

METHODOLOGY

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

LIGHTS

• Type of Bulb• Number of Bulbs

• Wattage• Usage

Recommendations Based on Illumination provided (in lumens) by the

user’s selection

1000

used Days dayper Usage Wattage Bulbs ofNumber n ConsumptioEnergy Annual

LIGHTING - RECOMMENDATION

FIXTURES

• Flow rate• Usage

Recommendations Set by DOE to reduce flow rate

Useof Days UseofDuration

day / Usage people ofNumber minuteper Gallons ge Water UsaAnnual

SHOWERHEADFAUCET

FLUSH

ANNUAL EXPENDITURE

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

• The tool calculates the sustainability of a building in terms of Sustainable Building (SB) Score

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SCORE

Thank you!

More information at http://p2tools.utoledo.edu/