survival of organism 2

8/20/2019 Survival of Organism 2

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SURVIVAL OF ORGANISM

1. ADAPTATION

2. NATURAL SELECTION

3. REPRODUCTION



1. ADAPTATION

Aswer The question below briel!.

1. "h#t is #$#%t#tion &

2. "h! $o li'in( thin(s nee$ to #$#%t#tion &

3. "h#t $o the! $o or #$#%t#tion )

*. +ention the three t!%es o #$#%t#tion

,. Deine wh#t e#-h t!%e e#ns )



TYPES OF ADAPTATION

1. Morphological adaptation / rel#te$ to the #$#%ti'e

sh#%e o bo$! %#rts

2. Phyiological adaptation / rel#te$ to the #$#%ti'e bo$!

%ro-esses

3. !"ha#ioral adaptation



. tructural / M orphological adaptation is

adjustment of body shape or body

organs to the

surrounding. This

adaptation is easiest to

recognize.



Piping plo#"r $""d

on in"ct and tiny

cr%tac"an on

andy &"ach"

'!ird not dra(n to cal")

!lac* *i++"r

"i," +all $ih

at (at"r %r$ac"

Fla+ingo

$""d on+in%t"

organi+

in +%d

Sca%p and oth"r

di#ing d%c* $""don +oll%*-

cr%tac"an-and

a.%atic #"g"tation

!ro(n p"lican

di#" $or $ih-

(hich it locat"

$ro+ th" air

A#oc"t (""p &ill thro%gh

+%d and %r$ac" (at"r in

"arch o$ +all cr%tac"an-

in"ct- and ""d

Lo%iiana h"ron (ad" into

(at"r to "i," +all $ih

Oyt"rcatch"r $""d on

cla+- +%"l- andoth"r h"ll$ih into (hich

it pri" it narro( &"a*

Do(itch"r pro&" d""ply

into +%d in "arch o$

nail- +arin" (or+-

and +all cr%tac"an

/not 'a andpip"r)

pic* %p (or+ and

+all cr%tac"an l"$t

&y r"c"ding tid"

0"rring g%ll i a

tir"l" ca#"ng"r

R%ddy

t%rnton"

"arch"

%nd"r h"ll

and p"&&l"

$or +all

in#"rt"&rat"



robust0(host0%i%eish



le#0ii-0ro(

le#0ro(



Some

spectacularadaptations.



12 Physiological Adaptation i adaptation o$

$%nction o$ &ody organ to %rro%nding

condition2 Thi adaptation i #"ry di$$ic%lt to

o&"r#"2

The examples of physiological adaptations that

happen in organisms are as follows :#. Soeone who li'es in low l#n$ i he o'es to hi(h l#n$

will un$er(o # -h#n(e in the or#tion o ore re$ bloo$

(r#ins. This is be-#use in hi(h l#n$ the le'el o o!(en

is less while re$ boo$ -ell h#s un-tion to bon$ o!(en.

To s#tis! its nee$ o o!(en ore re$ bloo$ -ell ust

be ore$.

b. The sh#%e o st#en #n$ %istill in lowerin( %l#nt th#ts

suit#ble with is %ollin#tor.



32 Behavioral adaptation i "l$ ad4%t+"nt to

th" %rro%nding in th" $or+ o$ &"ha#ior2 So-

thi adaptation i "ai"r to o&"r#" &"ca%"

it i o$t"n $o%nd in ani+al2

Th" "5a+pl" o$ &"ha#ior adaptation 6#. In intestine o terite li'es Proto4o# th#t is 5l#(ell#t#

th#t -#n hel% to $i(est woo$ be-#use 5l#(ell#t#

%ro$u-es -ellulose en4!e.

b. +##ls th#t li'e in w#ter su-h #s wh#le #n$ $ol%hinebre#the b! usin( lun(s. To t#6e o!(en wh#le #n$

$ol%hine #%%e#r to w#ter sur#-e to t#6e bre#th

%erio$i-#ll!



-. Soe #ni#ls i(r#te. +i(r#tion is the %#rt o lie

-!-le o #n! #ni#ls %#rti-ul#rl! bir$s. +i(r#tion

h#s %ur%ose to in$ oo$.

$. C#eleon -#n -h#n(e the -olor o its s6in in

#--or$#n-e with the surroun$in(.



D"t"r+in" th" adaptation typ" $ro+ th" tat"+"nt

&"lo(7

1. 7erbi'or# h#'e selul#se en4! to $i(est its oo$.2. 8o$! or the se# #ni#l

3. The white ur o %ol#r be#rs

*. 5urlin( o bo$! o ili%e$e #ni#l

,. 5resh w#ter ish rele#se #n! urine #n$ w#ter!

9. Disert r#bbit h#s the bi( e#r to #6e -ool its bo$!

:. 5ro( h#s webbe$ eet

;. S%e-ii- #ro# is rele#se$ b! lower whi-h inse-t %ollin#te$ #(ent

<. The te#6 trees losin( their le#'es in the $r! se#son

1=. Re$ bloo$ -ell nuber o %eo%le whi-h li'e in ount#in #n$ inlowl#n$ $ier



12 NATURAL SELE8TION

> Aroun$ the 1;==s D#rwin%resente$ # theor! whi-h

%eo%le still #--e%t to$#!

thou(h there #re #lso%eo%le who $oubt it. 7e

$oin( e%lor#tion #bout it

#n$ (et #-ts. 8#se onthose #-t. 7e #$e #

-on-lusion whi-h -#n be

e%resse$ #s ollow?Ch#rles D#rwin



“only individuals in possession of the mostappropriate traits for a particular environment

would be able to survive and regenerate “



N#ture Sele-tion Theor!

the oti'e o $estru-tion -ert#in or(#nis

>Dinos#urs

#re etin-tbe-#use o

eteor th#t

#ll into our

e#rth #n$-#nt #$#%t

with

en'ironent



5or the New S%e-ies

@5in-h 8ir$



E#-h s%e-ies h#s #

be#6 s%e-i#li4e$ to

t#6e #$'#nt#(e o-ert#in t!%es o

oo$ resour-e.

E'olution#r! Di'er(en-e



E'i$en-e o N#tur#l Sele-tion

1. The in$i'i$u#ls %ro$u-e$ b! or(#nis in re(ener#tion

#re (re#ter in nuber th#n those sur'i'in( in their

en'ironent

2. B#ri#tion is oun$ #on( in$i'i$u#ls o the s#e

s%e-ies.

3. Soe '#rieties #on( ebers o the %o%ul#tion

#n#(e to sur'i'e #n$ re(ener#te better th#n other

'#rieties

*. 8! tie the in$i'i$u#ls re(ener#te$ h#'in( #'or#ble

'#ri#tions will su%%ort the (rowth o their %o%ul#tion



32 REPRODU8TION

The #bilit! o li'in( thin(s to %ro$u-e

os%rin( or new in$i'i$u#l



9hat i th" i+portanc" o$ r"pod%ction

5or the -ontinu#tion o s%e-ies #n$ %re'ents it roetin-tion



I$enti! the re%ro$u-ti'e t!%es o the ollowin(

or(#nis.



Stat" th" di$$"r"nc" &"t(""n "5%al

r"prod%ction and a"5%al r"prod%ction

Di$$"r"nc" S"5%al r"prod%ction A"5%alr"prod%ction

E#%les oor(#niss

Nuber o %#rent@sin'ol'e$

In'ol'eent o

ertilis#tion %ro-ess

eneti- #6e0u% oos%rin(



Stat" th" di$$"r"nc" &"t(""n "5%al

r"prod%ction and a"5%al r"prod%ction

Di$$"r"nc" S"5%al r"prod%ction A"5%alr"prod%ction

E#%les oor(#niss

Nuber o %#rent@sin'ol'e$

In'ol'eent o

ertilis#tion %ro-ess

eneti- #6e0u% oos%rin(

#. hu#n

b. ti(er

#. h!$r#

b. !e#st

two one

!es no

Dierent ro e#-h

o the %#rentsI$enti-#l to the

%#rent



ASE:UAL REPRODU8TION OF

ORGANISMS

The etho$ o re%ro$u-tion with whi-h #

new or(#nis is ore$ ro # sin(le

%#rent or(#nis.

It $oes not in'ol'e the %ro-ess o

ertilis#tion.

D#u(hter -ells #re i$enti-#l to the %#rent

-ell



Th" #ario% typ" o$ a"5%al r"pod%ction

'a) DIVISION ' !inary $iion ) The #ture %#rent -ell $i'i$es into two to or two

new or(#is.

E#%les / #oeb#. P#r##e-iu eu(len# #n$b#-teri#



8in#r! ission> 8in#r! ission/ In bin#r! ission two in$i'i$u#ls #re ore$ ro # sin(le

%#rent.

> This t!%e o re%ro$u-tion is oun$ in or(#niss li6e b#-teri# !e#st #n$

Amoeba



+ulti%le ission

> / In ulti%le ission #n! in$i'i$u#ls #re

ore$ ro # sin(le %#rent.

> This t!%e o re%ro$u-tion b! ulti%le

ission o--urs $urin( un#'our#ble

-on$itions.•The unicellular organism develops a protective covering called cyst

over the cell.•The nucleus of the cell divides repeatedly producing many nuclei.•Many daughter cells are produced within the cyst. The cyst breaks and

small offsprings are liberated.•This type of reproduction is seen in many algae and in some

protozoans, such as the malarial parasite (Plasmodium)



'&)2 !%dding

Th" +at%r par"nt prod%c" a &%d (hich (ill gro(and $inally d"tach it"l$ $ro+ th" par"nt to $or+ a

n"( organi+2

E5a+pl" 6 y"at and hydra



'c)2 Frag+"ntation

This is # t!%e o #seu#l re%ro$u-tion in whi-h e#-h

%ie-e o the %#rent th#t is $et#-he$ -#n (row #n$

$e'elo% into # new in$i'i$u#l.

E#%les / st#rish %l#n#ri#



@d)2 Spor" $or+ation

Soe non0lowerin( %l#nts re%ro$u-e b! the or#tiono s%ores in s%or#n(i# @sin(. S%or#n(iu

E#%les/ osses ern #n$ un(i

'")2 Parth"nog"n"i

The e(( -#n (row into # whole #ni#l without

ertili4#tion.

E#%les/ bees #n$ terites



SE:UAL REPRODU8TION OF

ORGANISM

> It in'ol'es the usion o #le #n$ e#le

(#etes @ertilis#tion to %ro$u-e # new

-ell.

> Pro$u-es '#ri#tion in -h#r#-teristi- #on(

o$%rin(

survival of organism 2

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