Survey of CCA-Treated WoodSurvey of CCA-Treated Wood in the C&D Waste Stream in the C&D Waste Stream

CCA TAG MeetingCCA TAG Meeting May 13, 2004May 13, 2004

Orlando, FloridaOrlando, Florida

Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste ManagementWaste Management

A Type I (Statewide) Research Center A Type I (Statewide) Research Center created by the Florida Legislature in created by the Florida Legislature in

19881988

The Center’s mission is The Center’s mission is to sponsor and conduct to sponsor and conduct research in the area of research in the area of

solid and hazardous solid and hazardous waste management.waste management.

We work with faculty at We work with faculty at nine universities.nine universities.

• Construction & Construction & Demolition DebrisDemolition Debris

• Electronic Waste Electronic Waste • Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste

ManagementManagement• Incineration Incineration • Landfills Landfills • Medical Waste Medical Waste

ManagementManagement

Principal research areas include:Principal research areas include:

• Municipal Solid Municipal Solid Waste ManagementWaste Management

• Pollution PreventionPollution Prevention• Recycling and ReuseRecycling and Reuse• Socioeconomic Socioeconomic

Issues Issues • Special WastesSpecial Wastes• Waste ReductionWaste Reduction

Current CCA Current CCA Research ProjectsResearch Projects

Extent of CCA-Treated Wood Used for Extent of CCA-Treated Wood Used for Commercial MulchCommercial Mulch

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E.Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E.University of MiamiUniversity of Miami

Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Management and Disposal Options for Management and Disposal Options for CCA-Treated Wood WasteCCA-Treated Wood Waste

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E.Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E.University of MiamiUniversity of Miami

Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Arsenic Uptake Released From CCA-Treated Arsenic Uptake Released From CCA-Treated Lumber by Florida Vegetable CropsLumber by Florida Vegetable Crops

Aziz Shiralipour, Ph.D.Aziz Shiralipour, Ph.D.University of Florida/IFAS School of University of Florida/IFAS School of Forest Resources and ConservationForest Resources and Conservation

Survey TeamSurvey Team

FCSHWM:FCSHWM:– Cheryl BakerCheryl Baker– Marcia MarwedeMarcia Marwede– Rosemary Rosemary

McDanielMcDaniel– Diana ReichenbachDiana Reichenbach– Rhonda RogersRhonda Rogers– John SchertJohn Schert– Kim StengerKim Stenger– Dion WeaverDion Weaver

Florida Dept. of Florida Dept. of Environmental Environmental Protection:Protection:– Suzanne BoroffSuzanne Boroff– Bill HinkleyBill Hinkley– Lee MartinLee Martin– Chris McGuireChris McGuire– Richard TedderRichard Tedder

University of University of Miami:Miami:– Gary JacobiGary Jacobi– Tomoyuki ShibataTomoyuki Shibata– Dr.Helena Solo-Dr.Helena Solo-

GabrieleGabriele

Survey TeamSurvey Team

University of University of Florida:Florida:– Kim CochranKim Cochran– Sreeram Sreeram

JonnalagaddaJonnalagadda– Aaron JordanAaron Jordan– Dr. Tim TownsendDr. Tim Townsend– Qiyong XuQiyong Xu

Survey TeamSurvey TeamOrganizational/Safety Meeting Feb 18, 2004Organizational/Safety Meeting Feb 18, 2004

Survey TeamSurvey Team

FCSHWM FCSHWM Survey Survey TeamTeam

The Contribution of Wood to C&D The Contribution of Wood to C&D DebrisDebris

New Construction Demolition

Renovation

YardWaste

Survey of Disposal Survey of Disposal Facilities Facilities in Floridain Florida

Provide data/information on the Provide data/information on the occurrence of CCA-treated wood in occurrence of CCA-treated wood in the waste stream.the waste stream.

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

23 facilities were visited across the state 23 facilities were visited across the state between February 26 – May 4between February 26 – May 4

– Class III landfillsClass III landfills– C&D landfillsC&D landfills– Materials Recycling Facilities (MRFs)Materials Recycling Facilities (MRFs)– Class I landfill (one facility)Class I landfill (one facility)

Staff observed that there is very little Staff observed that there is very little difference in the type of waste accepted at difference in the type of waste accepted at Class III landfills and C&D landfills.Class III landfills and C&D landfills.

Landfills

Recycling Facilities

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

BayBrowardColumbiaDixieFlaglerGulfHernandoLeonLibertyMarion

ManateeNassauOkaloosaPalm BeachPascoPolkPutnamSanta RosaSarasotaSuwanee

20 Counties visited

Preliminary Data!!Preliminary Data!!

Total # of loads observed = 342Total # of loads observed = 342 Est. total volume of all loads = 6501 ydEst. total volume of all loads = 6501 yd33

# of loads containing wood = 319 or 93% (319/342)# of loads containing wood = 319 or 93% (319/342) Est. total volume of wood = 1566 ydEst. total volume of wood = 1566 yd33 or 24% or 24%

(1566/6501)(1566/6501)

# of loads contained treated wood = 141 or # of loads contained treated wood = 141 or 41% 41% (141/342)(141/342)

Est. total volume of treated wood = 261 ydEst. total volume of treated wood = 261 yd33 or or 4% 4% (261/6501)(261/6501)

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

4% Seems about right 4% Seems about right based on previous research based on previous research by Townsend and Solo-by Townsend and Solo-Gabriele.Gabriele.

Wood Mix Wood Mix Untreated vs. Treated Untreated vs. Treated

83% untreated 83% untreated 17% treated wood17% treated wood

Due to safety Due to safety issues, the issues, the source of the source of the loads loads (residential/ (residential/ commercial, commercial, construction/ construction/ demolition/ demolition/ renovation, renovation, etc.) could etc.) could not be not be determined determined for all loads.for all loads.

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Dedicated Loads Dedicated Loads (Deck/Dock)(Deck/Dock)

Dedicated LoadsDedicated LoadsOf the 342 total loads observed, 141 of the loads contained treated wood.

Of the 141 loads containing wood, there were 9 loads (6.3%) where the fraction of treated wood was greater than 80% of the total volume of the load.

Of the 141 loads containing wood, there were 5 loads (3.5%) where the fraction of treated wood was greater than 98% of the total volume of the load.

So, the PRELIMINARY data indicates that only 1.5% of the 342 loads

were “dedicated loads”.

Dedicated load from a dock Dedicated load from a dock builderbuilder

The identification and removal of CCA-The identification and removal of CCA-treated wood is treated wood is VERYVERY difficult in some difficult in some

instances.instances.

Identification of treated wood is Identification of treated wood is difficult when the wood is painted.difficult when the wood is painted.

End tags help identify CCA-treated End tags help identify CCA-treated woodwood

Is it CCA, ACQ or Copper Is it CCA, ACQ or Copper Azole?Azole?

Color differences between Color differences between untreated and treated wood (NOT untreated and treated wood (NOT

WEATHERED)WEATHERED)

Mixed wood debrisMixed wood debris

Weathering and paint make Weathering and paint make identification difficultidentification difficult

Treated wood may be hidden in Treated wood may be hidden in landscaping and yard wastelandscaping and yard waste

Survey of Disposal Survey of Disposal FacilitiesFacilities

Of the 141 loads that contained treated Of the 141 loads that contained treated wood:wood:• 63%63% were identified by the greenish hue were identified by the greenish hue• 37%37% were from a structure that is typically were from a structure that is typically

treated (fence, deck, dock, etc.)treated (fence, deck, dock, etc.)• 10%10% were identified through consultation were identified through consultation

with landfill staff, hauler, or other expertwith landfill staff, hauler, or other expert• 5%5% were identified by end tags were identified by end tags

*note: some loads were identified using more than one method*note: some loads were identified using more than one method

How was CCA-treated wood identified?

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Borate treated woodfor interior use only

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

Survey of Disposal FacilitiesSurvey of Disposal Facilities

How waste enters MRFsHow waste enters MRFs

Waste Sorting at MRFsWaste Sorting at MRFs

Wood separated from other Wood separated from other waste at MRFswaste at MRFs

A concrete tipping floor such A concrete tipping floor such as this makes picking and as this makes picking and

sorting easiersorting easier

Some landfills have more area Some landfills have more area for walking around the waste to for walking around the waste to

sort out recyclablessort out recyclables

Most landfills have little room Most landfills have little room for sorting waste after tippingfor sorting waste after tipping

Phone Phone SurveySurvey

The team contacted approximately 500 businesses that typically dispose of wood.

Contractors – 14Contractors – 14 Decks – 6Decks – 6 Demolition – 5Demolition – 5 Docks – 31Docks – 31 Fencing – 140Fencing – 140 Marine – 34Marine – 34 Woodworks - 2Woodworks - 2

Businesses that participatedBusinesses that participated

Insert photo

Typical UsesTypical Uses

Decks, BoardwalksDecks, Boardwalks

Typical UsesTypical Uses

FencesFences

Typical UsesTypical Uses

DocksDocks

Typical UsesTypical Uses

Utility PolesUtility Poles

Phone Survey ResultsPhone Survey Results

General contractors reported CCA-treated wood was in SOME of their loads

Deck Builders reported that nearly ALL the decks were CCA-treated

Demolition Contractors reported that VERY FEW of their loads contained CCA-treated wood

Dock Builders reported that MOST docks were CCA-treated

How much CCA-treated wood is being discarded?

Fence Builders– 21% reported less than half of their

discarded wood waste was CCA-treated– 2% reported that half of their discarded

wood was CCA-treated– 38% reported that most of their

discarded wood waste was CCA-treated– 39% were unsure how much of their

discarded wood was CCA-treated

Marine Contractors– 14% said a small amount of their wood

waste was CCA-treated– 12% said most of their wood waste was

CCA-treated– 56% said all of their wood waste was

CCA-treated– 18% were unsure how much of their

discarded wood was CCA-treated

24%

7%

5%

3%

51%

3%3%3%

1%

Landfilled - 51%

Picked up by hauler -24%Placed in dumpster -7%Taken to C&D facility -5%Burned - 3%

Picked up by collectionservice - 3%Recycled - 3%

Unknow n - 3%

Other - 1%

Where is the discarded wood going?

Waste wood disposed in a roll-Waste wood disposed in a roll-offoff

Residential CollectionResidential Collection

Some residential treated wood waste is already being hauled to a waste-to-energy plant or lined MSW landfill through curbside collection.

Residential Residential CollectionCollection

Some landfills indicate they do Some landfills indicate they do not accept treated woodnot accept treated wood

THANK YOU TO:THANK YOU TO: Arena Landfill and Sand, CrestviewArena Landfill and Sand, Crestview Bayside of Ocala, OcalaBayside of Ocala, Ocala Coastal Landfill Disposal of Florida, HudsonCoastal Landfill Disposal of Florida, Hudson Deland Landfill, DelandDeland Landfill, Deland Delta Recycling, Pompano BeachDelta Recycling, Pompano Beach Dixie County Transfer Station and C&D Site, Cross Dixie County Transfer Station and C&D Site, Cross

CityCity Five Points Landfill, Port St. JoeFive Points Landfill, Port St. Joe Lena Road – Manatee County Landfill, BradentonLena Road – Manatee County Landfill, Bradenton Leon County South Landfill, TallahasseeLeon County South Landfill, Tallahassee Liberty County Landfill, BristolLiberty County Landfill, Bristol Live Oak C&D Landfill, Live OakLive Oak C&D Landfill, Live Oak Pasco County Landfill, Springhill Pasco County Landfill, Springhill Pasco Lakes Landfill, Wesley ChapelPasco Lakes Landfill, Wesley Chapel Polk County North Central Landfill Facility, Winter Polk County North Central Landfill Facility, Winter

HavenHaven Putnam County Central Landfill, PalatkaPutnam County Central Landfill, Palatka Sandhill Recycling, Fernandina BeachSandhill Recycling, Fernandina Beach Santa Rosa Central Landfill, MiltonSanta Rosa Central Landfill, Milton Sarasota County Central Landfill, NokomisSarasota County Central Landfill, Nokomis Sun Recycling, DaniaSun Recycling, Dania Sun Recycling, LantanaSun Recycling, Lantana Sunshine Grove Road C&D Landfill, BrooksvilleSunshine Grove Road C&D Landfill, Brooksville Waste Recyclers of North Florida, FreeportWaste Recyclers of North Florida, Freeport Winfield Southwest Facility, Lake CityWinfield Southwest Facility, Lake CityAnd to all the businesses that gave of their time to answer the phone survey