surveillance systems in the philippines
TRANSCRIPT
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Surveillance System in the
Philippines
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Outline 1. Brief Background Information
IHR Surveillance Systems in the Philippines
2. Surveillance and Response for EVD
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Our world is changing as never before
Populations grow and move…
Microbes adapt…
Public health risks increase…
Diseases travel fast… Health security is at stake
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Preventing the international spread of disease while avoiding unnecessary interference with international transport and trade
Legally binding for 194 countries and WHO that have agreed to play by the same rules to secure international health.
A global legal instrument for global public health security
International Health Regulations (2005)
Came into force on 15 June 2007*
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New IHR – New obligations § Designation of responsible authorities p Functional national IHR Focal Points p Consultations, notification, verification, information sharing p Assessment and public health response p Strengthening of the core capacity for surveillance
&response p Points of entry
n core capacity n Public health measures n health documents (Ship Sanitation Control Certificate…) n Charges
p Collaboration and assistance p Human rights, including treatment of personal data p Transport and handling of biological substance and materials p IHR Expert Roster, Emergency/Review Committee p Other legal aspects: rejection/reservation, disputes etc
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IHR requirements on POE
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Determination of a PHEIC • Director-General of World Health Organization
will determine whether an event constitutes a PHEIC
• Five criteria to consider: – Information from the country – The decision instrument – Advice of the Emerging Committee – Scientific principles
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Statement on the 3rd meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee regarding the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa • It was the unanimous view of the Committee that the event
continues to constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
• The Committee reiterated its recommendation that there should be
no general ban on international travel or trade • Recommendations for States with intense Ebola transmission
(Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone) States should maintain and reinforce high-quality exit screening of all persons at international airports, seaport, and major land crossings, for unexplained febrile illness consistent with potential Ebola infection
• Other details http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-3rd-ihr-
meeting/en/
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Surveillance Systems in the Philippines
• Indicator based - PIDSR • Event-based – ESR, SPEED
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Trigger events for strengthening Surveillance
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What is PIDSR
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Components of PIDSR
Case-based/Indicator-based Event-based
a. ESR b. SPEED
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Figure 2: Conceptual Framework for the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR)
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Category 1 – Immediately reportable diseases/syndromes/events
1. Acute flaccid paralysis “hot case” 2. Anthrax 3. Human avian influenza 4. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 5. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) 6. Any disease outbreak 7. Any clustering of patients with similar disease,symptoms
or syndromes 8. Meningococcal disease
Immediate reporting upon laboratory confirmation
1. Poliomyelitis 2. Cholera 3. Measles 4. HIV/AIDS (HIV Registry)
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1. Acute bloody diarrhea 2. Acute hemorrhagic fever
syndrome 3. Acute viral hepatitis 4. Acute flaccid paralysis 5. Bacterial meningitis 6. Cholera 7. Dengue 8. Diphtheria 9. Influenza 10. Japanese encephalitis 11. Leptospirosis
Category 2 – Weekly reportable diseases/syndromes/events
12. Malaria 13. Neonatal tetanus 14. Non-neonatal tetanus 15. Paralytic shellfish poisoning 16. Pertussis 17. Rabies 18. Typhoid and paratyphoid
fever
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Event-based Surveillance & Response (ESR) • Complements existing indicator-based disease
surveillance (PIDSR) in detecting IHR events w/ added advantage of rapid reporting, greater geographic spread & relatively low cost
• Can be rumours & other reports transmitted through routine reporting system or reports from media, health workers & NGOs
• Reports may be formal or informal through phone calls or text messages
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Surveillance in Post Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (SPEED) Objectives 1. Detect early unusual increase of communicable
and non-communicable conditions related to emergencies and disasters
2. Monitor health trends for appropriate public health action
3. Enable identification of appropriate response to handle the emergency
A tool for decision-‐making in disaster response
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Surveillance Systems
Time O EVENT 24 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs Day 4 ...Day N PIDSR ESR
RAPID ASSESSMENT
Early Warning System SPEED
Activated Deactivated
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Ebola Virus Disease Surveillance and Reporting
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Possible points of detection of EVD cases
• NaConal surveillance systems should be capable of detecCng suspected cases
• Clinicians and health care workers understand and implement: • EVD case definiCon • Safe specimens collecCon and shipment for laboratory confirmaCon • ReporCng mechanism, including IHR noCficaCon to WHO
Source: WHO
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Case Definition
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Case Definition
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Case Definition
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EVD Surveillance Procedure
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EVD Surveillance Procedure
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Roles of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities
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EVD Surveillance
PUI EVD Cases
NEC Submit Case Notification Form w/in 24 hrs
PUI EVD suspect/ probable
Collection of specimen
RITM
Release of results to PUI/patient. Reporting Unit, NEC
2 days
Fill out & submit Case Investigation Form & Laboratory Request Form
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Surveillance Flow Chart
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● NaIonal leadership and risk communicaIon
● Outbreak control measures to stop transmission:
-‐ Clinical Management and IPC
-‐ Epidemiological invesCgaCon, surveillance and laboratories
-‐ Behavioral and social intervenCons
-‐ LogisCcs
Control the outbreak
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Psycho- social support
Control of vectors and reservoirs in nature
Triage In/out
Barrier nursing
Clinical trials Ethics committee
Organize funerals
Anthropological evaluation
Specimens Laboratory testing
Follow-up of contacts
Active case-finding
Infection control
Social and Epidemiological mobile teams
Security Police
Lodging Food
Formal and informal modes of communication
Search the source
Database analysis
Finances Salaries
Transport Vehicles
Epidemiological investigation, surveillance and laboratory
Logistics
Clinical case Management
Behavioural and social interventions
Ethical aspects
Duty of care Research Coordination Medias Communication
Press Journalists
Social and Cultural practices
Women, associations Traditional healers Opinion leaders
General strategy to CONTROL Ebola outbreak
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Why do we need to prepare? p Past experiences clearly demonstrated that
emerging diseases/events will continue to occur…
p Emerging diseases are unpredictable in the changing world…
p Effective preparedness planning definitely minimize the impact on health, economic and social disruption
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Thank You