Surface Fluxes over Different Land Use Types in a Heterogeneous Landscape:

The LITFASS-2003 experimentMeasurements of the local energy budget components at 13 different sites in the heterogeneous landscape around the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg of the German Weather Service (DWD) have been performed during the 30-days LITFASS-2003 experiment in May / June, 2003. The micrometeorological stations were operated over the main classes of land use (agriculture, forest, water) and over different types of agricultural farmland (grass, cereals, rape, maize). The measurements revealed significant differences in the local sensible and latent heat fluxes. The dependence of these differences on the vegetation status and on the meteorological forcing conditions (radiation, rain) has been analyzed.

Locations of micrometeorological stations during LITFASS-2003 (red: cereal, yellow: rape, green: maize, orange: grass, brown: forest, blue: water)

TUDDA1

TUDDA2

GKSSA3

GKSSA4

UBT A5

UBT A6

GKSSA7

WAU A8

WAU A9

MOL N4

MOLFS

MPI SS

MOL HV

ReferencesFoken, T. et al., 2004. Post-field data quality control. In: X. Lee, W.J. Massman and B. Law (Editors), Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Meas-urement and Analysis. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 81-108.Foken, T. and Wichura, B., 1996. Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 78: 83-105.Göckede, M., Markkanen, T., Hasager, C. and Foken, T., 2004. Use of footprint modelling for the characterisation of complex measurement sites, 26th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Vancouver/BC, Canada.Højstrup, J., 1981. A simple model for the adjustment of veloc-ity spectra in unstable conditions downstream of an abrupt change in roughness and heat flux. Bound-ary-Layer Meteorology, 21: 341-356.Jegede, O.O. and Foken, T., 1999. A study of the internal boundary layer due to a roughness change in neutral conditions observed during the LINEX field cam-paigns. Theor. & Appl. Climatol., 62: 31-41.Kaimal, J.C., Wyngaard, J.C., Izumi, Y. and Coté, O.R., 1972. Spectral characteristics of surface layer turbulence. Quarterly Journal of The Royal Meteorological Soci-ety, 98: 563-589.Liebethal, C. and Foken, T., 2003. On the significance of the Webb correction to fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteor-ology, 109: 99-106.Liu, H., Peters, G. and Foken, T., 2001. New equations for sonic temperature variance and buoyancy heat flux with an omnidirectional sonic anemometer. Bound-ary-Layer Meteorology, 100: 459-468.Moore, C.J., 1986. Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 37: 17-35.Raabe, A., 1983. On the relation between the drag coefficient and fetch above the sea in the case of off-shore wind in the near shore zone. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie, 33: 363-367.Rannik, Ü. et al., 2000. Footprint analysis for measurements over heterogeneous forest. Boundary-Layer Meteor-ology, 97: 137-166.Rannik, U., Markkanen, T., Raittila, J., Hari, P. and Vesala, T., 2003. Turbulence statistics inside and over forest: Influence on footprint prediction. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 109: 163-189.Schotanus, P., Nieuwstadt, F.T.M. and DeBruin, H.A.R., 1983. Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluctuations. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 26: 81-93.Tanner, B.D., Swiatek, E. and Greene, J.P., 1993. Density fluc-tuations and use of the krypton hygrometer in sur-face flux measurements. In: R.G. Allen (Editor), Management of irrigation and drainage systems: in-tegrated perspectives. American Society of Civil En-gineers, New York, NY, pp. 945-952.Thomson, D.J., 1987. Criteria for the selection of stochastic models of particle trajectories in turbulent flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 180: 529-556.van Dijk, A., Kohsiek, W. and DeBruin, H.A.R., 2003. Oxygen sensitivity of krypton and Lyman-alpha hygrometers. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20: 143-151.Vickers, D. and Mahrt, L., 1997. Quality control and flux sam-pling problems for tower and aircraft data. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 14: 512-526.Webb, E.K., Pearman, G.I. and Leuning, R., 1980. Correction of the flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. Quarterly Journal of The Royal Meteorological Society, 106: 85-100.Weisensee, U., Beyrich, F. and Leps, J.-P., 2003. Integration of humidity fluctuation sensors into the Lindenberg boundary layer measurement facilities: Experiences, problems, and future requirements. 12th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Long Beach, CA, Paper 14.1.Wilczak, J.M., Oncley, S.P. and Stage, S.A., 2001. Sonic ane-mometer tilt correction algorithms. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 99: 127-150.

Institution Responsible Scientists

GKSS GKSS Research

Centre Geesthacht

H. Lohse, S. Huneke

MPI Max-Planck Institute for

Meteorology Hamburg

G. Peters, H. Münster

MOL Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg

F. Beyrich, J.-P. Leps

TUDD University of Technology

Dresden

C. Bernhofer, R. Queck

UBT University of Bayreuth

T. Foken, M. Mauder

WAU Wageningen University

H. De Bruin, W. Meijninger