surface anatomy of brain

8/3/2019 Surface Anatomy of Brain

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R1


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Three vesicleThree vesiclestagestage

Five vesicleFive vesiclestagestage

Major matureMajor maturederivativesderivatives

RelatedRelatedVentriclesVentricles

ProsencephalonProsencephalon TelencephalonTelencephalon Cerebral cortex,Cerebral cortex,BG, hippocampalBG, hippocampal

formation,formation,amygdala,amygdala,olfactory bulbolfactory bulb

Lateral ventricleLateral ventricle

DiencephalonDiencephalon Thalamus,Thalamus,hypothalamus,hypothalamus,

subthalamus,subthalamus,epithalamus, retinaepithalamus, retinaoptic nerve andoptic nerve andtracttract

33rdrd ventricleventricle

MesencephalonMesencephalon MesencephalonMesencephalon MidbrainMidbrain aqueductaqueduct

RhombencephaloRhombencephalonn Metencephalon

MetencephalonPons andPons andcerebellumcerebellum 4

4thth

ventricleventricle

MyelencephalonMyelencephalon Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata 44thth ventricleventricle

Caudal part ofCaudal part ofneural tubeneural tube

Caudal part ofCaudal part ofneural tubeneural tube

Spinal cordSpinal cord Central canalCentral canal


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1. Lateral surface

three landmarks--central, lateral, and parietooccipital sulciinsula(island of Reil)--involved primarily with autonomic function


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) Frontal lobeprimary motor area(motor homunculus)--fine motor performancepremotor area--initiating new programs

introducing changes in programs for movementMFG: frontal eye fields(#8)--conjugate eye movements

IFG: Broca's area of speech(TG & adjacent part of OG)inability to express oneself in spoken language(aphasia)


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rietal lobeimary sensory area(sensory homunculus)--sensation of tingling & numbL: behavioral interaction of an individual with surrounding space

neglect of body parts contralat. to lesion(nondom.hemi.)

ex) neglect to shave face or dress body parts: SMG + AG(cap end of sylvian fissure & STS, respectively)

integration of diverse sensory information for speech & perceptiondisturbances in language comprehension & object recognition


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emporal lobeSTG :transverse temporal gyri of Heschl(primary auditory area)

located on its dors. border(bank of lat. fissure)Wernicke's area of speech--comprehension of spoken language

caud. to transverse gyri of Heschl(domi. hemisphere)ITG--extend over inf. border of temporal lobe onto ventral surface of bperception of visual form & color


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Occipital lobe parietoocci. fissure & preocci. notch

calcarine sulcus : cuneus , lingual gyrus

primary visual area in occipital pole, more extensive medially


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InsulaInsulacortical area buried in the depths of lateralcortical area buried in the depths of lateralsulcussulcus- gyri breves- gyri breves- gyri longus- gyri longus- limen insula- limen insula


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Corpus callosum : C-shaped massive bundle of fibers

Rostrum, body, genu, splenium

Transfer of information between two hemispheresDisconnect right hemisphere from left hemisphere

isolation of both hemispheres & its own learning processes & memoriesCingulate gyrus

** Limbic system : visceral function, emotion, behavior [subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus,hippocampal formation, dentate gyrus]Paracentral lobule -medial extension of pre- & postcentral gyri

Precuneus gyrus - between the marginal & parietooccipital sulci Calcarine sulcus - divide occipital lobe into CG & LG

primary visual area: on each bank of calcarine sulcusloss of vision in contralat. half of VF(hemianopsia)

Septum pellucidum - separate two lat. ventricles Fornix - C-shaped fiber bundle, connects hippo. formation & diencephalonAnterior commissure - rostral to ant. extent of fornix

connect two temporal lobes & olfactory structures in both hemispheresAnterior limb - olfactionPosterior limb connect visual & auditory areas in temporal lobe

interhemispheric transfer of visual information


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Large subcorticalLarge subcortical

nuclear massesnuclear massesCaudate nucleusCaudate nucleus

PutamenPutamen

Globus pallidusGlobus pallidus

Amygdaloid nuclear complexAmygdaloid nuclear complex


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MidbrainMidbrain PonsPons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata


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Spinal cord medullaSpinal cord medulla Olbliteration of anterior median fissure atOlbliteration of anterior median fissure at

ventralventral

Gracilis tubercle and cuneate tubercle atGracilis tubercle and cuneate tubercle atdorsaldorsal

cranial nervescranial nerves

4th ventricle4th ventricle Cranial nerve IX X XI XII, + VIIICranial nerve IX X XI XII, + VIII


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Boundary :Boundary : superior pontine sulcussuperior pontine sulcusinferior pontine sulcusinferior pontine sulcus

a)a) longitudinal descending fiber bundleslongitudinal descending fiber bundlesb)b) pontine nucleipontine nucleic)c) cerebellumcerebellum transeverse oriented fibertranseverse oriented fiber

::middle cerebellar peduncle:middle cerebellar peduncle: pontinepontinenucleusnucleus fiberfiber

Anterior median depression : basilar A.Anterior median depression : basilar A. basilar sulcusbasilar sulcus

PontinePontine tegmentumtegmentum:: reticular formationreticular formation &&

5, 6, 7, 8th cranial nuclei5, 6, 7, 8th cranial nuclei


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tectum (quadrigeminal plate) superior colliculus, inferior colliculus

Tegmentum Crus cerebri

corticospinal fiber, corticopontine fiber, corticobulbarfiber

pretectum : superior colliculus & immediately rostralpart searching & tracking

cranial nuclei : oculomotor nucleus trochlear nucleus Superior cerebellar peduncle : midbrain tegmentum

decussation, cerebellum efferent fiber .


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Anterior and posterior incisureAnterior and posterior incisureVermis and two hemisphereVermis and two hemispherePrimary, posterior superior, horizontal,Primary, posterior superior, horizontal,

prepyramidal, posterolateral fissureprepyramidal, posterolateral fissure

Anterior lobe, posterior quadrigeminalAnterior lobe, posterior quadrigeminallobule, superior and inferior semilunarlobule, superior and inferior semilunarlobulelobule

FunctionFunction Coordination of somatic motor function (PosteriorCoordination of somatic motor function (Posterior

lobe)lobe) Control of muscle tone (Anterior lobe)Control of muscle tone (Anterior lobe) Equilibrium (Flocculonodular lobule)Equilibrium (Flocculonodular lobule)


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surface anatomy of brain

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