supporting sustainable development goal 7, “by 2030 … nexus... · 2016-11-09 · un economic...
TRANSCRIPT
UN Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia
Bangkok, 23 June 2016
SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7, “BY 2030 ENSURE UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE,
RELIABLE AND MODERN ENERGY SERVICES”
Radia SedaouiChief Energy Section
Sustainable Development Policies Division (SDPD)
A NEXUS APPROACH TO ENERGY ACCESS, LESSONS LEARNED, AND MOVING FORWARD
© Copyright 2014 ESCWA. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation in all its property may be used or reproduced in any form without a written permission
Table of Contents
Nexus Approach
The Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus in the Arab Region
The Nexus Approach - SDGS
Page 3
Current Nexus Challenges
Climate Change Population growthConsumption patterns
• 0.87 billion people are undernourished
• 1.1 billion people lack access to electricity
• 0.9 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and
2.6 billion to adequate sanitation
Exacerbating Factors
Page 4
Elaborating a WEF security nexus within the context of sustainable development
The WEF security nexus within the context of SDGs: an ESCWA perspective
Endhunger,achievefoodsecurityandimproved
nutritionandpromote
sustainableagriculture
Ensureavailabilityandsustainable
managementofwaterand
sanitationforall
Ensureaccesstoaffordable,reliable,
sustainableandmodernenergy
forall
Page 5
Energy for Water
Energy
Abstraction0.36 kWh is needed to lift1m3 of groundwater avertical distance of 100m
Transmission0.04kWh is needed topump 1m3 of surfacewater a horizontaldistance of 100km
WaterTreatmentVariesdependingon
waterquality,upto0.3kWh/m3
WastewaterTreatment
• Primarytreatment0.1to0.3kWh/m3
• SecondaryTreatment0.27to0.59kWh/m3
Page 6
Energy for Water: Treated Wastewater Reuse
Source: Ministry of Water and Irrigation (2009). Water for Life: Jordan’s Water strategy, 2008-2022. Rev. 10.270309 Available from http://www.mwi.gov.jo/sites/en-us/Documents/Jor dan_Water_Strategy_English.pdf. Total resources for the year 2022 are without the Red-Dead Sea conveyance project
10%
13%
15%
20%21%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2007 2010 2015 2020 2022
MCM
Treatedwastewaterforindustry
Treatedwastewaterforirrigation
Totaltreatedwastewater
Totalwaterresources
Totaltreatedwastewateraspercentoftotalresources
Page 7
Energy Demand of Water in the Arab Region• Jordanian water
sector accounts for ~15% of total annual electricity generated
• Saudi Arabia: Groundwater pumping accounts for 10% of total fuel consumption
• Libya: Groundwater pumping accounts for 14% of total fuel consumption
• Bahrain: 30% of total energy use is for desalination
Page 8
Water for Energy: Hydropower
• On the Euphrates River Basin 8,580MW installed capacity
• On the Nile River Basin, hydropower potential is ~20GW, only 26% is currently used
Page 9
Water for Energy
Water
Extraction/Processingoffuels
• 16.7to46litres ofwaterperbarrelofextractedoil
• 2.6to4barrelsofwatertoproduceonebarrelofoilfromoilshale
• Processingrequires200to800litres ofwaterpertonofcrudeoil
Producedwater• Omanhashighestwater-oilratioofbetween6:1and10:1
• UAEhasthelowestwater-oilratioof0.35:1
Page 10
Water and Energy for Food
Source: Computed from FAO, FAOSTAT, Accessed February 2015 (http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E). Note: Data for the State of Palestine is not available.
Direct• Irrigation (W+E)• 80% of water withdrawal in Arab
region used for irrigation with 50-60% efficiency in regional irrigationsystems
Harvesting (E)Processing (W+E)Transportation (E)Storage (E)Retailing (E)
Indirect• Fertilizers (W+E)• Pesticides (W)• Energy embedded in global annual
food loses can reach up to 38% ofthe total energy used in the entirefood value chain.
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
100000.0
Kg/H
a(lo
garithm
ic)
Page 11
Food for Water
Food
CoverCrops
Mulching
Landscapemanagement
(runoffcapture)
Waterquality• Siltation• Contamination• Pesticides• Fertilizers
Page 12
• Disi Aquifer is non-renewable
• High energy cost of pumping and transferring of water
• Disi water conveyance project pumps water over 325km with a total energy requirement of 2% of Jordan’s annual energy consumption
• Competition between end users, Agricultural-Domestic
• Technical MoU signed between the two countries which included a no drill zone
• Future agreements in light of the Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus
Case Study From the Disi Aquifer System
Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus
Page 13
Climate change and the WEF security nexus• ESCWA is coordinating the Regional Initiative for the
Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on WaterResources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in theArab Region (RICCAR) which is being implemented inpartnership with the League of Arab States and 11 regionaland international organization and three climate researchinstitutes.
• The effects of climate change do not hit a particular sector and country, but much rather resonate across a wide spectrum. • Consistent warming trend with a general increase in
the frequency of warms days and longer summer periods across the Arab region
• The WEF security nexus approach has the potential to effectively harmonize these interactions across sectors and countries.
Page 14
HugeNexusChallengeintheFuture
• - Water-Energy-FoodNexus:60%morefoodby2050– mostlyfromyieldincrease– hencealotmoreenergy,40%morewaterand40%moreenergyin2030
• - StressedNaturalResources
• - ClimateChange
Needto“DoMorewithless”/“SaveandGrow”and
BeInnovative
Page 15 © Copyright 2014 ESCWA. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation in all its property may be used or reproduced in any form without a written permission
EnergySecurity
WaterSecurity
FoodSecurity
SustainableAgriculture&Trade
SE4ALLIWRM
UN Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia
THANK YOU
Roula Majdalani,Director
Sustainable Development Policies DivisionESCWA
United Nations HouseBeirut, Lebanon