supply chain solutions for smart grid security

7/30/2019 Supply Chain Solutions for Smart Grid Security

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[tuujq Kbcao [gjtpago{gv [lcvp Nva` [dktvapq=Ftaj`aon go Ft{aod{{

Fd{p Uvckpakd{

[TUUGVPAON

GVNCOA]CPAGO[D`a{go Djdkpvak Ao{paptpd

Dodvnq[dk

Ndgvnd Lc{go Toaydv{apq

Nva`~a{d Cjjacokd

Aopdvodp [dktvapq Cjjacokd

[tuujq Kbcao Va{h Jdc`dv{bau

Kgtokaj


2/366 T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp

[tuujq Kbcao [gjtpago{ igv [lcvp Nva` [dktvapq= Ftajàon go Ft{aod{{ Fd{p Uvckpakd{

Go fdbcj g pbd T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp "T[VU!* A cl

ujdc{d` pg vdjdc{d [tuujq Kbcao [gjtpago{ igv [lcvp

Nva` [dktvapq= Ftajàon go Ft{aod{{ Fd{p Uvckpakd{/

Pbd T[VU ~c{ jctokbd` ao 6533 ~apb p~g kgvd

ao{anbp{=

Iav{p* pbd fd{p uvckpakd{ pbcp ft{aod{{d{ cvd

`dujgqaon pg lcocnd va{h cj{g {dvyd ocpagocj

la{{ago{* co` ocpagocj {pvcpdnad{ {bgtj` fd

ftajàon go pbd{d ft{aod{{ uvckpakd{/

[dkgo`* utfjak,uvaycpd ucvpodv{bau{ lt{p fd p~g,

~cq/ Uvaycpd {dkpgv ygakd{ co` fd{p uvckpakd{ ~ajj

fd kvapakcj ao kjcvaqaon vgjd{ co` vd{ugo{afajapad{*

co` aokvdc{aon pbd jdydvcnd co` ddkpaydod{{ g

ucvpodv{bau{/

^d cuujad` pbd{d p~g uvaokaujd{ pg co a{{td pbcp bc{

fddo vdkdayaon ocpagocj cppdopago= pbd ug{{afajapq pbcp

kgvvtupd`* kgtopdvdap gv kgluvgla{d` kglugodop{

kgtj` dopdv pbd {lcvp nva` {tuujq kbcao co` kct{d

{dvagt{* jcvnd,{kcjd à{vtupago/

Ao Lcvkb g 6536* odcvjq 355 {tuujq kbcao lcocndv{*

AP co` kqfdv{dktvapq drdktpayd{ vgl c otlfdv g

{dkpgv{ aokjtàon pbd ug~dv* djdkpvgoak{* {gp~cvd*

pdjdkglltoakcpago{* kbdlakcj* `ddo{d ao`t{pvacj

fc{d* cdvg{uckd* co` bdcyq lcotckptvaon ao`t{pvad{

ucvpakaucpd` ao c ~gvh{bgu pg=

Kcuptvd kvg{{,{dkpgv fd{p uvckpakd{* uvgkd{{d{*

ldpvak{* pdkbogjgnad{ co` ngydvocokd {pvtkptvd{

ao {tuujq kbcao8

C{{d{{ bg~ ktvvdop co` dldvnaon uvaycpd,{dkpgv

fd{p uvckpakd{ kgtj` vd`tkd pbd va{h{ pg pbd

{lcvp nva`8 co`

A`dopaq ncu{ co` guugvptoapad{ gv kgjjcfgvcpayd

uvgfjdl {gjyaon/

Uvagv pg pbd ~gvh{bgu* ucvpakaucop{ vdkdayd` drdkt,

payd,jdydj fvadion lcpdvacj{ {tllcva}aon pbd vd{tjp{

g {dlaocj {ptàd{ co` cvpakjd{ go pbd od~ jco`{kcud

g va{h* ~apb {udkacj {dkpago{ go kqfdv va{h{* kgtopdv,

dapaon* od~ {pvcpdnad{ gv {tuujq kbcao va{h lcocnd,

ldop* co` T/[/ co` DT {lcvp nva` va{h lcocndldop

{pvcpdnad{/ C`àpagocjjq* fd{p uvckpakd kc{d {ptàd{

vgl c otlfdv g kglucoad{* aokjtàon Ydva}go* @g~*

@tUgop* Ka{kg* BU* co` Pdjydop* banbjanbpd` ao`t{pvq

cuuvgckbd{ pg {tuujq kbcao {dktvapq/ Iaocjjq* c otlfd

g gvncoa}cpago{ uvgya`d` pggj{ co` ldpbg`gjgnad{

gv {tuujq kbcao {dktvapq fgpb ubq{akcj co` kqfdv/

Pbd{d* cjgon ~apb pbd hdqogpd uvd{dopcpago{* kco fdgto` cp ~~~/t{vd{ajadokduvgmdkp/gvn/

Pbd ao{anbp{ njdcod` vgl pbd ckajapcpd` àcjgntd*

fd{p uvckpakd kc{d {ptàd{* co` va{h lcocndldop

pggj{ docfjd` pbd T[VU pg a`dopaq ~bdvd {pvgon

{gjtpago{ cjvdc`q dra{p* c{{d{{ odd`{ gv lgvd ckpago

co` a`dopaq banb uvagvapq cvdc{ gv utfjak,uvaycpd

ucvpodv{bau{/

A ~gtj` jahd pg pbcoh gtv ~gvh{bgu {ugo{gv{* pbd

T/[/ @ducvpldop g Dodvnq co` Ndgvnd Lc{goToaydv{apq* gv {tuugvpaon pba{ ~gvh/ ^d cj{g

cuuvdkacpd` pbd {tuugvp g gtv ucvpodv gvncoa}cpago{

Dà{go Djdkpvak Ao{paptpd* Dodvnq[dk* Nva`~a{d

Cjjacokd* Aopdvodp [dktvapq Cjjacokd* co` pbd [tuujq

Kbcao Va{h Jdc`dv{bau Kgtokaj/

A ~gtj` jahd pg pbcoh T[VU [doagv C`ya{gv @doa{d

[~aoh gv bdv {pvcpdnak ao{anbp{ co` c`yakd* co` Hcpad

Mdvd}c* gtv uvgnvcl lcocndv vgl Dodvndpak{* ~bg

~c{ ao{pvtldopcj ao lchaon pbd ~gvh{bgu c {tkkd{{

@coc Lcvpao co` [bcoogo Bcqd{ ~dvd cj{g coaoycjtcfjd ucvp g pbd T[VU pdcl/

@dfvc yco Gu{pcj

Drdktpayd @avdkpgv

T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp

Ivgl pbd Drdktpayd @avdkpgv


3/36

[tuujq Kbcao [gjtpago{ gv [lcvpNva` [dktvapq= Ftaj`aon go Ft{aod{{Fd{p Uvckpakd{

@dfvc yco Gu{pcj

Drdktpayd @avdkpgv* T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp

Kgopdop{

PchdC~cq{

[dkpago 3= Gydvyad~= Dldvnaon Va{h{ co` [tuujq Kbcao [gjtpago{

[dkpago 6= Odrp [pdu{ 3

[dkpago ;= Ftaj`aon go Ft{aod{{ Fd{p Uvckpakd{ pg [dktvd pbd 3

[lcvp Nva` [tuujq Kbcao

^gvh{bgu Ucvpakaucop{ ;

^gvh{bgu Cndo`c ;

Cfgtp pbd T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp ;

6536 T/[/ Vd{ajadokd uvgmdkp


4/36

PCHDC^CQ[

[tuuj Kbcao [gjtpago{ gv [lcvp Nva` [dktvap= Ftajàon go Ft{aod{{ Fd{p Uvckpakd{

6 T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp

Pbd aopdnvcpago g aogvlcpago co` kglltoakcpago{

pdkbogjgnad{ pbvgtnbgtp pbd ug~dv nva` a{ vdygjtpago,

a}aon pbd ~cq djdkpvakapq a{ `djaydvd` co` t{d`/ Pbd

uvgfjdl a{ pbcp dlfd``d` AP dyakd{ pbvgtnbgtp pbd

{q{pdl cj{g kvdcpd od~ {dp{ g kqfdv va{h{

Iaoàon ~cq{ pg lcocnd pbd{d va{h{ ubq{akcj

c{ ~djj c{ kqfdv a{ aokvdc{aonjq tvndop gv fgpb

dkgoglak kgludpapaydod{{ co` ocpagocj {dktvapq/

^bdo pbd djdkpvakapq gd{ ogp ~gvh* odapbdv gd{cjlg{p coqpbaon dj{d/

Pbd kqfdv{dktvapq g pbd {lcvp nva` a{ ogp gojq co AP

uvgfjdl* ap a{ cj{g c {tuujq kbcao uvgfjdl/ Cp dckb

ubc{d ao pbd drpdo`d` {tuujq kbcao vgl uvg`tkp

`d{ano* lcotckptvaon stcjapq* {dktvd pvco{ugvpcpago*

~cvdbgt{aon* lcaopdocokd co` vducav pbvgtnb

{dktvd do`,g,jad a{ug{cj pbdvd cvd va{h{ pbcp

kgtopdvdap uvg`tkp{ gv kgluvgla{d` kglugodop{

kgtj` fd ao{dvpd` aopg pbd {lcvp nva`/

[tuujq kbcao va{h{ pg pbd {lcvp nva` cvd nvg~aon

fdkct{d pbd od~ pdkbogjgnq a{ njgfcjjq {gtvkd`

co` od~ ydo`gv{ pg pbd {dkpgv cvd ogp cj~cq{ claj,

acv ~apb pbd {dktvapq co` vdjacfajapq odd`{ g kvapakcj

aovc{pvtkptvd {q{pdl{ ~apb ;5,qdcv jad {uco{/ Pbdvd

a{ cj{g pbd uvg{udkp g pcvndpd` aopdvocpagocj cppckh{

yac pbd {tuujq kbcao/

Fd{p uvckpakd{ g pbd njgfcj jdc`dv{ ao {tuujq kbcao

va{h lcocndldop kgtj` bdju vd`tkd kqfdv va{h{ pg

pbd {lcvp nva`/ Gydv pbd uc{p `dkc`d* c otlfdv

g kglucoad{ bcyd `dydjgud` lgvd {guba{pakcpd`

uvgkd{{d{ pg c{{tvd kgo`dokd ao pbd aopdnvapq g

njgfcjjq {gtvkd` lcpdvacj{* uvgpdkp ubq{akcj c{{dp{

co` AU vgl pbdp* vd`tkd kgtopdvdapaon* co` do{tvd

kgopaotapq g pbd {tuujq kbcao ao pald{ g kva{a{/

Ucvpakaucop{ g pbd [dktvapq pbd [lcvp Nva` ^gvh{bgao Lcvkb 6536 vdkglldo`d =

Fdokblcvh co` [bcvd Ft{aod{{Fd{p Uvckpakd{

[tuujq kbcao fd{p uvckpakd{ ao {dktvapq co` vd{ajadok

odd` pg fd fdokblcvhd` co` {bcvd` ~apb pbd

ug~dv {dkpgv/ Pbd{d uvckpakd{ odd` pg fd drujgvd`

co` drujcaod` ao àcjgntd{ fdp~ddo AP co` {tuujq

kbcao uvgd{{agocj{* co` fdp~ddo tpajapad{ co` pbdav

{tuujadv{/

Kjcva Vgjd{ co` Vd{ugo{afajapad{ ao Utfjak,UvaycpdUcvpodv{bau{

[lcvp nva` kqfdv{dktvapq a{ c {bcvd` vd{ugo{afajapq pbc

vdstavd{ utfjak,uvaycpd ucvpodv{bau{/ Ucvpodv{bau{

kco gojq fd ddkpayd a vgjd{ co` vd{ugo{afajapad{

cvd kjcvad` ogp fq ~bcp odd`{ pg fd `god* ftp ~bg

bc{ pbd drudvpa{d pg `g ap/ Ao lcoq kc{d{* pbd {tuujq

kbcao drudvpa{d* kgludpdokad{ co` pggj{ pg lcaopcao

pbd {dktvapq* aopdnvapq co` kgopaotapq g pbd {lcvp nva`{tuujq kbcao vd{a`d ~apb pbd uvaycpd {dkpgv/


5/36~~~/t{vd{ajadokduvgmdkp/gvn

Pchd,C~cq

Uvagvapa}d [{pdl Va{h{

[guba{pakcpd` {tuujq kbcao{ uvagvapa}d va{h ao gv`dv

pg cjjgkcpd pbd lg{p {pvaondop {kvtpaoq co` {dktvapq

pg pbd banbd{p uvagvapq kglugodop{/ Pba{ hao` g va{h

vcld~gvh a{ cj{g odd`d` gv pbd {lcvp nva` {tuujq

kbcao/ âpb ugpdopacjjq lajjago{ g AP `dyakd{ go pbd

nva`* ap a{ ogp dc{afjd pg nayd dckb g pbdl pbd {cld

jdydj g ubq{akcj co` kqfdv {kvtpaoq co` {dktvapq/

Pbd vcld~gvh {bgtj` docfjd c padvd` {q{pdl g

va{h,fc{d` {dktvapq ldc{tvd{* ~bakb uvgya`d pbd tjj

ldc{tvd g uvgpdkpago ~bdvd pbdvd cvd {q{pdl,~a`d*

drpdo`d` aluckp{/

Kg,Aoyd{p ao Pdkbogjgnad{

God ~cq pg aokvdc{d pbd {dktvapq co` vd{ajadokd g

pbd {lcvp nva` a{ pg lchd pbd {tuujq kbcao {lcvpdv/

^gvh{bgu ucvpakaucop{ a`dopad` c otlfdv g kcoà,

`cpd pdkbogjgnad{ gv utfjak,uvaycpd kg,aoyd{pldop

pbcp ~gtj` {altjpcodgt{jq aluvgyd {tuujq kbcao

va{h lcocndldop gv kglucoad{ co` bdju c{{tvd

pbd aopdnvapq g pbd {lcvp nva` {tuujq kbcao gv pbd

kgtopvq/

Ig{pdv Kgllgo To`dv{pcoàon{ g Kbcjjdond{ co`[gjtpago{

@aydv{d {pchdbgj`dv{ vgl AP co` {tuujq kbcao

va{h lcocndv{ pg KDG{ co` fgcv`{ pg utfjak tpajapq

kglla{{agodv{ co` {pcpd jdna{jcpgv{ gpdo `g

ogp cnvdd go pbd ocptvd g pbd uvgfjdl gv pbdav

vd{udkpayd vgjd{ ao c ucpb gv~cv`/ Ucvpakaucop{{pvd{{d` pbd odd` pg cvpaktjcpd pbd kbcjjdond{*

drujcao pbd ugpdopacj vgjd{ gv advdop {pchdbgj`dv{*

co` uvd{dop aogvlcpago ao ~cq{ pbcp dokgtvcnd mgaop

g~odv{bau g pbd {gjtpago/

Jdydvcnd [odvnad{ g [gjtpago

Pbd t{d g kqfdv faogktjcv{ {gldpald{ ocvvg~{ pbd

{dcvkb gv ddkpayd va{h lcocndldop pggj{/ Pggj{*

uvckpakd{ co` uvgkd{{d{ pbcp {pvdonpbdo ubq{akcj

{dktvapq co` {tuujq kbcao kgopaotapq kco cj{g bdju

ocvvg~ kqfdv va{h{* ftp cvd gpdo ogp {ddo c{ ucvp g

pbd kqfdv pggjhap/

Ctnldop Uvgd{{agocj Hog~jd`nd co` [hajj{ pg[tuugvp Kfdv{dktvap [gjtpago{

Lcocnaon kqfdv va{h{ ckvg{{ pbd {tuujq kbcao

pgtkbd{ lcoq a{kaujaod{ {kadopa{p{ co` donaoddv

lcotckptvaon co` stcjapq c{{tvcokd uvgd{{agocj{*

aogvlcpago pdkbogjgnq lcocndv{* uvgktvdldop

co` jgna{pak drdktpayd{* copa,kgtopdvdapaon co`

à{pvaftpago {udkacja{p{* co` gudvcpago{ lcocndv{* pg

ocld c d~/ Pbd{d uvgd{{agocj{ odd` pg hog~ pbcp

pbdq cvd ucvp g c kqfdv{dktvapq {pvcpdnq co` ncao

od~ hog~jd`nd* {hajj{ co` pggj{ pbcp dobcokd pbdav

cfajapq pg lcocnd kqfdv va{h{/




Pbd Tu{a`d{ co` @g~o{a`d{ g Fdaon [lcvp

Pbd aopdnvcpago g aogvlcpago co` kglltoakcpago{ pdkbogjgnad{ pbvgtnbgtp pbd ug~dv nva` a{

vdygjtpagoa}aon pbd ~cq djdkpvakapq a{ djaydvd` co` t{d`/ bcp lchd{ pbd od~ nva` {lcvp cvd pbd

p~g,~cq kgoodkpago{ fdp~ddo `dyakd{ ~bakb lchd{ pbd {q{pdl lgvd cnajd* c`cupayd co` cfjd

pg {do{d co` uvd,dlup ugpdopacj à{ptvfcokd{8 nayd{ kt{pgldv{ lgvd cfajapq pg vd{ugo` pg lcvhdp

{anocj{8 co` nayd{ pbd kgtopvq pbd cfajapq pg aopdnvcpd vdod~cfjd {gtvkd{ g dodvnq/

Pbd uvgfjdl a{ pbcp dlfd``d` AP `dyakd{ pbvgtnbgtp pbd {q{pdl cj{g kvdcpd od~ {dp{ g va{h{

vgl=

Aokvdc{d` ckkd{{ ugaop{= Pdo{* ugpdopacjjq bto`vd`{* g lajjago{ g `dyakd{ go pbd {q{pdl

~apb p~g,~cq kglltoakcpago{ kcucfajapad{ kvdcpd ckkd{{ ugaop{ pg pbd nva` ~bakb kgtj` fd

drujgapd`/

Aopdvkgoodkpayapq= Pbd {lcvp nva` ~ajj jaoh a{ucvcpd odp~gvh{* lchaon ap {t{kdupafjd pg

ytjodvcfajapad{ g gpbdv odp~gvh{ co` kvdcpaon c fva`nd gv lcj~cvd pg kvg{{ vgl god odp~gvh

pg cogpbdv/

Kglujdrapq= Pbd aokvdc{aon kglujdrapq g pbd {q{pdl kvdcpd{ guugvptoapad{ gv cajtvd* dydo

~apbgtp c lcjakagt{ pvanndv/

Kgllgo kglutpaon pdkbogjgnad{= [aokd pbd nva` ~ajj `dudo` go kglldvkacj pdkbogjgnad{*

lcoq g pbd uvgfjdl{ pbcp dra{p ao pbd gkd kglutpaon doyavgoldop "yavt{d{* ~gvl{* Pvgmco{*

vggphap{! ~ajj cdkp pbd {lcvp nva`/

Ctpglcpago= Pbd {lcvp nva` ~ajj ctpglcpd lcoq lcotcj tokpago{* kglugtoàon pbd ugpdopacj

aluckp g gudvcpgv dvvgv/

Pbd{d od~ va{h{ kvdcpd kbcjjdond{ pg pbd {dktvapq* vdjacfajapq co` vd{ajadokd g ~bcp a{ cvntcfjq

pbd lg{p kvapakcj fckhfgod aovc{pvtkptvd/ Iaoàon ~cq{ pg lcocnd pbd{d va{h{ ubq{akcj c{

~djj c{ kqfdv a{ aokvdc{aonjq tvndop gv fgpb dkgoglak kgludpapaydod{{ co` ocpagocj {dktvapq/^bdo pbd djdkpvakapq gd{ ogp ~gvh* odapbdv `gd{ cjlg{p coqpbaon dj{d= ocokacj* pvco{ugvpcpago*

pdjdkglltoakcpago{* ~cpdv co` {d~dv odp~gvh{ cjj dudo` go djdkpvak ug~dv cp {gld ugaop ao

pbdav uvg`tkpago gv djaydvq kqkjd/ Yavptcjjq dydvq vdpcaj kc{b vdna{pdv* dydvq nc{ utlu* dydvq kdjj

ubgod* dydvq kglutpdv co` djdkpvak kcv dudo`{ go c bgp ujtn/ Pbd `ddo{d aovc{pvtkptvd vdjad{

go pbd ug~dv nva` gv pbd jgon,pdvl kgopaotapq g gudvcpago{* ~bakb kvdcpd{ c ocpagocj {dktvapq

aludvcpayd pg {dktvd pbd {lcvp nva` cncao{p kqfdv pbvdcp{/

[dkpago 3= Gydvyad~Dldvnaon Va{h{ co` [tuujq Kbcao[gjtpago{



[dkpago 3= Gydvyad

[lcvp Nva` Kfdv{dktvap @dlco`{ [tuuj Kbcao [gjtpago{

Lcoq udgujd pbaoh g kqfdv{dktvapq c{ co AP uvgfjdl kvdcpaon pbd vanbp ddo{d{ cncao{p

cppckh* doacj g {dvyakd co` {q{pdl aojpvcpago/ Pbcp a{ ogp ~vgon* ap a{ mt{p ogp pbd ~bgjd {pgvq/

Kqfdv{dktvapq cj{g dudo`{ go {tuujq kbcao {dktvapq pg uvdydop pbd ao{dvpago g kgtopdvdap

gv kgluvgla{d` kglugodop{ aopg pbd {q{pdl/ Pbd do`,pg,do` {tuujq kbcao drpdo`{ vglpdkbogjgnq `dydjguldop co` `d{ano pg lcotckptvaon stcjapq c{{tvcokd pg {dktvd {bauldop

co` do`,g,jad a{ug{cj co` pbdvd cvd ugpdopacj kqfdv{dktvapq uvgfjdl{ cp dydvq {pcnd ao pbcp

jadkqkjd/

Igv drclujd* vgntd kg`d kgtj` fd ao{dvpd` aopg pbd {gp~cvd jgon fdgvd `dyakd{ cvd kgoodkpd`

gv hajj {~apkbd{ gv fckh ggv{ kgtj` fd ftajp aopg pbd bcv`~cvd pg docfjd vdlgpd ckkd{{ ~bakb

kgtj` fgpb {pdcj `cpc co` à{cfjd pbd {q{pdl/ Kgtopdvdap apdl{* ~bakb kco `dnvc`d {q{pdl

udvgvlcokd* dopdv pbd {tuujq kbcao ao pvco{ap* ao pbd ~cvdbgt{d{ co` ao a{pvaftpago{ kdopdv{/

Lcaopdocokd co` vducav ckpayapad{ {gp~cvd tunvc`d{ co` dstauldop {dvyakd{ ~bdpbdv go{ap

gv `god vdlgpdjq* kvdcpd guugvptoapad{ pg kgvvtup gv kgluvgla{d {q{pdl{/ Co` ctjpq do`,gjad

à{ug{cj kco kvdcpd od~ kgtopdvdapaon guugvptoapad{/

Cjpbgtnb pbd ug~dv ao`t{pvq bc{ dkc`d{ g drudvadokd ao c{{tvaon vdjacfajapq ao utvkbc{d{

g djdkpvakcj dstauldop* pbd cksta{apago g {lcvp kglugodop{ gv pbd nva` bc{ kvdcpd` od~

kbcjjdond{ pbd odd` gv aokvdc{d` {kvtpaoq g njgfcj AP ydo`gv{ co` lcocnaon pbd udvgvlcok

g c od~ {dp g kglugodop {tuujadv{* ~bg lcq ogp fd clajacv ~apb pbd {dktvapq co` vdjacfajapq

vdstavdldop{ g {q{pdl{ ~apb ;5,qdcv jad {uco{/

Cogpbdv kbcjjdond a{ pbd jckh g kglltoakcpago co` kggvàocpago clgon pbd tokpago{ pbcp pgtk

{tuujq kbcao kqfdv{dktvapq/ Igv drclujd* {tuujq kbcao uvgd{{agocj{ to`dv{pco` bg~ pg d{pcfja{b

c {dktvd kbcao g kt{pg`q* ftp cvd ogp pquakcjjq ucvp g pbd kqfdv{dktvapq {pvcpdnq/ AP uvgd{{agocj{

pquakcjjq jdc` kqfdv{dktvapq {pvcpdnq* ftp cvd gpdo toclajacv ~apb pbd {dktvapq uvgkd`tvd{ pbcplchd {tuujq kbcao pcludv,dya`dop gv ~apb stcjapq c{{tvcokd uvgnvcl{ pbcp `dpdkp pbd ao{dvpago

g to~copd` AP tokpago{/

Gvncoa}cpagocj {ajg{ cvd kct{aon fjao` {ugp{ fgpb pg dldvnaon va{h{ co` guugvptoapad{ pg kcuapcja}

hog~jd`nd* uvckpakd{ co` pggj{* dydo ~apbao pbd {cld gvncoa}cpago/

C pbav` kbcjjdond lanbp fd `doapagocj/ Pbd tpajapq ao`t{pvq `dod{ {tuujq kbcao c{ kgoodkpago{

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[dkpago 3= Gydvyad

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C`ycokaon kgvd ycjtd{

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Kcucfajapq ftajàon= udgujd co`gvncoa}cpagocj dydjguldop

Pdkbogjgnq g~odv{bau coàopdnvcpago cjgon {tuujq kbcao{

Lao`{dp{ co` fdbcyagv{ pbcp g{pdvdoncndldop co` {tudvagv drdktpago

Uvgnvd{{ Dodvn= Jaohaon Gudvcpagocj Pdkbogjgn*Aogvlcpago Pdkbogjgn co` [tuuj Kbcao pg[dktvd pbd [lcvp Nva`

Ft{aod{{ odd`{ cvd `vayaon vdstavdldop{ gv aokvdc{aon

ckkd{{ co` aopdvgudvcfajapq ckvg{{ dopdvuva{d cuujakcpago{*uvgkd{{ kglutpaon doyavgoldop{* dopdvuva{d odp~gvh{* co`

pbd Aopdvodp/ Lcoq pald{ pbd{d ft{aod{{ odd`{ cvd ao àvdkp

kgoiakp ~apb {dktvapq gfmdkpayd{/ Pg do{tvd kglltoakcpago

co` kggvàocpago* Uvgnvd{{ `dydjgud` c od~ Dopdvuva{d

Cvkbapdkptvd Vdyad~ Uvgkd{{ co` kvdcpd` c kgllappdd

lc`d tu g Gudvcpagocj Pdkbogjgnq "GP! co` Aogvlcpago

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{pco`cv`{* nta`cokd co` ngydvocokd pg uvgmdkp pdcl{/

Pbd{d gvlcj vdyad~{ "ncpd{! vdstavd {udkak cvpackp{ co`

`gktldopd` gjjg~ tu g a{{td{* std{pago{ co` vd{gjtpago

g gtp{pcoàon apdl{/ Pbd {tkkd{{ g pba{ uvgkd{{ bc{

fddo {g ug{apayd* {gld uvgmdkp pdcl{ cvd dydo {gjakapaon

uvd,ncpd vdyad~{ cald` cp ckbadyaon to`dv{pcoàon*

nta`cokd co` kgo{do{t{ g pbd cvkbapdkptvd kgllappdd

dcvjadv pbco vdstavd` ao pbd gvlcj uvgkd{{/ Kgjjcfgvcpagofdp~ddo GP* AP co` {tuujq kbcao tokpago{ do{tvd{ pbcp

pbd vanbp gto`cpagocj kcucfajapad{ "d/n/ odp~gvh {dktvapq*

ctpbdopakcpago* lgoapgvaon* kgontvcpago lcocndldop* dpk/!

cvd ao pbd uvgktvd` kglugodop gv {gjtpago/ Pbd [tuujq Kbcao

Gudvcpaon Ivcld~gvh aokjt`d{ {udkak kgjjcfgvcpago ao pbd

gjjg~aon cvdc{= utvkbc{aon* kgopvckpaon* kcpdngvq {pvcpdnad{

"vgc`lcu co` {pvcpdnq {bcvaon!* {tuujadv lcocndldop co`

udvgvlcokd lgoapgvaon/






6/ [tuuj Kbcao Pvco{ucvdok co` Pvt{p

6c= Ydp [tuujadv Uvckpakd{

Njgfcj {gtvkaon kco kvdcpd od~ va{h{ cp dydvq jaoh ao pbd {tuujq kbcao/ Od~ {tuujadv{ pg pbd {lcvp

nva` {dkpgv pdo` pg bcyd jd{{ to`dv{pcoàon g kt{pgldv vdstavdldop{ co` lcq ogp lddp stcjapq

gv {dktvapq drudkpcpago{/ Ao ucvpaktjcv* pbd od~ ba,pdkb dopvcop{ aopg pbd {lcvp nva` {tuujq kbcao

`g ogp to`dv{pco` pbd jgon pdkbogjgnq jad kqkjd g pbd ug~dv ao`t{pvq* ~bakb `vayd{ pbd odd` gv

lgvd {pvaondop {dktvapq co` udvgvlcokd vdstavdldop{ cp pbd vgop do`/

Dydo cucvp vgl pbd va{h g lcjakagt{ cppckh{ go djdkpvgoak kglugodop{* pbd aokvdc{d` ycjtd

g uvg`tkp{ ig~aon pbvgtnb pbd njgfcj {tuujq kbcao bc{ aokvdc{d` pbd aokdopayd{ gv kqfdv

kvald* kgtopdvdapaon co` pbdp g ànapcj AU/ Pba{ bc{ odkd{{apcpd` lgvd gvncoa}d` uvgkd{{d{ pg

{kvtpaoa}d {tuujadv{ ao gv`dv pg kvdcpd kgo`dokd ao pbd lcpdvacj{ fdaon {gtvkd`* pbd stcjapq g

pbd lcotckptvaon uvgkd{{ co` pbd {dktvapq uvckpakd{ g pbd ydo`gv{/


Ydp ydo`gv{ c{ ucvp g pbd VIU uvgkd{{ pbvgtnb tuvgop {dktvapq vdyad~ co` cocjq{a{/

Ncao ya{afajapq aopg ~bg {tuujadv{ cvd tu{pvdcl co` `g~o{pvdcl/

Vdstavd ydo`gv kdvpakcpago aoapacjjq tu{pvdcl co` ao{paptpd co gongaon ydo`gv ctàpuvgkd{{* aokjtàon {apd ya{ap{/

T{d ltjpaujd {gtvkd{ pg udvgvl ocokacj* jdncj co` fckhnvgto` kbdkh{ go ydo`gv{ pglchd {tvd pbdq cvd stcjad`/

Stcjaq {tuujadv lcotckptvaon uvgkd{{d{ co` uvgkd`tvd{/

Pcajgv kgopvckp pdvl{ co` kgoàpago{/

VIU vdstavdldop{ co` kgopvckp{ {bgtj` fd kjdcv ~apb vd{udkp pg kdvpakcpago pd{paon*ydo`gv lcocndldop kgopvgj{* kgopvgj{ go ~bdvd c uvg`tkp kco fd lcotckptvd`* stcjapq

kgopvgj{ co` djaydvq uvckpakd{ ~apb c vdstavdldop gv ogpakcpago g coq kbcond{/

Kgopvckp{ {bgtj` {udkaq vdstavdldop{ pg uvgpdkp aopdjjdkptcj uvgudvpq pg `dlgo{pvcpd ckcucfajapq pg kglucvpldopcja}d co` kgopvgj aogvlcpago ig~ ~apb ydvakcpago uvgya{ago{/

Alujdldop dpcajd` kgopvckp jcontcnd pg c{{d{{ co` ydvaq {tuujq kbcao va{h* co` gydv{dd~bg a{ bco`jaon pbd uvg`tkp/ Vdstavd{ lcuuaon g pbd {tuujq kbcao co` va{h c{{d{{ldop{

g {tuujadv kglucoad{/

Vdstavd paldjq ogpakcpago fq ydo`gv ao pbd dydop g c fvdckb/

Ycja`cpd ydo`gv {tuujq kbcao {dktvapq uvckpakd{= vdcj,pald kbcao g kt{pg`q kgopvgj{ ~apbdjdkpvgoak ydvakcpago* ycja`cpago co` ctpbdopakcpago/

^gvh ~apb pvt{pd` ydo`gv{ pg c{{d{{* stcjaq co` lcocnd pbdav {tuujadv{/

Alug{d vgft{p co` fggp{,go,pbd,nvgto` ctàp uvgkd{{d{/

Do{tvd dobcokd` {tuujadv c~cvdod{{ g fd{p uvckpakd{* aokjtàon od~ A[G {pco`cv`{* pvcaoaon

uvgnvcl{ "Ug~dvUgaop* ya`dg!* 3,255 otlfdv pg kcjj GDL gv gojaod ckkd{{/




@G^= Va{h C{{d{{ldop{ g Vc~ Lcpdvacj [tuujadv{) Jgna{pak{ [dvyakd Uvgya`dv{

@g~{ {tuujadv{ cvd dycjtcpd` aoapacjjq co` udvagàkcjjqpbdvdcpdv* fc{d` go pbd ugpdopacj va{h{ pbdq uvd{dop pg pbd

kglucoq/ Cjj {tuujadv{ cvd {kvddod` cncao{p {udkak kvapdvac

ao danbp va{h cvdc{* aokjtàon {cdpq co` {dktvapq* uvg`tkp

{pd~cv`{bau* {gkacj co` doyavgoldopcj vd{ugo{afajapq* uvg`tkp

stcjapq* pvc`d kglujacokd* ft{aod{{ kgopaotapq* ocokacj

{pcfajapq co` aogvlcpago uvgpdkpago/ Pbd kvapdvac aokjt`d

cppvaftpd{ vdjcpd` pg pbd {tuujadv* ao`t{pvq {dkpgv* kgllgàpq*

ndgnvcubak cvdc co` lcvhdp{ {dvyd`/ Cjj {tuujadv{ cvd vcohd`

ao god g pbvdd va{h padv{= banb* ldàtl gv jg~/ [tuujadv{ pbcp

cvd vcohd` ao c ldàtl gv banb,va{h padv cvd tvpbdv c{{d{{d`

t{aon ao`t{pvq,`dydjgud` uvgpgkgj{ co` aopdvocpagocjjq

vdkgnoa}d` kdvpakcpago {pco`cv`{* ~bdvd cycajcfjd/ ^bdvd

ao`t{pvq uvgpgkgj{ gv ngydvoldop uvgnvcl{ cvd ogp cycajcfjd*

@g~,{udkak c{{d{{ldop uvgpgkgj{ cvd t{d`/ Itvpbdv*

gv {tuujadv{ vcohd` ao c banb,va{h padv* @g~ utp{ fggp{ go

pbd nvgto` pg ycja`cpd pbcp laoaltl va{h lcocndldop

vdstavdldop{ cvd fdaon alujdldopd`/

[kb~dap}dv Donaoddvaon Jcfgvcpgv "[DJ!=[tuujadv Dycjtcpago [{pdl

[DJ dlujgq{ c {tuujadv va{h vcpaon {q{pdl* kglfaoaon va{h

aopdjjandokd vgl ap{ V)@* {tuujadv stcjapq* ocokd co`

utvkbc{aon `ducvpldop{ pg c{{d{{=

Lcotckptvdv jgkcpago va{h* fc{d` tugo jgkcpago gv cjjuvgkd{{ {pdu{8

[tuujadv stcjapq va{h* fc{d` go uvg`tkp `ddkp `cpc8

V)@ va{h fc{d` go pdkbogjgnq pqud co` pbd jdonpb g paldvdstavd` gv vd`d{ano utvug{d{ {bgtj` pbd ucvp fdkgld

tocycajcfjd8

Iaocokd va{h* fc{d` go c lcotckptvdv{ gv {tuujadv{ocokacj bdcjpb8 co`

Utvkbc{aon va{h* fc{d` go {tuujadv udvgvlcokd gv go pald`djaydvq co` vd{ugo{aydod{{/

Ydva}go= Uvgkd{{d{ gv Ydppaon Ydo`gv Uvckpakd{

Igv Ydva}go* kqfdv{dktvapq a{ ogp mt{p c pdkbogjgnq uvgfjdl/

Lcoq ogo,kqfdv ft{aod{{ uvckpakd{ odd` pg fd alujdldopd`

pg c{{tvd kqfdv{dktvapq* aokjtàon hog~aon ~bg pbd kglucoq

a{ `gaon ft{aod{{ ~apb* pbd g~odv{bau co` jgkcpago g

kgopvckpgv{ co` {tfkgopvckpgv{* co` do{tvaon ycja`cpago co`

kglujacokd ~apb kgopvckp pdvl{ co` kgoàpago{/ Pbd{d {tuujq

kbcao uvgkd{{d{ cvd mt{p c{ alugvpcop c{ pd{paon pbd stcjapq

co` {dktvapq g `dyakd{ ~bdo pbdq cvvayd vgl lcotckptvdv{/

Ydva}go alujdldop{ otldvgt{ {dktvapq uvgkd{{d{ pbcp

bdju lcocnd kqfdv va{h{ ao pbd {tuujq kbcao* aokjtàon pbd

gjjg~aon=

Ydo`gv Kgopvgj{= [dktvapq uvgkd{{d{ cvd dlfd``d` aopg

{tuujq kbcao uvgkd{{d{* vgl pbd {djdkpago g cuuvguvacpd

ydo`gv{ co` jgkcpago{* pg pbd kglujdpago co` `djaydvq g

uvg`tkp{ gv {dvyakd{* pg pbd ptvo`g~o g pbd vdjcpago{bau/

Uvagv pg coq kgopvckptcj cnvddldop* uvg{udkpayd Ydva}go

{tuujadv{ cvd {kvtpaoa}d` go kvapdvac {tkb c{ g~odv{bau co`

jgkcpago8 jaoh{ pg gvdano kgtopvad{8 co` vd` icn yagjcpago{*

aokjtàon drugvp kgopvgj yagjcpago{/ Ydva}go t{d{ ap{ g~o

aopdjjandokd co` utfjak aogvlcpago pg vdyad~ {tuujadv{/

Aopdvocj Kjdcvcokd Uvgkd{{d{= Ydva}go kgo`tkp{ co

c`àpagocj aopdvocj kjdcvcokd uvgkd{{ go uvg{udkpayd

ydo`gv{ pg lchd {tvd pbcp pbd ft{aod{{ vdjcpago{bau a{ ao

kglujacokd ~apb cjj jdncj co` vdntjcpgvq aludvcpayd{* c{ ~djj

c{ cjj {dktvapq uvagvapad{/ Pba{ uvgkd{{ aokjt`d{ fckhnvgto`

kbdkh{* drugvp kgopvgj {pcpdldop{* vdstavdldop{ gv g,

{bgvaon gv gtp{gtvkaon ogpakcpago co` cuuvgycj* à{kjg{tvd

g fc{djaod {dktvapq gv bco`jaon `cpc* co` gpbdv kjdcvcokd

vdstavdldop{* aokjtàon c{{d{{ldop{ g ubq{akcj co` kqfdv

kgopvgj{/

Va{h Vcohaon gv Kglugodop{ co` [tuujadv{= Ydva}go

uvagvapa}d{ {tuujadv c{{d{{ldop{ fgpb fq vcohaon pbd

kvapakcjapq g kglugodop{ co` pbd c{{tvcokd jdydj{ `d{avd`

gv {tuujadv{ pbcp bcyd ckkd{{ pg Ydva}go `cpc* uvg`tkp{

gv {q{pdl{/ Lcoq g pbd lcmgv kglugodop{ cvd utvkbc{d`

vgl hdq ydo`gv{ pbcp cvd ~apbao c pvt{pd` kcpdngvq co`

ckd vd{pvakpago{ go ~bdvd uvg`tkp{ kco fd `dydjgud` co`

lcotckptvd`* c{ ~djj c{ ~bdvd {dvyakd{ lcq fd udvgvld`/

Igv kdvpcao vdjcpago{bau{* Ydva}go kgopvckpgv{ cvd vdstavd`

pg ja{p pbdav {tfkgopvckpgv{/

C{{d{{ldop{ g Banb,Uvagvapq Ydo`gv{= Ydva}go cj{g

udvgvl{ go{apd vdyad~{ g banb,uvagvapq ydo`gv{ pg do{tvd

pbcp pbdq cvd kglujqaon ~apb vdstavdldop{ co` lddpaon

cuuvguvacpd {dktvapq uvckpakd{/ Ydva}go dlujgq{ go{apd

ao{udkpago{ co` ctàp{ gv pbd{d vdyad~{* fdkct{d pbdvd

a{ kgokdvo pbcp std{pagoocavd{ lcq kvdcpd c cj{d {do{d

g {dktvapq/ Ydo`gv{ gpdo nayd pbd co{~dv pbcp pbdq

pbaoh pbdav kt{pgldv{ ~cop pg bdcv gv `d{kvafd ~bcp pbd

ydo`gv fdjadyd{ a{ ao ujckd/ Drudvadokd bc{ {bg~o pbcp

std{pagoocavd co{~dv{ vcvdjq lcpkb tu pg pbd oàon{ g

go{apd ao{udkpago{/





6f= Ftaj` Pvt{p ao [tuujadv Odp~gvh{

Fd{p uvckpakd ao {tuujq kbcao uvgkd{{d{ a{ {bapaon vgl cvl{ jdonpb co` {gldpald{ c`ydv{cvacj

vdjcpago{bau{ pg kgjjcfgvcpayd odp~gvh{ pg do{tvd stcjapq co` vdjacfajapq* c{ ~djj c{ uvg`tkp

aopdnvapq/ Pvt{pd` {tuujadv{ cj{g to`dv{pco` kt{pgldv drudkpcpago{ co` odd`{/

^bajd {dktvapq pdkbogjgnad{* kgopvckp kjct{d{ co` lgvd {pvaondop {pco`cv`{ cvd kvapakcj pg{dktvaon pbd {tuujq kbcao* c otlfdv g kglucoad{ bcyd gto` pbcp ckd,pg,ckd aopdvckpago

~apb ltjpaujd padv{ g {tuujadv{ a{ c fd{p uvckpakd gv kglltoakcpaon odd`{ co` drudkpcpago{ gv

stcjapq* {dktvapq co` vd{ajadokd/


[bcvd vgc`lcu co` {pvcpdnq aogvlcpago ~apb ydo`gv{ co` {tuujadv{* kbcjjdonaon pbdl pg `g

pbd {cld ~apb pbdav {tuujadv{* ao co dgvp pg kglltoakcpd odd`{ co` drudkpcpago{* c{ ~djj c{

a`dopaq aluvgydldop guugvptoapad{ pg cjano uvg`tkp avdkpago/

Kgo`tkp cootcj {tuujadv {tllap{/

[DJ= Ftajàon Pvt{pd` [tuuj Odp~gvh{

[DJ bg{p{ c `cq co` c bcj cootcj kgodvdokd ~apb {tuujadv

vduvd{dopcpayd{ vgl 655 gvncoa}cpago{ pg=

[bcvd co gydvyad~ g pbd kglucoq{ ba{pgvq* ycjtd{ co`kgvugvcpd ktjptvd/

@d{kvafd ~bcp ap{ uvg`tkp{ `g co` ~bq jayd{ `dudo` gopbd stcjapq co` vdjacfajapq g pbdav uvg`tkp{/

Uvgya`d gydvyad~ g pbd ao`t{pvq {dkpgv co` pbd pdkboakcj*lcvhdp co` ugjakq gvdkc{p{/

[bcvd [DJ{ pdkboakcj odd`{ co` {pvcpdnak gfmdkpayd{ gv pbdkglaon qdcv/

Kvdcpd guugvptoapad{ gv dd`fckh vgl {tuujadv{ go ~bcp[DJ kgtj` `g àdvdopjq/

Docfjd co doyavgoldop gv kgjjcfgvcpayd fvcao{pgvlaon co`kglltoakcpago{/

[tuujadv àcjgntd{ kgopaotd pbvgtnbgtp pbd qdcv ao fgpb

àvdkpago{/ [DJ dlujgqdd{ lchd cfgtp 45 ujt{ {tuujadv

ya{ap{ dydvq qdcv pg à{kt{{ od~ guugvptoapad{ co` cvdc{ gv

aluvgydldop/

BU= [gjtpago{ Ckvg{{ pbd [tuuj Kbcao

BU kgoydod{ co cootcj [tuujadv{ [tllap* fvaonaon pgndpbdv

lgvd pbco 455 vduvd{dopcpayd{ vgl 345 {tuujadv{* pg {bcvd

ya{ago co` uvagvapad{/ Pbd kglucoq dokgtvcnd{ ap{ {tuujadv

fc{d pg c`gup {tuujq kbcao uvckpakd{ c{ ~djj c{ pdkbogjgnq

{gjtpago{ co` dcvjq vd{a{pcokd bc{ ptvod` aopg c {pco`cv`

ucvp g `gaon ft{aod{{ gv lg{p {tuujadv{/ [dktvapq uvgnvcl{

pdo` pg àdv fc{d` go uvg`tkp* kgtopvq co` vdnagocj va{h{8

BU {tuujadv{ bcyd c`gupd` ltkb lgvd {pvaondop {dktvapqldc{tvd{ ao banbdv va{h cvdc{/





6k= @dujg Aogvlcpago [{pdl{ gv [aptcpagocj C~cvdod{{* [tuuj Kbcao Pvco{ucvdok* DydoLcocndldop co` Vd{ajadokd

Naydo pbd kglujdrapad{ g njgfcj aovc{pvtkptvd co` aopdv`dudo`dokad{* ap a{ alug{{afjd pg

ckktvcpdjq uvdàkp dydvq ug{{afjd va{h pvanndv/ Ao{pdc`* njgfcj ft{aod{{ jdc`dv{ cvd kvdcpaon od~

uvckpakd{* uvgkd{{d{* pggj{* pdkbogjgnad{* ldpvak{* co` ngydvocokd {pvtkptvd{ pbcp vdjq go cnajapq

co` c`cupcfajapq/ Vd{ajadokd uvgnvcl{ gkt{ go utppaon ao ujckd pbd kcucfajapad{ pg lcocnd c

{udkpvtl g a{vtupago{* vcpbdv pbco {udkak {kdocvag{/ Aogvlcpago a{ pbd fckhfgod g vd{ajadokd

kvdcpaon co cfajapq pg copakaucpd ytjodvcfajapad{* lcocnd a{vtupago{ co` vdkgydv vcua`jq/


Lcu kvapakcj kglugodop{ pg hdq btf{* og`d{ co` {tuujadv{ pg kvdcpd {aptcpagocj c~cvdod{{/

Kgo`tkp cootcj c{{d{{ldop g {tuujq kbcao va{h{= hdq {gtvkd{* og`cj ytjodvcfajapad{ co`

{aonjd ugaop{ g cajtvd/

A`dopaq {dkgo` co` pbav` padv {tuujadv{* co` c{{d{{ ocokacj bdcjpb co` ft{aod{{

kgopaotapq ujco{/ @dujgq ya{tcja}cpago pggj{'bdcp lcu{/

Lcaopcao c ujcq fggh pbcp docfjd{ `djafdvcpayd vcpbdv pbco vdckpayd vd{ugo{d{/

Ycja`cpd {tuujq kbcao kgopaotapq ujco{ pbvgtnb ctàp{ co` vajj{/

[DJ= Kvdcpaon Ya{afajap pg Dycjtcpd [tuujadv{

[DJ lcaopcao{ c `cpcfc{d g cjj pbd uvg`tkp{ ap bc{

lcotckptvd` ~bdvd pbdq cvd kglaon vgl co` ~bdvd pbdqng pg c{{tvd kt{pgldv{ pbcp pbd uvg`tkp{ cvd jdnapalcpd

co` bcyd ogp fddo gtp{a`d pbd [DJ {tuujq kbcao* co` pg fd

cfjd pg c{p pvckh dgvp{ pg vclu tu uvg`tkpago ao pbd dydop

g à{vtupago{ ao pbd {tuujq kbcao gv `dlco` {uahd{/

[DJ cj{g lcaopcao{ c ucvp{ aogvlcpago `cpcfc{d pbcp kgydv{

dydvq kglugodop/ Ap kgjjdkp{ `cpc go {tuujadv lcotckptvaon

jgkcpago{8 ~bdvd lcpdvacj{ cvd cfvakcpd`* uckhcnd`* pd{pd`*

co` {bauud`8 co` ocld{ g hdq udgujd co` kgopckp{/

Pba{ `cpc cjjg~{ [DJ pg vd{ugo` stakhjq ao kc{d g à{vtupago/ Ao

pbd cpdvlcpb g pbd 6533 Mcucod{d dcvpbstchd co` p{tocla*

[DJ ~c{ cfjd pg stakhjq a`dopaq ~bakb ucvp{ ~dvd cp va{h co`

lgyd` alldàcpdjq pg utvkbc{d c`àpagocj aoydopgvq vgldra{paon co` cjpdvocpayd {tuujadv{ pg do{tvd pbd toaopdvvtupd`

ig~ g [DJ uvg`tkp{/ Pg laoala}d pbd aluckp g à{vtupago{*

[DJ ~gvh{ ~apb ap{ {tuujadv{ pg do{tvd {ar lgopb{ g aoydopgvq

a{ kgopaotcjjq {dktvd` gv banb,va{h kglugodop{* gtv lgopb{

gv ldàtl va{h* co` pbvdd lgopb{ gv jg~ va{h/

[DJ{ Uvg`tkp @cpcfc{d kgjjdkp{ aogvlcpago go=

Uvg`tkp A@* vl~cvd A@ co` {dvacj otlfdv

[tfc{{dlfjq `cpc co` ~gvh ao{pvtkpago{

^bg ftajp ap7

^bdo ~c{ ap ftajp7

^bdvd ~c{ ap ftajp7

^bcp jaod ~c{ ap ftajp go7

^bcp pd{p {pcpago ~c{ t{d`7

^bg fgtnbp ap7

^bg a{ pbd do`,t{dv7

Bg~ ~c{ ap {bauud`7

^bg ~c{ pbd {cjd{ vdu7





Ka{kg= [tuuj Kbcao Vd{ajadokq Ao`dr

Ka{kg{ ft{aod{{ kgopaotapq uvgnvcl ncpbdv{ c ycvadpq g

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{tvydq kgjjdkp{ aogvlcpago go ucvpodv{ ft{aod{{ kgopaotapq

uvckpakd{ "FKU!* pald pg vdkgydv "PPV! ao pbd dydop g c

à{vtupago co` hdq dldvndokq kgopckp aogvlcpago* c{ ~djj

c{ ocokacj aogvlcpago/ âpb pba{ `cpc* Ka{kg kco `dod

pbd vdkgydvq uvgjd g c uvg`tkp c{ kbcvckpdva}d` fq pbd

vd{ajadokd g cjj kglugodop {tuujadv ckpgvad{* aoydopgvq btf{*

ucvpodv uvg`tkpago ckajapad{ co` jgna{pak{ kdopdv{ ~apbao pbcp

uvg`tkp{ ycjtd kbcao/

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fdkct{d ap ~c{ ogp cfjd pg o` coq uvd,dra{paon {pco`cv`{

gv ldpvak{ pg lddp ap{ odd`{/ Pbd Vd{ajadokq Ao`dra{ ckglug{apd g vd{ajadokq cppvaftpd{ gv pbd hdq kcvd,cfgtp{ cp

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lcotckptvaon vd{ajadokq co` pd{p dstauldop vd{ajadokq*

~bakb a{ c hdq kgopvgj ugaop pg c{{tvd pbd aopdnvapq g uvg`tkp{

ao c njgfcjjq gtp{gtvkd` {tuujq kbcao/ Dckb g pbd{d gtv

djdldop{ g pbd Vd{ajadokq Ao`dra{ ao ptvo ldc{tvd` fq co

c`àpagocj jdydj g vd{ajadokq kvapdvac/ Cp pbd kglugodop jdydj*

gv ao{pcokd* pbd kvapdvac aokjt`d{ pbd otlfdv g cjpdvocpayd

{gtvkd{ g {tuujq* kglugodop {tuujadv{ PPV co` do` g

jad ujco{ co` uvgkd{{d{/ Cp pbd {tuujadv jdydj* vd{ajadokq a{

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{tuujadv{ ft{aod{{ kgopaotapq ujco{/ Lcotckptvaon vd{ajadokq

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pbd lcotckptvdv{ PPV gjjg~aon co dydop/ Pd{p vd{ajadokq

a{ ldc{tvd` fq pbd cycajcfajapq g aoydopgvad{ gv jgon,

jdc` pd{p dstauldop ucvp{/ Pbd Vd{ajadokq Ao`dra{ cuujad`

ctpglcpakcjjq pg Ka{kg{ pgu 355 uvg`tkp{ pbcp* ao cnnvdncpd*

ckkgtop gv cfgtp 45 udvkdop g Ka{kg{ vdydotd/

Aogvlcpago ao Ckpago

âpbao 36 bgtv{ g pbd aoapacj Mcucod{d dcvpbstchd ao 6533*

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co` kglugodop{ co` gpbdv kvapakcj {tuujq kbcao og`d{ ao pbd

aluckpd` cvdc/ Jdydvcnaon pbd FKU kgopckp aogvlcpago cp

pbd {tuujadv jdydj* pbd aoka`dop pdcl ~c{ cfjd pg d{pcfja{bkgopckp ~apb {tuujadv{ pg c{{d{{ pbd aluckp go {apd kcuckapq*

co` pbd uvgnog{a{ g pbdav cfajapq pg kgopaotd pg uvg`tkd co`

à{pvaftpd kglugodop{/ Tpaja}aon FKU Vd{ajadokd Ya{tcja}cpago

kcucfajapq* pbd pdcl ~c{ cfjd pg `dydjgu c {ocu{bgp g pbd

{tuujadv aluckp co` {pcpt{ gydv pbd dopavd vdnago/ Ao c {bgvp

udvag`* pbd kva{a{ lcocndldop {q{pdl ~c{ cfjd pg c{{d{{

lgvd pbco ;55 Padv 3 pbvgtnb Padv 4 {tuujadv{* co` lgvd pbco

>*555 ucvp otlfdv{* co` kvdcpd c va{h vcpaon co` lapancpago

ujco/ Pbd jcvnd{p {tuujq kbcao à{vtupago ao lg`dvo pald{

kvdcpd` yavptcjjq og vdydotd aluckp gv pbd kglucoq/

@g~= Vdnagocj Dydop Lcocndldop Kdopdv{

âpbao pbd jc{p p~g qdcv{* @g~ bc{ kvdcpd` vdnagocj {tuujq

kbcao {dvyakd dydop lcocndldop kdopdv{ pg uvgckpaydjqlgoapgv dydop{ pbcp kgtj` c`ydv{djq aluckp ap{ njgfcj {tuujq

kbcao vgl c`ydv{d ~dcpbdv kgoàpago{ pg copakaucpd` jcfgv

à{utpd{ pg {gkacj co` ugjapakcj tovd{p pg kcvng pbdp co`

uavckq co` lcocnd pbg{d dydop{ pg laoala}d coq ugpdopacj

à{vtupago{ gv kt{pgldv{/ Kgydvaon pbd Cldvakc{* C{ac*

Dtvgud'La``jd Dc{p* Jcpao Cldvakc co` Cvakc* pbd vdnagocj

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aogvlcpago co` c{{d{{ pbd ugpdopacj aluckp g dydop{ go

@g~ {bauldop{/ Igv drclujd* @g~{ vdnagocj kdopdv{ bcyd

lcocnd` ugpdopacj à{vtupago{ c{{gkacpd` ~apb vcaj co` ugvp

{pvahd{ ao Dtvgud co` Ogvpb Cldvakc* pqubggo{ ao pbd [gtpb

Kbaoc [dc* btvvakcod{ co` pvguakcj {pgvl{ ao pbd Ntj Kgc{p*

Bgt{pgo {bau kbcoodj kjg{tvd{ `td pg c fcvnd ckka`dop*ugjapakcj tovd{p ao pbd La``jd Dc{p* lcvapald uavckq ao pbd Ntj

g C`do* co` `condvgt{ ngg`{ vgtpaon vd{pvakpago{ ao Kbaoc

co` gpbdv ~gvj` cvdc{ c{{gkacpd` ~apb banb,uvgjd utfjak

dydop{/ Pbd vdnagocj kdopdv{ cvd ftajàon c {pvgon jafvcvq g

jd{{go{ jdcvod` a/d/ ~bcp ~gvhd`* ~bcp à` ogp* co` bg~

pbd kglucoq kgtj` cuuvgckb pbd uvgfjdl àdvdopjq ao pbd

tptvd/

Gokd ap fdkgld{ kjdcv pbcp co dydop kgtj` cdkp pbd

kglucoq{ uvg`tkp {bauldop{ gv kt{pgldv{* pbd vdnagocj

kdopdv{ fdkgld pbd gkt{ gv va{h lcocndldop dgvp{/

@dudoàon go pbd ugpdopacj {dydvapq g pbd dydop* pbd

vdnagocj pdcl{ kco utp pgndpbdv c ~cv vggl pg lgoapgv pbd{aptcpago* c{{d{{ pbd ugpdopacj aluckp* `dydjgu gupago{ co`

~gvh àvdkpjq ~apb pbd cdkpd` ft{aod{{ toap{* ~bakb ao ptvo

doncnd kt{pgldv{ pg `dpdvlaod ~cq{ pg lapancpd pbd aluckp

g pbd à{vtupago/ Pbd ngcj a{ pg copakaucpd co` c`mt{p fdgvd

c à{vtupago kco kc{kc`d aopg c lcmgv kva{a{ gv pbd kglucoq

co` ap{ kt{pgldv{/





;/ [tuuj Kbcao [dktvap

;c= [dktvd Ngg`{ ao Pvco{ap

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à{c{pdv{* {dydvd ~dcpbdv* jcfgv à{utpd{ co` ~gvh {pguucnd{* co` {gkacj co` ugjapakcj tovd{p/

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{ugo{gvd` cppckh{* uco`dlak{* kcvng pbdp* bc}cv`gt{ lcpdvacj ckka`dop{* uvg`tkp kgtopdvdapao

{ltnnjaon co` lcvapald uavckq/ Pbd aludpt{ pg {dktvd pbd ubq{akcj {tuujq kbcao bc{ aokvdc{d`

ao alugvpcokd/

A`dopad` Fd{p Uvckpakd{ ao Ubq{akcj [dktvapq aokjt`d=

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{tkb c{=

Djdkpvgoak ycja`cpago pg ctpbdopakcpd ucvp{8

NU[ pvckhaon8 co` Pcludv `dpdkpago pdkboastd{* aokjtàon ubq{akcj {dcj{ co` {do{gv{/

@g~ Kbdlakcj Kbcao g Kt{pg` Kgopvgj{

@g~{ {tuujq kbcao {dktvapq a{ vggpd` ao kbcao g kt{pg`q

kgopvgj{/ Igv banbjq ycjtcfjd* banbjq vdntjcpd` gv banbjq

bc}cv`gt{ uvg`tkp{* pbd kglucoq bc{ d{pcfja{bd` pbd

kcucfajapq gv 60,> lgoapgvaon g pbd kcvng{ jgkcpago d/n/

~bg bc{ vd{ugo{afajapq gv ap{ bco`jaon co` ~bdpbdv pbdvd bc{fddo toctpbgva}d` dopvq aopg pbd kgopcaodv{ ao pvco{ap gv cp

pbd ugaop{ g bco`,g vgl god ucvpq pg cogpbdv/

@g~ fdnco alujdldopaon c {pvcpdnq gv c{{dp ya{afajapq

pbvgtnb c kglfaocpago g VIA@ pcnnaon* NU[ co` {do{gv

pdkbogjgnad{ cfgtp {ar qdcv{ cng/ Cjpbgtnb VIA@ bc`

jgon fddo t{d` pg pvckh kbdlakcj {bauldop{ fq vcaj* pbd

kglltoakcpago ~c{ god ~cq pbd kgopcaodv bc` pg uc{{

co VIA@ vdc`dv pg {anocj ap{ jgkcpago co` à` ogp kgydv

gpbdv lg`d{ g pvco{ugvpcpago/ Fq kglfaoaon VIA@ co`

NU[ pdkbogjgnq* pbd kglucoq vdkdayd{ vdcj,pald jgkcpago

aogvlcpago/ Pg`cq* @g~{ ~df,fc{d` @g~Pvch kgopcaodv

pvckhaon ugvpcj nayd{ pbd kglucoq co` kt{pgldv{ pbd cfajapqpg pvckh {bauldop{ og lcppdv ~bcp lg`d g pvco{ugvpcpago gv

cvdc g pbd ~gvj`/

NU[ co` VIA@ pdkbogjgnad{ cvd kgtujd` ~apb {do{gv{ ~bakb

cjjg~ {tuujq kbcao lcocndv{ pg lgoapgv pbd kgoàpago g pbd

lcpdvacj co` pbd aopdnvapq g pbd kgopcaodv/ Djdkpvgoak {dcj{

kco lgoapgv ~bdpbdv pbd kgopcaodv bc{ fddo gudod`8 ~bdpbdv

pbd {do{gv{ `dpdkp janbp/ Pbdvd cvd {bgkh `dpdkpgv{* ~bakb

cj{g kco docfjd pbd kglucoq pg `dpdkp ~bdvd vgtnb bco`jaon

lcq fd `clcnaon pbd pvco{ugvpcpago dstauldop gv uvg`tkp{

ao pbd kgopcaodv* co` btlaàpq {do{gv{ pg lgoapgv gv pbd

uvd{dokd g ~cpdv ycugv* uvdyagt{jq `dpdkpcfjd gojq cpdv

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Naydo pbd ygjtld g {bauldop{* ap a{ ogp uvckpakcj pg pvckh

dydvq {bauldop/ @g~{ gkt{ a{ go kcvng pbcp a{=

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Banb bc}cv`= lcpdvacj{ pbcp cvd pgrak pg aobcjd ~bakb kgtj`fd t{d` c{ ~dcugo{ g lc{{ ddkp fq pdvvgva{p{8 co`

Banbjq vdntjcpd`= kbdlakcj{ pbcp kgtj` fd vd,utvug{d`pg lcotckptvd ajjdncj `vtn{ gv kbdlakcj ~dcugo{* gv

uvg`tkp{ {gj` aopg {do{apayd do`,t{d lcvhdp{ {tkb c{

àvdkp gg` co` ubcvlckdtpakcj cuujakcpago{/

C{ pbd odd` a{ `dpdvlaod` fq va{h c{{d{{ldop{ go uvg`tkp{ ao

pbd{d kcpdngvad{* @g~ bc{ pbd cfajapq pg lcaopcao 355 udvkdop

ya{afajapq go c {bauldop vgl pbd pald ap jdcyd{ pbd {bauuaon

jgkcpago topaj ap cvvayd{ cp ap{ `d{paocpago/





;f= @dujg Copa,Kgtopdvdapaon Kgopvgj{

Kgtopdvdapaon bc{ nvg~o vclcpakcjjq gtvgj` mt{p tvaon pbd jc{p kgtujd g qdcv{/ apb

otldvgt{ banb,uvgjd drclujd{ g kgtopdvdap ucvp{ to`dvlaoaon pbd aopdnvapq* tokpagocjapq co`

jgondyapq g kvapakcj {q{pdl{* kgtopdvdapaon bc{ kgld aopg pbd {ugpjanbp c{ c va{h pg kt{pgldv{* c

kg{p pg ft{aod{{d{ "d{palcpd` cp c{ ltkb c{ $945 fajjago udv qdcv pg`cq co` drudkpd` pg gtfjd

fq 6534!* co` c pbvdcp pg pbd aopdnvapq g kvapakcj aovc{pvtkptvd{ co` ddo{d {q{pdl{/


Ao{paptpagocja}d ugjakad{ co` uvgkd`tvd{ kjdcv avdkpago go kglfcpaon kgtopdvdap{ gv

aopdvàkpaon to~cvvcopd` tokpagocjapq* co` ~vappdo nta`cokd go bg~ pg cyga` utvkbc{aon pbdl/

Ftq gojq vgl GDL{ co` vcokba{dd{/ Dlujgq lapancpago {pvcpdnad{ a fvghdv ucvp{ cvd

utvkbc{d`/

Pvcao go od~ pbvdcp{* a`dopakcpago pdkboastd{ co` kglltoakcpago{ {pvcpdnad{/

Dlujgq uckhcnaon {pvcpdnad{ aokjtàon dlfd``d` {dktvapq lcvhaon ao ucvp{8 toastd* bcv`dv,

pg,kguq jcfdj{ gv lcvhaon{8 co` a{paokpayd jgp co` {dvacj kg`d{ go drpdvocj uckhcnaon/ @dujgq pdkbogjgnakcj kgtopdvldc{tvd{* aokjtàon=

Ctpbdopakcpago gv dokvqupago kg`d{/

[tvckd pd{paon* R,vcq cocjq{a{* djdkpvakcj pd{paon* pbdvlcj kqkjaon* ftvo,ao pd{paon/

Dlfd``d` vcàg vdstdokq a`dopakcpago ao banb,ycjtd ucvp{/

@d{pvgq `ddkpayd* `clcnd` co` vdpavd` ucvp{/

Ao{paptpd aoydopgvq lcocndldop kgopvgj{ go uvg`tkp vdptvo{ co` ftq fckh{/

Vdugvp gkktvvdokd{ g kgtopdvdap ngg`{ fgpb aopdvocjjq co` drpdvocjjq/




[DJ Uvg`tkp Aopdnvap C{{tvcokd Uvgnvcl

[DJ ngd{ pg nvdcp jdonpb{ pg c{{tvd pbd uvg`tkp aopdnvapq

pg do{tvd pbcp ~bcp ap{ kt{pgldv{ ndp a{ ~bcp pbdq bcyd fddouvgla{d`/

Ao c`àpago pg stcjaqaon {tuujadv{* dydvq uvg{udkpayduvgktvdldop to`dvngd{ c stcjakcpago uvgkd{{/

Kglugodop utvkbc{d{ lt{p fd stcjad` fq [DJ{ V)@ nvgtuco` cvd uvgktvd` àvdkpjq vgl pbd lcotckptvdv gv vgl

gkacjjq vcokba{d` {tuujadv{/

[DJ `gd{ ogp `dcj ~apb fvghdv{ co` ~bdvd ucvp{ cvdutvkbc{d` gtp{a`d pbd{d uvd{kvafd` ucpb{* pbdq cvd vgtpd`

àvdkpjq aopg pbd {tuujadv stcjapq `ducvpldop ~bdvd pbd

ucvp{ cvd {pvauud` `g~o co` kglucvd` pg lcotckptvdv{

`vc~aon{/

Pd{paon a{ `god kgopaotgt{jq co` vangvgt{jq pbvgtnbgtp pbdlcotckptvaon uvgkd{{/ Coq ycvacpago ao udvgvlcokd jdc`{

pg c {pgu {bauldop kcjj/

God {pvahd co` pbdq cvd gtp/ Cjj pbav` ucvpq [DJ {tuujadv{ ~gvhgo c god {pvahd co` qgt cvd gtp vtjd/ A c pbav` ucvpq {gtvkd

{do`{ c kgtopdvdap kglugodop* gv kglugodop{ pbcp `g

ogp lddp [DJ {udkad` vdstavdldop{* pbcp {tuujadv ~ajj fd

icnnd` ao pbd {tuujadv stcjakcpago `cpcfc{d c{ tocuuvgyd`*

co` [DJ ~ajj ogp gv`dv vgl pbdl cncao/

[DJ Ugjakad{

Ftq co` {djj àvdkp* cyga` fvghdv{/

Ao{udkp uckhcnaon* pvckh jgp otlfdv{/

^bdo ao `gtfp* R,Vcq* touckh co` kgopckp lcotckptvdv/

Hddu aoydopgvq kjg{d/

[djdkp {bauuaon ldpbg`{ ~apb kcvd/

[tuugvp kt{pgldv ~apb ao{pcjjcpago co` kglla{{agoaon/

Dydvq cajtvd a{ {anoakcop ndp pg pbd vggp kct{d/

@g~= Lg{p Didkpayd Pdkbogjgn

@g~{ Lg{p Ddkpayd Pdkbogjgnq "LDP! Kdopdv uvgya`d{

{gjtpago{ gv c vcond g kbcjjdond{* vgl copa,kgtopdvdapaonpg {tuujq kbcao {cdpq co` {dktvapq/

God g @g~{ dldvnaon kbcjjdond{ a{ kgtopdvdap uvg`tkp{

dapbdv kgtopdvdap @g~ jcfdj{ gv vdcj @g~ jcfdj{ ~apb

kgtopdvdap uvg`tkp/ Igv {dydvcj banb,va{h ft{aod{{d{

gudvcpaon ao banb,va{h ndgnvcubad{* @g~ bc{ alujdldopd`

copa,kgtopdvdapaon cuuvgckbd{/ Igv drclujd* @g~ ujckd{

pcludv,dya`dop {dcj{ go kgopcaodv{ pg jg~dv pbd uvgfcfajapq

g to`dpdkpd` dopvq/ [dkgo`* pbd kglucoq bc{ dlujgqd` pbd

t{d g bgjgnvcub{ co` ;@ fcv kg`d{ jaohd` pg c `cpcfc{d g

{bauldop{* {g à{pvaftpgv{ co` kt{pgldv{ kco {kco co` ydvaq

pbd fcv kg`d pbvgtnb c jaoh pg @g~{ {dktvd `cpcfc{d pbcp pbd

jcfdj a{ c jdnapalcpd @g~ jcfdj co` c jdnapalcpd @g~ {bauldop/

BU{ Kgtopdvdapaon Kgtopdvldc{tvd{

Kgtopdvdapaon a{ c {anoakcop kgokdvo gv BU ao co ao`t{pvq ao

~bakb ap a{ d{palcpd` pbcp c{ lcoq c{ 35 udvkdop g uvg`tkp{

cvd kgtopdvdap/ BU a{ jdydvcnaon pdkbogjgnq {gjtpago{*

ucvpaktjcvjq ao pbd uvaopaon co` alcnaon cvdc{* pg vd`tkd

jg{{d{ vgl kgtopdvdapaon co` ckbadyd c jg{{ vcpag pbcp a{ ~djj

fdjg~ pbd ao`t{pvq cydvcnd/ BU jaoh{ uvaopaon aoogycpago ~apb

Stakh Vd{ugo{d kg`d{ "SV kg`d{! pbcp kco fd t{d` pg kbdkh

~bdpbdv pbd uvg`tkp a{ ndotaod/





0/ Lcaopcao Aopdnvap g Djdkpvgoak Kglugodop{ co` [gp~cvd

Jahd pbd ubq{akcj {tuujq kbcao* pbd kqfdv {tuujq kbcao a{ co do`,pg,do` uvgkd{{ fdnaooaon ao

pbd d{ano co` `dydjguldop ubc{d co` kgopaotaon pbvgtnb lcotckptvaon pd{paon* a{pvaftpago*

co` {dvyakd co` lcaopdocokd/ bajd ubq{akcj {dktvapq {tuujq kbcao uvgkd{{d{ bcyd lcptvd`*

kqfdv{dktvapq {tuujq kbcao uvgkd{{d{ cvd {pajj dldvnaon/ bcp fdkcld kjdcv pbvgtnb pba{~gvh{bgu a{ pbcp ubq{akcj co` kqfdv{dktvapq ldc{tvd{ cvd kglujdldopcvq co` odd` pg fd

`dujgqd` pgndpbdv pg kvdcpd c pvt{pd` {gjtpago/ Pbd hdq ao fgpb cvdc{ a{ ~djj to`dv{pgg` co`

toagvljq cuujad` {pco`cv`{* uvckpakd{ co` cuuvgckbd{ ckvg{{ pbd njgfcj {tuujq kbcao/


Udvgvl va{h c{{d{{ldop{ go cjj od~ pdkbogjgnad{ co` pdkbogjgnq {tuujadv{* co` vdstavd

pbav`,ucvpq dycjtcpago g {anoakcop od~ kglugodop{/

C`gup {dktvd {gp~cvd `dydjguldop ldpbg`gjgnad{ pbcp lchd ap bcv dv pg ao{dvp

lg`akcpago{/

Ydvaq co` {ano dydvqpbaon ao `d{ano/ Ao{paptpd {dktvd kg aon {pco`cv`{/

T{d kvqupgnvcubak {anoaon gv bcv`~cvd co` {gp~cvd/

Pcajgv kgopvckp vdstavdldop{/

Aokjt`d {tuujadv SC {pco`cv`{ co` aopdvgudvcfajapq {pco`cv`{ ao kgopvckp{/

Kjcvaq vdstavdldop{ gv kdvpakcpago pd{paon co` ydo`gv lcocndldop kgopvgj{/

Ao{paptpd kgopvgj{ go ~bdvd c uvg`tkp kco fd lcotckptvd`* stcjapq kgopvgj{ co` djaydvquvckpakd{ ~apb c vdstavdldop gv ogpakcpago g coq kbcond{/

T{d {pvaondop pd{p uvgpgkgj{/ Aokjt`d {dktvapq pd{paon g kglugodop{ c{ c {pco`cv`* vcpbdv pbco vco`gl* pd{paon

uvgkd`tvd{/

@dujgq udodpvcpago pd{paon pg kbdkh cppckh ydkpgv{ co` dydjgu aopdvocj cpcfc{d{ pgto`dv{pco` cppckh {tvckd{ g uvg`tkp{/

Ao{paptpd pbav`,ucvpq udodpvcpago pd{paon g AP {q{pdl{/

Kgo`tkp {dktvapq* aopdvgudvcfajapq co` tokpagocj pd{p{ fdgvd ao{pcjjcpago/

Ao{paptpd gongaon pd{paon* ogp mt{p aoapacj pd{paon* ~apb c gkt{ go udodpvcpago pd{paon/




Pdjydop= [dktvd [gp~cvd @dydjguldop

Pdjydop t{d{ Cnajd {gp~cvd `dydjguldop* c ldpbg`gjgnq

fc{d` go apdvcpayd co` aokvdldopcj `dydjguldop co`kgjjcfgvcpago fdp~ddo kvg{{,tokpagocj pdcl{/ Pbd Cnajd

cuuvgckb gdv{ kgludpapayd c`ycopcnd{ ao pdvl{ g c`cupayd

ujcooaon co` idrafjd vd{ugo{d pg kbcond* ftp ap bc{ {gld

ftajp,ao {dktvapq {cdntcv`{ c{ ~djj/

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pbd {tvckd* coq cppdlup pg ftaj` à{vtupayd gv lcjakagt{

tokpagocjapq "lcj~cvd! aopg pbd kg`d ~gtj` vdstavd cp jdc{p

p~g udgujd ~gvhaon ao pco`dl/ Ao ckp* dydo pbd kgàon ucav{

kgtj` ogp {tkkdd` ao `djaydvaon kg`d ~apb dlfd``d` lcj~cvd/

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pbcp pchd{ jgondv pbco p~g co` c bcj ~ddh{ "c {uvaop!* ~bakb

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dckb gpbdv{ kg`d/ Itokpagocjapq a{ pd{pd` cp pbd do` g dckb

{uvaop cncao{p ydppd` vdstavdldop{ fq c Stcjapq C{{tvcokd

"SC! {udkacja{p c{{anod` pg pbd pdcl/ Pg aopvg`tkd lcj~cvd

aopg co cuujakcpago ao co Cnajd {q{pdl ~gtj` jahdjq vdstavd pbd

kglujakapq g dydvqgod go pbd {tfpdcl* cuuvgralcpdjq gtv pg

danbp ldlfdv{/

C {dkgo` jdydj g {dktvapq a{ cppcaod` `tvaon pbd pd{paon

uvgkd{{/ Dydvq {gp~cvd `dydjguldop gvncoa}cpago `gd{

pd{paon/ Cp Pdjydop* bg~dydv* pba{ a{ ogp c {ducvcpd ckpayapq

cpdv pbd uvg`tkp `dydjguldop a{ kglujdpd/ Pd{paon a{ ftajpaopg pbd `dydjguldop uvgkd{{ vgl vdstavdldop{ ycja`cpago

pg toap pd{paon gv dckb {uvaop pg uvg`tkpago pd{paon gv dckb

{gp~cvd vdjdc{d/ Gokd `tvaon dckb vdjdc{d kqkjd* dckb

uvgmdkp pdcl pchd{ c god,`cq fvdch ao pbd kgàon kqkjd pg

{pvd{{ pd{p/ Pba{ drdvka{d* kcjjd` [^CP "[gp~cvd âpb C jgp

g Pd{pdv{!* pchd{ ujckd cp c hog~o `cpd uvagv pg vdjdc{d co`

a{ co cjj,bco`{,go,`dkh drdvka{d ao ~bakb cjj uvgnvclldv{

{pgu kgàon co` {pcvp pd{paon* jgghaon ogp gojq gv stcjapq ftn{

ftp {dktvapq a{{td{= bgjd{* ujckd{ ao pbd kg`d ~apb c {aonjd

{ano,go* bcv`,kg`d` ucpb{* jdnckq uvgpgkgj{* coqpbaon pbcp

kvdcpd{ gv aokvdc{d{ pbd pbvdcp {tvckd/ Pbd vd~cv`{ cvd

ndcvd` pg~cv` oàon co` jdcvoaon vgl la{pchd{* co` pbdvd

cvd uva}d{ gv pbg{d ~bg o` pbd lg{p ftn{ co` pbd lg{p{anoakcop {dktvapq pbvdcp{/

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ctpglcpd` pd{paon {kvaup{ gv banbjq kglujdr {kdocvag

pd{paon* c{ ~djj c{ gv vdnvd{{ago pd{paon/ Ctpglcpd` pd{paon

a{ ucvpaktjcvjq ycjtcfjd ~bdo t{d` pg dycjtcpd pbd aluckp

g od~jq vdjdc{d` kg`d go jdnckq cuujakcpago{/ Lckbaod,

fc{d` pd{paon kco {altjcpd ltjpa,t{dv kgoàpago{ co`

banbjq vdudpapayd pc{h{/ ^bajd ogp {udkakcjjq cfjd pg {oa gv

lcj~cvd* ctpglcpd` pd{p {kvaup{ kco à{kgydv tokpagocj

coglcjad{ fc{d` go vdudpapayd t{d kgoàpago{ pbcp kco fd

fc{d pvanndv{ gv lcj~cvd* {tkb c{ Pvgmco bgv{d{ gv gpbdv

hao`{ g à{vtupayd tokpago{/

Pdjydop= [dktvd Aopdvgudvcfajap

[lcvp nva` pdkbogjgnq ap{dj a{ gpdo {ddo c{ c ugpdopacj

{dktvapq uvgfjdl fdkct{d ap gudo{ tpajapq nva`{ pg lcoq

ugpdopacj udodpvcpago ugaop{* aokjtàon pbd Aopdvodp/ C

{lcvpdv nva` ~ajj vdstavd aopdnvcpago clgon {q{pdl{ pbcp

bcyd pvcàpagocjjq fddo a{gjcpd`* tvpbdv drpdoàon pbd

pbvdcp {tvckd/ Ftp cuujakcpago g {pco`cvà}cpago co`

aopdvgudvcfajapq uvaokaujd{ kgtj` aokvdc{d pbd {dktvapq g pbd

{lcvp nva`/ [pco`cv` cvkbapdkptvcj ucppdvo{ co` {pco`cv`

aopdnvcpago pdkboastd{ lchd ap ug{{afjd pg kvdcpd nvdcp

dkadokad{* ftp cj{g docfjd gudvcpgv{ pg a`dopaq coglcjad{

lgvd dc{ajq/

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pbd kglucoq pg `d{ano ao* vcpbdv pbco c`` go* {dktvapq/

Fq c`gupaon c {pco`cv` vddvdokd cvkbapdkptvd* {tkb c{

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kco do{tvd pbcp pbd aopdnvcpd` doyavgoldop a{ ftajp tugo

c gto`cpago pbcp bc{ fddo `d{anod` ~apb kqfdv{dktvapq c{

c hdq vdstavdldop/ Itvpbdv* {pakhaon pg ao`t{pvq aopdnvcpago

{pco`cv`{* {tkb c{ pbd Kgllgo Aogvlcpago Lg`dj* cjjg~{

gv uvdàkpcfjd aopdnvcpago ~apb {q{pdl{ co` `dyakd{ fdqgo`

pbg{d `djaydvd` fq c {aonjd ydo`gv/ [pco`cv` aopdnvcpago

uvckpakd{ vd`tkd kt{pgla}d` kg`d* c hdq cajtvd ugaop co` c

kvapakcj guugvptoapq gv kqfdv pbvdcp/ Iaocjjq* {gja` cvkbapdkptvd

cjjg~{ gv pbd {pvcanbpgv~cv` dlfd`àon g aopvt{ago co`

lcj~cvd `dpdkpago co` pcludv,uvggon pggj{ pbcp cvd ftajp pg

uvgya`d aopdvocj {dktvapq/

Pbd lg{p {dktvd {gp~cvd uvg`tkp{ lt{p dydoptcjjq jdcyd

pbd `dydjguldop {bgu co` fd alujdldopd` ao pbd vdcj ~gvj`

g nva` lg`dvoa}cpago/ Alujdldopcpago ldco{ pbcp nva`

lcocndldop {gp~cvd lt{p pgtkb co` fd pgtkbd` fq jdnckq

{q{pdl{ co` drpdvocj `dyakd{ ~apb ycvqaon jdydj{ g {dktvapq

`d{ano co` lcocndldop pggj{/ Fq c`gupaon c {pco`cv`

cvkbapdkptvd co` t{aon {pco`cv` aopdnvcpago pdkboastd{* pbd

pbvdcp {tvckd vgl pbd{d drpdvocj ckpgv{ a{ {anoakcopjq

vd`tkd`/



32/36;5 T/[/ Vd{ajadokd Uvgmdkp


^gvh{bgu Ucvpakaucop{

Mgo Cla{[tuujq Kbcao Va{h UvgnvclLcocndv* @djj

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[dktvapq Dà{go Djdkpvak Ao{paptpd

Hdo FdakbodvYakd Uvd{a`dop* [tuujq KbcaoDj{pdv [gjtpago{

C`cl Fa{bguLcocndv* AP [dktvapq*

OVN Dodvnq* Aok/

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Yakha Kgt{aogCocjq{p* Cksta{apago Va{h @avdkpgvcpd

Gkd g pbd @avdkpgv g Ocpagocj Aopdjjandokd

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Gkd g pbd @avdkpgv g Ocpagocj Aopdjjandokd

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33/36 ;~~~/t{vd{ajadokduvgmdkp/gvn

^gvh{bgu Ucvpakauco

@cya` GjaydUvaokaucjKcpcjq{p Ucvpodv{

Lahd Ubajjau{Kgvugvcpd Aogvlcpago [dktvapq @avdkpgv

KdopdvUgaop Dodvnq

[pck Uvg~djjKbad

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