supplementing fat to the cow herd
DESCRIPTION
Supplementing Fat to the Cow Herd. Bret W. Hess Beef Cattle Nutritionist. Levels of Consideration. Reproductive diseases and conditions cost. $441,000,000 to $502,000,000 /year. Animal Factors Affecting Profitability. (Bellows et al., 2002). The Beef Cow’s Annual Life Cycle. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Supplementing Fat to the Cow Herd
Bret W. Hess
Beef Cattle Nutritionist
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Levels of Consideration
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Animal Factors Affecting ProfitabilityReproductive diseases and conditions cost
$441,000,000 to $502,000,000/year
(Bellows et al., 2002)
66.7
185.4
249.4
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lost Income
$ Million
Others Dystocia Infertility
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The Beef Cow’s Annual Life Cycle
1st 85% of pregnancy
Last 15% of pregnancy
1st 30% of lactation
245 days
40 days
60 days
Time to rebreed (~20 days)
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• Postpartum Cows
• Prepartum Cows
• Neonatal/Suckling Calves
Supplemental Fat ThroughoutThe Beef Cow’s Lifecycle
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Review of the Cow’s Estrous Cycle
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Positive Responses to Supplemental Fat
Enhanced ovarian follicular growth and function
Increased growth and development of cells destine to form the corpus luteum
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7466
75
0
25
50
75
Control Fat-supplemented
Prepartumcomparison
days
Postpartum Interval
(P = 0.47) (P = 0.25)
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Detection of Estrus
81.684.5
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Control Fat Prepartum
%
129 Cows 212 Cows
(P = 0.49)
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Detection of Estrus
73.469.7
0
25
50
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%
99 Cows 143 Cows
(P = 0.53)
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First Service Conception Rates
67.064.3
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Prepartum
%140 Cows 194 Cows
(P = 0.60)
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First Service Conception Rates
58.465.1
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%146 Cows
173 Cows
(P = 0.22)
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73.770.0
0
15
30
45
60
75
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception RatesLiterature
110 Cows 114 Cows
(P = 0.54)
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76.0
62.0
0
20
40
60
80
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception Rates Burns et al. (2002)
42 Cows
42 Cows
(P = 0.12) ~56 g/day
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28.8
50.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Control Fat Postpartum
%
First Service Conception Rates UW Cows
36 Cows
59 Cows
(P = 0.04)
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BCS 6.0 0.3
BCS 4.2 0.3
CON LIN OLECON LIN OLE
UW Study Design
Lake et al. (2003)~420 g fat/day ~420 g fat/day
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8.4
27.8
9.7
0
10
20
30
Control Oleate Linoleate
g/d
Doudenal Flow of Linoleic Acid
Scholljegerdes et al. (2001)
(P < 0.001)
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COOH
CH3 Linoleic Acid
COOH
CH3Arachidonic Acid
CH3
COOH
OHOH
OH
PGF2
CH3
COOH
OOH
OH
PGFM
Desaturases and Elongases
COX
Prostaglandin dehydrogenase and 13-reductase
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371
647
452
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Control Oleate Linoleate
pg/mL
Serum PGFM in Cows
Grant et al. (2002)
(P = 0.01)
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84.284.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Postpartum
%
Overall Pregnancy Rates
219 Cows 247 Cows
(P = 0.94)
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91.886.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Prepartum
%
Overall Pregnancy Rates
197 Cows 281 Cows
(P = 0.05)
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Plasma 18:2 of Cows Fed Lipids Prepartum
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97.397.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Control Fat Prepartum
%
Overall Pregnancy RatesUW Herd
79 Cows 76 Cows
(P = 0.96)
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Calf Responses to Cow’s Diet
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Birth Weights
76.876.3
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Control Fat Prepartum
pounds
(P = 0.84)
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Newborn Calves Exposed to 0°C
39.4
39.139.0
39.2
39.4
39.6
Control Fat supplemented
Rectal temperature,
oC
(P < 0.01)
Lammoglia et al. (1999)
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1.11.2
0
0.5
1
1.5
Control Fat supplemented
vigor score
(P = 0.48)
Vigor Scores of Newborn Calves
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0.09
0.06
0
0.05
0.1
Control Fat Supplemented
absorbance
(P < 0.05)
Small et al.
Immune Response of Calves
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1.31.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Control Fat Supplemented
mg/g of dry plasma
(P < 0.05)
Small et al.
Plasma Linoleic Acid of Newborn Calves
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15 20Milk (g FA/ 24 h)
Calf (mg FA/ g tissue)
r = 0.69; P < 0.0001
Relationship Between Milk 18:2 and Calf Adipose Tissue 18:2
Lake et al. (2003)
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Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Postpartum
• Increases Ovarian Follicular Growth and Development
• Enhances Luteal Activity
• Does NOT Affect Postpartum Interval
• May Reduce First Service Conception Rates
• Does NOT Improve Reproduction
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Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum
• Does NOT Appear to Affect Postpartum Interval
• Does NOT Appear to Affect First Service Conception Rates
• May Improve Overall Pregnancy Rates
• Increases the Cow’s Linoleic Acid Status
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Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum
• Does NOT Appear to Affect Calf Birth Weight
• May Increase the Calf’s Cold Tolerance
• May Bolster the Calf’s Immune Response
• Improves the Calf’s Linoleic Acid Status
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AcknowledgmentsSponsors: USDA-NRICGP, ADM, and UWCollaborators: Dan Rule, Doug Hixon, Gary Moss,
Paul Ludden, Steve Paisley, Lee Beldon, Dennis Hallford, Rick Funston, Danny Simms, and Steve Bartle
Research Associates: Venerand Nayigihugu, Brenda Alexander, Chuck Murrieta, Lisa Balstad, and Ed Van Kirk
Graduate Students: Eric Scholljegerdes, Scott Lake, Wade Small, Becky Atkinson, Mark Grant, Bridget Johnson, Lisa Brokaw, Jeff Bottger, Jared Gould, Ben Garrett, and Rick Landeis
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THANK YOU