UNIT-21. Is done was done (passive 1)

The office is cleaned every dayThe office was cleaned yesterday

Compare active and passive

Somebody cleans the office every day (active)The office is cleaned every day (passive)

Somebody cleaned the office yesterday (active)The office was cleaned yesterday (passive)

B. The passive is:

Present simple am/is /are (not) + past participle (cleaned, done, invented, built, injured, taken, etc.)

Past simple was/were (not) + past participle

Butter is made from milk Oranges are imported into Britain How often are these rooms cleaned? I am never invited to parties This house was built 100 years ago These houses were built 100 years ago When was the telephone invented? We weren’t invited to the party last week Was anybody injured in the accident? Yes, two people were taken to hospital

C. was/were born I was born in London in 1962 Where were you born?

D. passive + by…

We were woken up by a loud noise The telephone was invented by Alexander bell in 1876 My brother was bitten by a dog last week

EXERCISES

21.1 Write sentences from the words in brackets (…)1. The office is cleaned every day2. Are these rooms cleaned every day?3. Glass is made from sand4. Stamps are sold in a post office5. This rooms isn’t used very often6. Are we allowed to park here?7. How is this word pronounced?

Sentences 8-15 are past8. The office was cleaned yesterday9. The house was painted last month10. Three people were injured in the accident11. My bicycle was stolen a few days ago12. When was this bridge built?13. Were you invited to the party last week?14. How were these windows broken?15. I wasn’t woken up by the noise

21.2 correct these sentences

1. This house was built 100 years ago2. Football is played in most counties of the world3. Why was the letter sent to the wrong addres?4. A garage is a place where cars are repaired5. Where were you born?6. How many languages are spoken in Switzerland? 7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing was stolen8. When was the bicycle invented?

21.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs1. The room is cleaned every day2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital3. Paper is made from wood4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms were damaged5. Where did you get this picture? It was given to me by a friend of mine6. Many American programmes are shown on British television.7. Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding? No, they were invited but they didn’t go8. How old is this film? It was made in 19659. My car was stolen last week but the next day it was found by the police

UNIT 22. Is being done has been done(Passive 2)

A. Is/are being … (present continuous passive)Somebody is painting the door. (active)The door is being painted (passive)

My car is at the garage. It is being repaired (= somebody is repairing it) Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)

Compare the present continuous and present simple The office is being cleaned at the moment (continuous)

The office is cleaned every day (simple)

In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, butNo matches are being played next Saturday.

B. Has/ have been …. (present perfect passive)

Somebody has painted the door (active)The door has been painted (passive)

My key has been stolen (= somebody has stolen it) My keys have been stolen (= somebody have stolen them) I’m not going to the party. I haven’t been invited (= nobody has invited me) Has this shirt been washed? (= Has somebody washed it?)

Compare the present perfect and past simple:The room is clean now. It has been cleaned (present perrfect)The room was cleaned yesterday (past simple)

I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve been stolen (present perfect)My keys were stolen last week (past simple)

22.1 What’s happening?1. the car is being repaired2. A bridge is being built3. The windows are being cleaned4. the grass is being cut

22.2 look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/ are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been …)

1. The office is being cleaned2. The shirts have been ironed3. The window has been broken4. The roof is being repaired5. The car has been damaged6. The houses are being knocked down7. The trees have been cut down8. They have been invited to a party

22.3 use the words in brackets (…) to complete the sentences1. I can’t use my office at the moment. It is being painted 2. We didn’t go to the party. We weren’t invited 3. the washing machine was broken but it’s Ok now. It has been repaired4. the washing machine was repaired yesterday afternoon5. A factory is a place where things are made6. How old are these houses? When were they built?7. A: Is the computer being used at the moment?B: yes, Jim is using it8.- I’ve never seen these flowers before. What are they called?9. some trees were blown in the storm last night10. the bridge is closed at the moment. It was damaged last weekAnd it hasn’t been repaired yet

Supplementary exercises

53. Write the quiz questions. Use the past simple passive

QUIZ MASTER: welcome to our General Knowledge Quiz. We’ve got some interesting questions For you tonight, Marianne, so are you ready?

MARIANNE: ReadyQUIZ MASTER:Ok, number 1: when was the toothbrush invited? Was it the 15 or the 17 century?MARIANNE: the 15th century, I think-in china

QUIZ MASTER: That’ right. Number 2. Where(2) were compact discs developed?MARIANNE: In japan.

QUIZ MASTER: Japan and the Netherlands together, actually. And number 3: (3)where was dynamite invented in Canada, Sweden or Greece?MARIANNE: In Sweden by Alfred Novel.QUIZ MASTER: Ok, number 4: In wich century(4) were glasses first made?MARIANNE: I’m not sure. The 15 century?QUIZ MASTER: No, I’m sorry. It was in the 13th century by two Italians. And for your fifth question: when (5) were contact lenses first produced?MARIANNE: 1956QUIZ MASTER: correct. And your last question:Where (6) was the first petrol car built?MARIANNE: In Germany by Mr. Daimler and Mr. Benz.QUIZ MASTER: that’s right. Congratulations, Marianne.You did very well

MARIANNE:

54. look at the picture of Hartson’s jam factory. A visitor is being shown around the Factory by Mr. Jones, the manager. Complete the passive (present simple or continuous).

The machines (1)are switched on at 7.30 a.m every day and (2)are turned off at 5.30 p.mThe factory(3) is locked at 6.30 p.m. by our security guards and all the staff(4) are checkedBefore they go home. We don’t want our jam to disappear! Now as you can see, strawberryJam(5) is made here today. And over there the jars of jam(6) is being putted into boxes by ourTeam. Hartson’s jam(7) isn’t exported because this country buys everything(8)

Present tenses (I am doing / Ido) for the future

This is Ben’s diary for next week

He is playing tennis on Monday afternoonHe is going to the dentist Tuesday morningHe is having dinner with kate on Friday

In all these examples, Ben has already decidedAnd arranged do these things.

I’m doing something (tomorrow) = I have already decided and arranged to do it A: What are you doing on Saturday evening? B: I’m going to the theatre A: What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow? B: Half past ten. I’m meeting her at the station I’m not working tomorrow , so we can go out somewhere Ian isn’ playing football next Saturday. He’s hurt his leg

I’m going to (do) is also possible in these sentences

What are you going to do on Saturday evening? Alex is getting married next month.

You can also use the present continuous for an action just before you being to do it.This happens especially with verbs of movement (go/come/leave, etc):I’m tired. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight.Tina, are you ready yet ? yes, I’m coming

C. Present simple (I do) with a future meaningWe use the present simple when we talk about timetables, programmes, etc(for public transport, cinemas etc):

My train leaves at 11.30 so I need to be at the station by 11.15What time does the film begin this evening?It’s Wednesday tomorrow. Tomorrow is Wednesday.

You can use the present simple to talk about people if theirs plans are fixed likeA timetable:

I start my new job on Monday

What time do you finish work tomorrow?

Compare:

Present continuous Present simpleWhat time are you arriving? What time does the train arrive?I’m going to the cinema this evening the film begin at 8.15 (this evening)

EXERCISES19.1 A fiend of yours is planning to go on holiday soon. You ask her aboutHer plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions.

1. Where are you going? Scotland2. How long are you going for? Ten days3. When are you leaving? Next Friday4. Are you going alone? No, with a friend5. Are you travelling by car? No, by train6. Where are you staying? In a hotel

19.2 Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your diary for theNext few days and explain to him why you can’t come.

T: Can you come on Monday evening?Y: Sorry, but I’m playing volleyballT: what about Tuesday evening then?Y: No, not Tuesday. I’m working lateT: and Wednesday evening?Y: No, not Wednesday. I’m going to the theatreT: well, are you free on Thursday?Y: I’m afraid not. I’m meeting with Julia

19.3 have you arranged to do anything at these times?

19.4 put the verb into the more suitable form. Present continuous or present simple1. I’m going to the cinema this evening

2. Does the film begin at 3.30 or 4.30?3. We are having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?4. The art exhibition finishes on 3 May.5. I’m not going out this evening. I am staying at home6. Are you doing anything tomorrow morning? No, I’m free. Why?7. We are going to a concert tonight. It starts at 7.308. I am leaving now. I’ve come to say goodbye9. A: have you seen Liz recently? B: No, but we are meeting for lunch next week10.- you are on the train to London and you ask another passenger:Excuse me. What time does this train get to London?11. You are talking to HelenHelen, I’m going to the supermarket. Are you coming with me?12. You and a friend are watching television. You say:I’m bored with this programme. What time does it end?13. I’m not using the car this evening, so you can have it.14. Sue is coming to see us tomorrow. She is travelling by train and her train arrives at 10.15

UNIT 20. (I’m) going to (do)

A:I am going to do something = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it;A: are you going to watch the late film on TV tonight?B: No, I’m going to have an early night

A: I hear Sarah has won some money. What is she going to do with it?B: she´s going to buy a new car

I’m just going to make a quick phone call. Can you wait for me? This cheese looks horrible. I’m not going to eat it

B:We use I am doing (present continuous) when we say that we have arranged to doFor example, arranged to meet somebody, arranged to go somewhere:

What time are you meeting Ann this evening? I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket

I am going to do something=I’ve decided to do it (but perhaps not arranged to do it): Your shoes are dirty. Yes, I know. I am going to clean them (=I’ve decided to clean)

But, I haven’t arranged to clean them. I’ve decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I’m going to look for somewhere

Else stay

Often the difference is very small and either form is possible

C.You can also say that “something is going to happen” in the future. For example:

The man can’t see the wall front of himHe is going to walk into the wall.

When we say that ‘something is going to happen’, the situation now makes this clear.The man is walking towards the wall now, so we can see that he is going to walk into it.

Some more examples:Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain. (The clouds are there now)I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)The economic situation is bad now and things are going to get worse.

D.I was going to (do something)= I intended to do it, but I didn’t do itWe were going to do travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.Peter was going to do exam, but he changed his mindI was just going to cross the road when somebody shouted ‘stop’You can say that ‘something was going to happen’ (but didn’t happen):I thought it was going to rain. But it didn’t

EXERCISES20.1 Write a question with going to for each situation1. your friend has won some money. You ask:What are you going to do with it?2. Your friend is going to a party tonight. You ask:What are you going to do wear?3. your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:Where are you going to putting it?4. your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:Who are you going to invite?

20.2 read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to1. You have decided to tidy your room this morning.F: are you going out this morning?Y: No, I’m going to tidy my room

2. You bought a sweater, but it doesn’t fit you very well. You have decided to take it back.F: That sweater is too big for youY: I know. I’m going to take it back

3. You have been offered a job, but you have decided not to accept it.F: I hear you’ve been offered a job.Y: that’s right, but I’m not going to accept it.

4. You have to phone Sarah. It’s morning now, and you have decided to phone

Her tonight.F: Have you phoned Sarah yet?Y:No, I’m going to phone her tonight

5. You are in a restaurant. The food is awful and you have decided to complain.F: This food is awful, isn’t it?Y: Yes, it’s disgusting

20.3 What is going to happen in these situations? Uses the word in brackets1. There are a lot of black clouds in the skyIt’s going to rain.

2. It is 8.30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45, but the journeyTakes 30 minutes.He is going to late.

3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the holeThe boat is going to sink

4. Lucy and Chris are driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol Station is a long way away.They are going to run out petrol.

20.4 complete the sentences with was/were going to

UNIT 21. WILL/SHALL 1

AWe use I’ll (= I will) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking:Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it

What would you like to drink? I’ll have an orange juice, please. Did you phone lucy? Oh no, I forgot. I’ll phone her now

You can not use the present simple (I do / I go etc.) in these sentences: I’ll go and shut the door. (not I ‘do and shut)

We often use I think I’ll … and I don’t think I’ll I feel a bit hungry. I think I’ll have something to eat. I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m too tired

In spoken English the negative of will is usually won’t (= will not): I can see you’re busy, so I won’t stay long

B.Do not use will to talk about what you have already decided or arranged to doI’m going on holyday next Saturday. (not I’ll go)Are you working tomorrow? (not Will you work)

C.We often use will in these situations:

Offering to do somethingThat bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. (not I help)

Agreeing to do somethingA: Can you give Tim this book?B: Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this afternoon

Promising to do somethingThanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday.I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise

Asking somebody to do something (Will you …?) Will you please turn the stereo down? I’m trying to concentrate

You can use won’t to say that somebody refuses to do something:I’ve tried to give her advice, but she won’t listenThe car won’t start. (= the car “refuses” to start)

D.Shall I …? Shall we… ?

Shall is used mostly in the questions Shall I …? / Shall we …?We use shall I …? / Shall we …? To ask somebody’s opinion (especially in offers or suggestions):

Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)I’ve got no money. What shall I do? (= What do you suggest?)Shall we go? Just a minute. I’m not ready yetWhere shall we go this evening?

Compare Shall I…? and Will you …?Shall I shut the door? (= do you want me to shut it?)Will you shut the door? (= I want you to shut it)

EXERCISES21.1 Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb

1. I’m too tired to walk home I’ll take a taxi2. It’s cold in this room. Is it? I’ll turn on the heating then.3. A: We haven’t got any milk B: Oh, I forgot to buy some. I’ll go and get some now4. Shall I do the washing up? No, it’s all right. I’ll do it later5. I don’t know how to use this computer. Ok, I’ll teach you6. Would you like tea or coffee? I’ll have coffee, please7. Goodbye! Have a nice holiday. Thanks. I’ll send you a postcard8. Thanks for letting me borrow your camera. I’ll give it back to you on Monday, ok?9. Are you coming with us? No, I think I’ll stay here

21.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think I’ll …. or I don’t think I’ll …

1. It’s a bit cold. The window is open and you decided to close it. You say:I think I’ll close the window.

2. You are feeling tired and it’s getting late. You decided to go to bed. You say:I think I’ll go to bed.

3. A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car, but you decide to walk. You say:Thank you, but I think I’ll walk.

4. You arranged to play tennis today, now you decide that you don’t want to play. You say:I don’t think I’ll play tennis

5. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go. You say:I don’t think I’ll go swimming

21.3 Which is correct? 1. Did you phone lucy? Oh no, I forgot I’ll phone her now. 2. I can’t meet you tomorrow. I’m playing tomorrow.3. I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour. Ok? Yes, that’s fine4. I need some money. Ok, I’ll lend you some. How much do you need?5. I’m having a party next Saturday. I hope you can come6. Remember to get a newspaper when you go out. Ok. I won’t forget7. what time does your train leave tomorrow?8. I asked Sue what happened, but she won’t tell me9. Are you doing anything tomorrow evening? No, I’m free. Why?10. I don’t want to go out alone. Will you come with me?

21.4 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with Shall I…? or Shall we …?1. You and a friend want to do something this evening, but you don’t know what.You ask your friend. What Shall we do this evening?

2. You try on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. You ask a friendFor advice.What Shall I buy it?

3. It’s Helen’s birthday next week. You want to give her a present, but you don’t know what.You ask a friend for advice.What Shall I give Helen for her birthday?

4. You and a friend are going on holiday together, but you haven’t decided where.You ask him/her. Where Shall we go on holiday?

5.- You and a friend are going out. You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to walk. You askShall we go by car or Shall we go to walk?

6.- Your friend wants you to phone later. You don’t know what time to phone. You ask him/herWhat time Shall I phone me?

UNIT 21 IS DONE WAS DONE (PASSIVE 1)

A:The office is cleaned every dayThe office was cleaned yesterday

Compare active and passive:

Somebody cleans the office every day (active)The office is cleaned every day (passive)

Somebody cleaned the office yesterday (active)The office was cleaned yesterday (passive)

B: The passive is:

Present simple am/is/are (not) + cleaned, done, inveted, injured, taken, built, done (Past partic.)Past simple was/were (not) + cleaned, done, inveted, injured, taken, built, done (past participle)

Butter is made from milk Oranges are imported into Britain. How often are these rooms cleaned? I am never invited to parties

This house was built 100 years ago These houses were built 100 years ago When was the telephone invited? We weren’t invited to the party last week Was anybody injured in the accident? Yes two people were taken to hospital

C. Was/were born I was born in London in 1962 Where were you born?

D. Passive + by … We were woken up by a loud noise (= the noise woke us up) The telephone was invited by Alexander bell in 1876 My brother was bitten by a dog last week

EXERCISES

21.1 Write sentences from the words in brackets (…)1. The office is cleaned every day2. Are these rooms cleaned every day?3. Glass is made from sand4. Stamps are sold in a post office5. This room isn’t used every often6. Are we allowed to park here?7. How is this word pronounced?

8.- The office was cleaned yesterday9. The house was painted last month10. Three people were injured in the accident11. My bicycle was stolen a few days ago12. When was this bridge built?13. Were you invited to the party last week?14. How were these windows broken?15. I wasn’t woken up by the noise

21.2 Correct these sentences.1. This house was built 100 years ago2. Football is played in most countries of the world.3. Why was the letter sent to the wrong address?4. Where were you born?6. How many are languages spoke in Switzerland?7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing was stolen8.When was the bicycle invited?

21.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:1. The room is cleaned every day.2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital3. Paper is made from wood.4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms were damaged5. Where did you get this picture? It was given to me by a friend of mine6. Many American programmes are shown on British television7. Did Jim and sue go to the wedding? No, they were invited but didn’t go8. How old is this film? It was made in 19659. My car was stolen last week but the next day it was found by the police

UNIT 22. Is being done has been done

A.Is/are being … (present continuous passive)

Somebody is painting the door (active) The door is being painted (passive)

My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it) Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)

Compare the present continuous and present simple: The office is being cleaned at the moment (continuous)

The office is cleaned every day. (Simple)

In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, but No matches are being played next Saturday

B.Has/have been … (present perfect passive)

Somebody has painted the door (active)The door has been painted (passive)

My key has been stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)My keys have been stolen. (=somebody has stolen them)I’m not going to the party, I haven’t been invited. (=nobody has invited me)Has this shirt been washed?. (Has somebody washed it?)

Compare the present perfect and past simple:The room is clean now. It has been cleaned (present perfect)The room was cleaned yesterday (past simple)I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve been stolen (present perfect)My keys were stolen last week. (past simple)

EXERCISES22.1 What’s happening?

1. The car is being repaired2. A bridge is being built3. The windows are being cleaned4. The grass is being cut

22.2 Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/are being…) or the present perfect (has/have been …)

1. The office is being cleaned2. The shirts have been ironed3. The window has been broken4. The roof is being repaired5. The car has been damaged6. The houses are being knocked down7. The trees have been cut down8. They have been invited to a party

22.3 to complete the sentences1. I can’t use my office at the moment. It is being painted.2. We didn’t go to the party. We weren’t invited.3. The washing machine was broken but it’s Ok now. It has been repaired.4. The washing machine was repaired yesterday afternoon.5. A factory is a place where things are made6. How old are these houses? When were they built?7. A: Is the computer being used at the moment?

B: yes, Jim is using it.8. I’ve never seen these flowers before. What are they called?9. Some trees were blown down in the storm last night.10. The bridge is closed at the moment. It was damaged last week

And it hasn’t been repaired yet.

EXERCISES-SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISESUNIT 21-2253. Write the quiz questions. Use the past simple passive

QUIZ MASTER: Welcome to our General Knowledge Quiz. We’ve got some interesting questions for you tonight, Marianne, so are you ready?MARIANNE: Ready

QUIZ MASTER: OK, number 1: When was the toothbrush invited? Was it the 15th or the 17th century? MARIANNE: the 15th century, I think-in China

QUIZ MASTER: That’s right. Number 2: Where were compact discs developed? MARIANNE: In japan

QUIZ MASTER: Japan and The Netherlands together, actually. And number 3: Where were dynamite invented in Canada, Sweden or Greece? MARIANNE: In Sweden by Alfred Nobel. QUIZ MASTER: Ok, Number 4: In which century were glasses first made? MARIANNE: I’m not sure. The 15th century?

QUIZ MASTER: No, I’m sorry. It was in the 13th century by two Italians. And your fifth Question: When were contact lenses first produced? MARIANNE: 1956

QUIZ MASTER: Correct. And your last question: MARIANNE: Where was the first petrol car built?

QUIZ MASTER: In Germany by Mr Daimler and Mr. Benz. MARIANNE: That’s right. Congratulations, Marianne. You did very well.

54 look at the picture of Harton’s jam factory. A visitor is being shown around the factory by Mr Jones, the manager. Complete his sentences. Use the passive (present simple or continuous).

The machines (1)are switched on at 7.30 a.m. every day and (2) are turned off at 5.30 p.m. the factory(3) is locked at 6.30 p.m. by our security guards and all the staff(4) are checked before they go home.We don’t want our jam to disappear! Now as you can see, strawberry jam (5) is being made here today. And over there the jars of jam (6) are being put into boxes by our team. Hartson’s jam (7) isn’t exported because this country buys everything we produce. It’s very important to keep our factory clean and hygienic so everything (8) is washed very carefully every night. Of course nobody (9) is allowed to smoke anywhere in the factory. Now I think lunch (10) is being served in the canteen at the moment, so shall we go?

55. First, look at picture 1. Then, look the picture 2. Write what has been done and what hasn’tFour things are different and three things are the same. Use the verbs in the box.

1. The flowers have been throw away2. The letter hasn’t been finished3. The computer has been turn off4. The cups haven’t been washed5. The window has been closed6. The chair has been repaired7. The lights haven’t been turn off

56. Put the verbs in brackets () in the correct form, active or passive

Here is the local news for Friday, February 14th

Last night in Cowford many trees (1)were blown down in the storm. One tree (2)fellAcross the main road into Cowford. It(3) was taken away by the fire service duringThe night. Heavy rain also(4) caused problems on the roads. Some roads(5) wereCovered by half a metre of water. Many motorists(6) left theirs car and (7)walked home.Now over to our reporter, Carol Black. Carol, what’s happening?

Well, the situation this morning is better, and nearly back to normal. The last few cars(8) are being removed by the emergency services at the moment. And I can see the telephonedEngineers at work. The broken lines(9) are being repaired. The traffic (10) is now movingIn and out of the town along the main roads.

Thank you Carol. And now one piece of good news.Yesterday evening, a black BMW (11) was stolen from outside the house of Mr. John Simpson.Mr. Simpson (12) telephoned the police. Later that evening, the car (13) was seen in the High StreetBy Mr. Simpson’s wife, Laura. It was outside the Red lion Hotel. The keys were in the car, soShe (14) drove it home!. The police (15) are looking for a careless thief!

And finally, some football news.We(16) have just heard that Cowford Town are champions for the fourth time! A few minutes agoThe referee(17) blew the whistle at the end of the game against Grimeton. Our reporter at the match, Kevin Anderson (18) is waiting to talk to us at the stadium.

STUDIO: Kevin, (19)was it a good game?KEVIN: Yes, excellent, very fast but un fortunately a bit rough. Cowford’s start player, Tony Ancock (20)was sent off because he (21)kicked one of the Grimeton Players. And the Grimeton goalkeeper (22) was hurt when he (23)crashed into One of The goalposts. He (24) was taken off the field with leg injuries, so both teams (25)played with ten men for The Last few Minutes.

STUDIO: Is he all right?KEVIN: Well, we don’t know. He (26) is being taken to hospital at this moment. The manager (27) thinks it’s serious.

STUDIO: Oh dear, that’s a bad end to the match for Grimeton. What(28) Is happening now in the stadium?KEVIN: The Crowford players (29) are walking up the steps to receive the Champions Cup. And now Back to the studio.

Lmj hcdxsfqw23w23

Unit 28 Will/Shall

A.Sarah goes to work every day. She is always there from 8.30 until 4.30It is 11 o’clock now. Sarah is at workAt 11 o’clock yesterday, she was at workAt 11 o’clock tomorrow, she will be at work

Will + infinitive(will be / will win/ will come etc):

I/we/you/they will (‘ll) beHe/she/it will not (won’t) win, eat. come

Will I/we/you/they be? He/she/it win, eat, come?

B.We use will for the future (tomorrow/next week)

Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she’ll be in roma. Next week she’ll be in tokio

You can phone me this evening. I’ll be at home Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it We’ll probably go out this evening Will you be at home this evening? I won’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here) Don’t drink coffe before you go to bed. You won’t sleep

We often say I think … will …:

I think Diana will pass the exam. I don’t think it will rain this afternoon Do you think the exam will be difficult?

C.We do not use will for things we have arranged or decided to do

We’re going to the cinema on Saturday. (not We will go) I’m not working tomorrow. (not I won’t work) Are you going to do the exam? (not Will you do)

D.ShallYou can say I shall (= I will) and we shall (=we will)

I shall be late tomorrow or I will be late tomorrow I think we shall win or I think we will win

But do not use Shall with you/ they/ he / she/ it Tom will be late (not Tom shall be late)

EXERCISES28.1 Helen I travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences with she was, she’s or she’ll be

1. Yesterday she was in paris2. Tomorrow she’ll be in Amsterdan3. Last week she was in Barcelona4. Next week she’ll be in London5. Three days ago she was in Munich6. At the end of her trip she’ll be very tired.

28.2 where will you be? Write the sentences about yourself. Use:1. at 10 o’clock tomorrow. I’ll probably be on the beach. Or I’ll be at work. Or I don’t know where I’ll be.2. one hour from now. I’ll be at home3. at midnight tonight. I’ll probably be in bed4. at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. I’ll be at work5. two years from now. I don’t know where I’ll be

28.3 put in will (‘ll) or won’t.1. Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won’t sleep.2. Are you ready yet? Not yet. I’ll be ready in five minutes.3. I’m going to away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I won’t be at home tomorrow.4. It will be rain, so you won’t need to take an umbrella.5. A: I don’t feel very well this evening. B: well, go to bed early and you’ll be feel better in the morning.6.- It’s bill’s birthday next Monday. He’ll be 257. I’m sorry I was late this morning. It won’t happen again.

28.4 write sentences beginning I think … or I don’t think1. I think Diana will pass the exam2. I don’t think Diana will pass the exam3. I think we’ll win the game4. I don’t think I’ll be here tomorrow5. I think Sue will like her present6. I don’t think they’ll get married7. I don’t think you’ll enjoy the film

28.5 Which is right?1. We’re going to the theatre tonight. We’ve got tickets2. What are you doing tomorrow evening? Nothing. I’m free3. They’re going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40.4. I’m sure she’ll lend some money. She’s very rich5. Why are you putting on your coat? I’ll go6. Do you think Claire will phone us tonight?7. Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. He’s working8. Will you be at home tomorrow evening?

UNIT 29. Will/ShallA.

I’ll carry it for you Bye, I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?

You can use I’ll … (I will) when you offer or decide to do something: My bag is very heavy. I’ll carry it for you I’ll phone you tomorrow, Ok? OK, goodbye

We often say I think I’ll … / I don’t think I’ll … when we decide to do domething: I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed early tonight It’s a nice day. I think I’ll sit in the garden It’s raining. I don’t think I’ll go out

Do not use the present simple (I go/ I phone etc.) in sentences like these: I’ll phone you tomorrow, Ok? I think I’ll go to bed early

B. Do not use I’ll … for something you decided before I’m working tomorrow There’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m going to watch it. What are you doing at the weekend?

C.Shall I… ? shall we …?

Shall I answer the phone? No, it’s Ok. I’ll answer itShall I/We …? = Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a good idea?.It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?.Shall I phone you this evening? Yes, please. Yes, pleaseI’m going to a party tonight. What Shall I wear?

It’s a nice day. Shall we go for walk?Where shall we go for our holiday this year?Let’s go out this evening. Ok, what time shall we meet?

EXERCISES.

29.1 Complete the sentences. Use I’ll (I will)+ one of these verbs

1. My bag is very heavy. I’ll carry it for you.2. Enjoy your holiday. Thank you. I’ll send you a postcard.3. I don’t want this banana. Well, I’m hungry. I’ll be eat it.4. Do you want a chair? No, it’s Ok. I’ll sit on the floor5. Did you phone Jenny? Oh no, I forgot. I’ll do it now.6. Are you coming with me? No, I don’t think so. I’ll stay here.7. How do you use this camera? Give it to me and I’ll show you

29.2 complete the sentences. Use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll … + one of these verbs:

1. It’s cold today. I don’t think I’ll go out.2. I’m hungry. I think I’ll have something to eat.3. I feel tired. I don’t think I’ll play tennis.4. This camera is too expensive. I don’t think I’ll buy it.

29.3 Which is right?1. I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?2. I haven’t done the shopping yet. I´ll do it later3. I like sport. I watch a lot of sport on TV4. I need some exercise. I think I’ll go for walk.5. Jim is going to buy a new car. He told me last week.6. This letter is for Rose. Ok. I´ll give it to her.7. A: Are you doing anything this evening? B: Yes, I´m going out with some friends 29.4 Write the sentences with Shall I…? choose words from Box A and Box B

1. It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?2. This programme isn’t very good. Shall I turn off the television?3. I’m hungry. Shall I make some sandwiches?.4. It’s dark in this room. Shall I turn on the light?

29.5 Write sentences with Shall we …? Choose words from A and Box B.

1. Let’s go out tonight. Ok, What time Shall we meet?2. Let’s have a holiday. Ok, Where Shall we go?3. Let´s spend some money. OK. What Shall we buy?4. Let’s have a party. Ok. Who Shall we invite?

EXERCISES- BLUE BOOK.21.1 Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb

1. I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll take a taxi2. It’s cold in this room. Is it? I’ll turn on the heating then.3. A: We haven’t got any milk

B: Oh, I forgot to buy some. I’ll go and get some now.4. Shall I do the washing up? No, it’s all right. I’ll do it later.5. I don’t know how to use this computer. Ok, I’ll teach you6. Would you like tea or coffee? I’ll have coffee, please7. Goodbye! Have a nice holiday. Thanks, I’ll send you a postcard.8. Thanks for letting me borrow your camera. I’ll give it back to you on.9. Are you coming with us? No, I think I’ll stay here.

21.2 read the situation and write sentences with I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll …1. It’s a bit cold. The window is open and you decide to close it. You say:I think I’ll close the window.2. you are feeling tired and it’s getting late. You decided to go to bed. You say: