superpave in-situ stress/strain investigation (sissi)

NESMEA, October 19, 2005

NECEPTNECEPT

Mansour Solaimanian, Ph.D., P.E. Mansour Solaimanian, Ph.D., P.E. Pennsylvania Transportation InstitutePennsylvania Transportation Institute

The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University

NESMEA MeetingNESMEA MeetingBurlington, VermontBurlington, Vermont

October 19, 2005October 19, 2005

Superpave InSuperpave In--Situ Stress/Strain Investigation Situ Stress/Strain Investigation (SISSI)(SISSI)

AN OVERVIEW AND A LOOK AT RESULTS


OutlineOutline

Overview of the Project and Objectives1

Instrumentation2

Measurements & Data Collection3

Analysis of Results4

Implementation5


““SISSI” ProjectSISSI” Project

SuperpaveIn-Situ

Stress/tress/Strain train Investigationnvestigation

Sponsored by PENNDOT

Advisory PanelAdvisory Panel


Apple, RogerBhajandas, Amar Colella, Frank Cominsky, RonHoffman, Gary Liddick, Gaye Long, Michael

Mattson, Gene Rottet, TodRamirez, Tim Rosenberger, Carlos Siddiqui, Zahur Speece, Christopher

Technical Manager: Dan Dawood Contract Manager: Robert Garrett

Research TeamResearch Team


Mansour SolaimanianShelley StoffelsDennis Morian (Quality Engineering Solutions)

David AndersonResearchers and Many Students

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives


Validation/Calibration of Superpave mixture and structural design procedures and models

Calibration of AASHTO Pavement Design GuidesRegional basis

Gather long-term pavement performance data

Develop long-term performance database


Site SelectionSite Selection

Eight sites Two pavement types

Structural overlaysNew full-depth asphalt construction

Two traffic levelsUnder 30 million ESAL’sOver 30 million ESAL’s

Two climatic zonesNorth and south of I-80


Location of SitesLocation of Sites

Construction YearsConstruction Years


Year 2001Perry County, US 22/322

Year 2000Tioga County, US 15

Mercer County, I-80Warren County, US 6

Year 2002Somerset County, PA TPDelaware County, US

Year 2003Blair County, SR 1001

202


OutlineOutline


Instrumentation2



Implementation5

OnOn--Site InstrumentationSite Instrumentation


Dynamic - Pavement response to loadVertical stress - unbound layersHorizontal strain - all layersDeflection – layer interface

Environmental - PavementTemperature profileMoisture in unbound layersFrost depth

Tioga County, North Bound, Route 15


Data Collection Boxes

WIM Station


MultiMulti--Depth Deflectometer (MDD)Depth Deflectometer (MDD)

Strain Gage and Pressure CellStrain Gage and Pressure Cell


TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE –– FROST DEPTHFROST DEPTH


ThermocouplesThermocouples


Frost Gage (Resistivity Probe)Frost Gage (Resistivity Probe)

Moisture Content MeasurementMoisture Content Measurement



OutlineOutline


Instrumentation2



Implementation5

Measurement SummaryMeasurement Summary


Field

Measurements

Laboratory

Performance


Strain Gages

Resistivity Probe

Moisture Cells

Pressure Cells

MDDs

FWD Output

Moduli

Traffic

Instrumentation

FWD

Density

Layer Depths

Climate

Field




Manual

Video logging

Transverse Profile

Distress

Longitudinal Profile

Performance

Environmental Data CollectionEnvironmental Data Collection


Dynamic Data CollectionDynamic Data Collection


Truck for Pavement LoadingTruck for Pavement Loading


Data CollectionData Collection


Wander MeasurementWander Measurement


Falling Weight DeflectometerFalling Weight Deflectometer


Transverse ProfileTransverse Profile


Simple, low costEasily transportableMeasurements each time dynamic test conducted

Distress SurveyDistress Survey


Laboratory InvestigationLaboratory Investigation


Performed at Different Temperatures:

Pavement Temperature, CPavement Temperature, C-- 2020 2020 6060 135135

Laboratory InvestigationLaboratory Investigation


Dynamic Modulus Test

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15

TIME, SEC

LOA

D

AXI

AL

STR

AIN

TIME LAG, TI

σO εO

PERIOD, TP


OutlineOutline


Instrumentation2



Implementation5

Distress AnalysisDistress Analysis



County:Delaware Highway:SR202 Location:1

-12

-9

-6

-3

0

3

6

9

12

1/13/04 1/14/04 1/15/04 1/16/04 1/17/04 1/18/04 1/19/04 1/20/04 1/21/04Date

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

44 mm 116 mm 360 mm 604 mm848 mm 1092 mm 1336 mm 1580 mm

Temperature Variation Temperature Variation –– Freeze CyclesFreeze Cycles


Temperature Variation Temperature Variation –– Freeze CyclesFreeze CyclesCounty: Warren Highway: SR 6 Location: 2

-16

-13

-10

-7

-4

-1

2

5

1/10/04 1/11/04 1/12/04 1/13/04 1/14/04 1/15/04 1/16/04 1/17/04 1/18/04Date

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

36 mm 337 mm 581 mm 825 mm1069 mm 1313 mm 1557 mm


County:Perry Highway:SR 322 Location:2

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Milli Volts

Dep

th (m

m)

Pavement Freezing DepthPavement Freezing Depth

Pavement Response to LoadPavement Response to Load


Time

Pave

men

t Res

pons

e (H

oriz

onta

l Str

ain)


Average Tensile Strains

0

10

20

30

40

Top ofBinder #1

Top ofBinder #2

Top ofBCBC #1

Top ofBCBC #2

Top ofBCBC #3

Top ofBCBC #4

Top ofLeveling

#1

Top ofLeveling

#2

Top ofLeveling

#3Gage

µstr

ain

Pavement Response to Load Pavement Response to Load –– Position EffectPosition Effect

Horizontal Strain


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Top Subgrade #1Top Subgrade #2Top 2A Stone #2

Collection Event

Ver

tical

Pre

ssur

e, K

Pa Rear Load ConfigurationFront Load Configuration


Horizontal Strain


0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

A B C

Collection Event

Def

lect

ion

(mm Top

of B

CB

C

Top

of S

ubba

se

Top

of S

ubgr

ade

Vertical Deflection (MDD)



Tensile Strain at the Top of Binder(Front Load Configuration)

0102030405060

20 20 40 40 60 60 avg.

Attemped Vehicle Speed (mph)

Tens

ile S

trai

n (u

e)

February 02September 02

Pavement Response to Load Pavement Response to Load –– Seasonal EffectSeasonal Effect

Laboratory Testing Laboratory Testing -- BinderBinder


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1.00 10.00 100.00

Frequency, rad/sec

│G

*│, k

Pa

22°C

25°C

28°C

Laboratory Testing Laboratory Testing –– Master CurveMaster Curve


100

1000

10000

100000

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00Log fR, rad/sec

Log |

G* |

·sinδ

,

B0272 (PG 64-22)

B1255 (PG 64-22)

B2302 (PG 64-22)

B2167 (PG 76-22)

B1261A (PG 76-22)

B0251 (PG 76-22)

Laboratory Testing Laboratory Testing -- BindersBinders


1.64

1.64

0.40

2.53

1.64

2.20

2.20

1.31

1.72

1.53

1.80

1.73

2.17

2.17

1.62 1.65

1.64

1.64

1.65

1.65

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00B

inde

r PG

64-

22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

Wea

ring

PG 7

6-22

Bin

der P

G 7

6-22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

Wea

ring

PG 7

6-22

Bin

der P

G 7

6-22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

Wea

ring

76-2

2

Bin

der P

G 6

4-22

Wea

ring

PG 6

4-22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

Wea

ring

PG 7

6-22

Bin

der P

G 7

6-22

Wea

ring

PG 6

4-22

Bin

der P

G 6

4-22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

Wea

ring

PG 6

4-22

Bin

der P

G 6

4-22

BC

BC

PG

64-

22

SISSI Site Asphalt Binders

G*/s

in,

kPa

·s

Min. G*/sin = 1.0 kPa·s


Laboratory Testing Laboratory Testing –– Mix ModulusMix Modulus

SpecimenM327311

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Frequency (Hz)

4 C10 C25 C40 C

Mod

ulus

, MPa


OutlineOutline


Instrumentation2



Implementation5

Layer Thicknesses for One of SISSI Sites


Measured Thicknesses

2.6 ”

5.7 ”

4.3”

12.5-mm HMA Wearing Course

19-mm HMA Binder Course

37.5-mm HMA Base Course

Leveling Course

1.6 ”

Rubblized Concrete 8.0”


AASHTO Design Guide AASHTO Design Guide –– Predicted DistressPredicted Distress


Thank You!Thank You!

superpave in-situ stress/strain investigation (sissi)

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