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Eugene Peck, Viridian Alliance, Inc. and Eric A. Stern, Environmental Adaptive Strategies, LLC

Sediment is Fundamental to our Physical, Biological and Social Infrastructure

The Superfund Perfect Storm Beneficial Use Becomes Driver for Sustainable Remediation

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, 2014. Superfund Proposed Plan, Lower Eight Miles of the Lower Passaic River Part of the Diamond

Alkali Superfund Site, Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey, April 2014. 44p.

2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, 2012. Superfund Proposed Plan, Gowanus Canal Superfund Site, Kings County, New York. December

2012. 34p.

3. New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program, 2008. Regional Sediment Management Plan, 81p.

4. Sparrevik, M. and I. Linkov, 2011. Use of Life Cycle Assessments for Improved Decision Making in Contaminated Sediment Remediation: in Chapman, P.

M. (2011), Learned discourses: Timely scientific opinions. Integr Environ Assess Manag, 7:304-305.

5. Stern, E.A., Peck, E., and D. Reid-Green, 2013. A Conceptual Model for Advancing Urban Sediment Management: Allocating Limited Finances to Deliver

a Sustainable Outcome. European Union International SedNet Conference. November 6-9, 2013. Lisbon, Portugal.

6. Peck, E. and E. A. Stern, 2014. Sediment Management Really About Managing Sediment? - A 21st Century Perspective. Proceedings 4th International

Symposium on Sediment Management, Ferrara, Italy. September 17-19, 2014.

Eugene Peck

Viridian Alliance, Inc.

gene.peck@viridianalliance.com 203. 285. 7777

RSM is a framework for regional management of sediment systems

useful for:

• Overall risk management

• Integrating flood protection, navigation, and restoration

• Reducing impacts to local communities

• Climate adaptation and coastal defense

• Enhancing beneficial use

• Supporting revitalization of local economies

• Aligning social and Superfund timescales

Concurrent construction will entail considerable environmental and social effects. The full range of effects are

not normally considered by Superfund.4,5

All six NY/NJ harbor estuary sediment Superfund sites are biophysically linked and will need to share the

marine, transportation and treatment infrastructures.

Dredged Material Management

Transportation

Food Production

Fisheries

Habitat Restoration

Industry

Urban Revitalization

Recreation

Water Supply

Energy

Flood Control

Tourism

Aesthetics

On-going clean-ups in the New York (NY)/New Jersey (NJ) Harbor Estuary have a scale and complexity

that is unprecedented in Superfund history. Currently remedial planning is underway for five sites in the

Harbor Estuary that encompass all of Newark Bay, NJ and an aggregate 30 tributary river miles. Proposed

Plans (PRAPs) call for the removal of approximately 5 million cubic yards of sediments from the Passaic

River, NJ and the Gowanus Canal, NY.1,2 Upcoming PRAPs for Newtown Creek, NY, Berry’s Creek, NJ,

Newark Bay, NJ, Pierson’s Creek (Troy Chemical Corp), Newark, NJ and the remaining upper 9 miles of

the Passaic River may remove an additional 2 million to 4 million cubic yards or more, according to

estimates (see table below). A sixth, the 1.5 mile-long, was recently added to the National Priorities List.

While the Hudson River Superfund boundaries extend to the lower tip of Manhattan, clean-up is currently

restricted to the Troy, NY area.

The proposed remedies will all be similar - dredging followed by some aspect of capping, dewatering,

whether mechanical or the addition of portland cement, and hauling to an out-of-state landfill and/or

incinerator at significant cost to responsible parties and impact to local communities. However, for the first

time, the integration of innovative technologies developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is

being considered since their commercialization is now practical and cost-competitive.

The Regional Sediment Management (RSM) program for the harbor estuary was established for long-term

management of sediment, while Superfund was envisioned as an emergency response/enforcement

program. The complexities of sediment clean-up can require decades to restore Superfund sediment sites.

Concurrent clean-up of these six Superfund sites, plus the 2 million cubic yards dredged annually to

operate and maintain the Port of NY & NJ, suggest the inclusion of Superfund into the port’s Regional

Sediment Management framework3 is warranted to reduce impacts and enhance socio-economic benefits.

Connected Interests that Involve Sediment 5.6

Superfund in New York and New Jersey Harbor Estuary:

The Birth of Superfund Sediment Regional Management?

RGGI = Regional Greenhouse Gas

Initiative;

SDWA = Safe Drinking Water Act;

CWA = Clean Water Act;

MS4 = Municipal Separate Storm

Sewer Systems;

NPDES = National Pollutant

Discharge Elimination System;

NPS = Non-point Source;

NRD = Natural Resource Damages;

CAA = Clean Air Act;

CERCLA = Comprehensive

Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act

(Superfund)

USEPA/USACE = Dredged

Material Management

VAI

Portland cement replacement made from Passaic

River Superfund sediment

Current U.S. Policy Obstructions

• Management provided under competing

regulatory and non-regulatory programs (not

optimized)

• Localized, segmented remediation management

• Remediation without complete source control

• Prohibitive “all -in” costs

• Complexities in fair polluter pays allocations

• Lost revenue to Potential Responsible Parties

(PRPs), as well as to surrounding communities

Complex engineering to meet regulatory

requirements undertaken in urban environments

with degraded infrastructure

(example – Passaic River, NJ)

• Crisis management in choosing the least cost

option with a lack of vision on sustainable

measures and innovation (such as green

remediation)

Eric A. Stern

Environmental Adaptive Strategies, LLC

dconman@comcast.net 201. 247. 3281

Moving Forward

Regional Management of Sediment Systems

Integrate all components of the biophysical and social

systems into planning and decision-making, including:

Facilitative leadership / Strategy

–Regional Sediment Management (including Urban)

–Adaptive management

–Cost-sharing and incentives

Provisioning Services

• Food

• Water supply

• Energy

• Transportation

• Genetic resources

Regulating Services

• Water quality

• Climate regulation

• Coastal defense and flooding

• Disease regulation

Support Services

• Nutrient cycling

• Primary production

• Soil formation

Cultural Services

• Aesthetic

• Spiritual

• Recreation

Comparison of Social and Superfund Timescales6

–Covenant not to sue

–Advanced tools for decision making

–Inclusion of restoration in the remediation

process

–Encouraged development of closed loop

systems

–Expanded view of green remediation

–Expanded stakeholder participation

REFERENCES

CONTACTS

ABSTRACT

If we consider only sediment, we only get sediment solutions….

Doug Reid-Green, BASF Corporation