superb meeting apr 06 m w poole uk accelerator activity astec role and national programme...

SuperB Meeting Apr 06 M W Poole

UK Accelerator Activity

ASTeC Role and National Programme Perspectives

Mike PooleASTeC Director


Role of AST in CCLRC

• Core Business for CCLRC

• DL and RAL created for particle physics: NINA NIMROD

• 40+ years expertise in electron, proton and ion accelerators

• Design, build and operate Large User Facilities• latterly photon and neutron sources: SRS ISIS HELIOS

• Develop next generation solutions• DIAMOND ESS ERLP/4GLS ( ILC, NF, ……..)

• Underpinning R&D programmes

• Interdisciplinary skills plus operational scale


CCLRC AST Review - 2001

• Major skill bases remained in ISIS and SR Departments

• Particle physics accelerator expertise (almost) lost

• Accelerator Science and Technology Centre (ASTeC) created in 2001, initially 20 staff - now ~50 staff - accelerator specialists only - £7M pa programme by 2005

• Expansion stimulated by SR02 awards to CCLRC + PPARC

• Major development activities continue in ISIS Department, partly supported by ASTeC (~£1M pa)


ASTeC Strategic Objectives• Establish and consolidate UK core accelerator skills base

– leadership and advice to stakeholders

• Ensure international competitiveness – (people + programmes)

• Develop future LSF – (advice, design, prototype, construction, commission)

• Pursue underpinning technology – (inc. experiments)

• Encourage significant collaborations – (HEIs + international)

• Promote AST inside and outside CCLRC


Key Elements

• Underpinning design studies on future user facilities

• Frontier beam dynamics simulations

• New technology demonstrations

• Advanced beam test facilities

• Major networking with HEIs and overseas laboratories

• Knowledge transfer

• Recruitment/retention


ASTeC Structure• Five Groups:

– Accelerator Physics (Susan Smith) (16)

– Intense Beams (Chris Prior) (7)

– RF and Diagnostics (Peter McIntosh) (15)

– Magnetics and Radiation Sources(Jim Clarke) (7)

– Vacuum Science (Joe Herbert) (6)

• Restrict to AST specialisms - CCLRC engineering etc

• New style of funded Technology Centre within CCLRC

• Income received also from DIAMOND, SRS, 4GLS, EU…

and PPARC


Themes for 21st Century

• Energy frontier (or efficiency)

• Extreme power proton drivers

• Ultra-high brightness electron drivers

Solution (often) = New technology

eg SRF


Principal ASTeC Sponsored Programmes

• Light sources - 4GLS, FELs, ERLP

• Linear collider - ILC, CLIC

• Neutron source - generic next generation (MW), FETS

• Neutrino factory - MICE, design concepts, proton driver, FFAG

• DIAMOND design/procurement role (CDR/TDR; now greatly reduced)

• SRS support/development (hands-on role and training until 2008)

• Blue Skies (laser-plasma projects)

• Underpinning technology (eg undulators, NEG pumps, RF systems etc)

NB Sundry smaller scale projects/collaborations include KATRIN


Joint CCLRC/PPARC Programme

• Funded from SR02 allocations

• Dedicated to LC and NF (+ Accelerator Institutes)

• Responsive mode grants awarded to LC and NF Collaborations (CCLRC + 15 HEIs)

– Birmingham Cambridge Dundee Durham Lancaster Liverpool Manchester Oxford QMUL RHUL UCL– Glasgow IC Liverpool Oxford Sheffield Warwick

• Funded April 04-March 07:

– LC-ABD = £9.1M (PPARC) + £1.5M (CCLRC)

– UK-NF = £2.0M (PPARC)

NB Additional £9M on Accelerator Institutes to 2012 (<£2M this period)


PPARC Award to CCLRC (2004-2007)

• Total funds £4.7M (75% LC, 25% NF)

• Staff support £3.2M (ie ~50 sy)

• ASTeC gets £2.4M to cover its staff

• This covers both LC and NF activities

NB ASTeC adds £3M to this Joint Programme (inc MICE)


LC-ABD National Collaboration

• Linear Collider studies now organised in UK largely through LC-ABD Collaboration with HEIs (2004-2007)

• Strategic decision to concentrate on Beam Delivery System

• Major funding initiatives (~ £11M over 3 years)

• ASTeC takes lead role in Beam Dynamics and in Magnet and RF Technologies. New Beam Dump topic now initiated.

• Further major ASTeC role in Beam Diagnostics

NB Also participate in EUROTeV programme - leverage used (and extra topics)


• Configuration for 500 GeV machine • Expandability to 1 TeV

ILC Baseline Configuration (2006)


LC Beam Dynamics at ASTeC

• ILC Baseline BDS – Mainly 2 mrad crossing studies

– Final Focus optimisation design with local chromaticity correction

– Compensation of higher order aberrations

– Extraction line design

– Collimation region design and simulations

– Ground motion modelling for the linear collider

• Necessary beam dynamics codes for these studies have been implemented.

These are PPARC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations


LC Technology at ASTeC

• Polarised positron source (SCM)

• Crab RF system (SRF)

• Collimation solutions

• Diagnostics (nm + fs)

• Multi-MW beam dump (just initiated)

These are PPARC and CCLRC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations

NB ASTeC also funds support for SLAC ESA station master


Other LC-ABD Activities

• Laser wire

• Longitudinal bunch structure

• Polarisation analysis

• Laser alignment surveyor and Stabilisation

• Intra--bunch fast feedback

• Spectrometry

Led by HEIs


Muon

Storage

Ring

High current H– sourceProton

DriverTarget Capture

Co

olin

g

Muon Acceleration

‘near’ detector (1000–3000km)

‘far’ detector (5000–8000km)

‘local’ detector

Schematic Neutrino Factory


NF Accelerator Challenges

• 5-10 MW proton beam generation

• Pion target survival

• Muon capture (and cooling ?)

• Muon acceleration and storage

Conceptual studies have UK funding

Probable EU FP7 Design Study bid (2007-2010)

UK could host ?


ASTeC Neutrino Factory Studies

• PPARC funded programme with HEIs

• ASTeC conceptual studies of proton driver options (including high intensity synchrotrons) and muon accelerators

• High power target studies

• Pre-FP7 Scoping Study (joint CCLRC/PPARC initiative)

• Direct financing of MICE Phase 1 (and RF activities for Phase 2)

• International collaborations, including FFAG development

These are PPARC and CCLRC funded Work Packages - HEI collaborations


MICE ProjectMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Under construction at RAL


ASTeC Expenditure Overview 2005/6

EXPENDITURE BY PROGRAMME 05/06

EU AND REPAYMENT WORK13%

PPARC/CCLRC LC-ABD PROGRAMME

26%

PPARC/CCLRC UK-NF PROGRAMME

14%

HIGH POWER PROTON ACCELERATORS

15%

HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON

ACCELERATORS7%

UNDERPINNING RESEARCH

11%

OTHER PROFESSIONAL

ACTIVITIES14%

PPARC/CCLRC LC-ABDPROGRAMME

PPARC/CCLRC UK-NF PROGRAMME

HIGH POWER PROTONACCELERATORS

HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRONACCELERATORS

UNDERPINNING RESEARCH

OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

EU AND REPAYMENT WORK


800 MeV protons, 200 µA, 160 kW on tungsten target~2×1016 neutrons/second (mean) from spallation

ISIS Neutron Source

At RAL site

H– ion source (17 kV)

665 kV H– RFQ

70 MeV H– linac

800 MeV proton synchrotron

World record


Intense Neutron Source• ISIS is present world record holder (160kW+)

• ISIS upgrade to 1 MW studied and feasible

• CCLRC major contribution to ESS Design Studies (multi-MW)

• Front End Test Stand (FETS) develops intense LE solutions– ion source LEBT (75 keV) RFQ MEBT (3 MeV) diagnostics

(Linac ?)

• Proton driver synergy with Neutrino Factory

• Combined ISIS/ASTeC activity


Daresbury Laboratory


Daresbury SRS Concept

Storage RingBooster

Linac

Beamlines

80 keV

12 MeV 600

MeV

World’s first dedicated x-ray source

2 GeV

Synchrotron becomes a storage ring


SRS Layout

UK National Light Source operated since 1980 - to be replaced by DIAMOND

300 mA

Daily fills

Pioneering magnetic insertion devices

Closes down Dec 2008 !!!


The Nobel Prize: F1 ATPase structure

• Sir John Walker won a share of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for solving the structure of the F1 ATPase enzyme using the SRS

• Developed an important new technique; opens the way for new insights into metabolic and degenerative disease


Alternative Compact Light Source

Designed at DaresburySold by Oxford Instruments to IBM in 1990 - lithographyOperated successfully for 10 years

700 MeV


The DIAMOND Project

Transfer line

Transfer line

STORAGE RING

3 GeV 24 cells

Instrument

BOOSTER 3 GeV

LINAC100 MeV

Circumference = 560 m

5 m and 8 m straights

300 mA


Linac and Booster - Dec 2005


First beam in the booster Dec. 21st 2005

DIAMOND Commissioning Milestone


Storage Ring Installation - Dec 2005


DIAMOND SRF Cavity (Cornell ring)


DIAMOND Experimental Hall (Late 2005)


Next Generation Light Source

• Strong UK communities exploiting existing advanced storage ring and ‘table top’ laser facilities (SRS, ESRF, CLF)

• DIAMOND will serve the x-ray community from 2007 (XFEL ?)

• Low energy (< 1 keV) requires a separately optimised source

• Users have identified the need to supplement transverse brightness by compression longitudinally - fs pulses

• Many scientific applications need multiple sources– eg pump-probe

SYNERGIES: ULTRA HIGH BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON BEAMS


DIAMOND Construction (late 2005)


DIAMOND on RAL Site


Storage Ring Limitations

•Equilibrium beam dimensions set by radiation emission

•Beam lifetime limits bunch density (1011 turns)

•Demanding UHV environment

•Undulators restricted by cell structure and apertures

•Most issues worse at low energies (eg < 1 GeV)

FUNDAMENTAL 3GLS LIMITATIONS


Linac Based Light Source

•Storage ring (1011 turns) fundamental limitations ()

•Linacs can deliver very high quality electron beams

•Temporal pulse pattern flexibility

•High average flux requires Energy Recovery Linac (ERL)

•Superconducting RF technology can be exploited

•High average brightness gun is essential development


New UK Light Source

• Strong UK communities exploit existing storage ring and ‘table top’ laser facilities (SRS, ESRF, CLF)

• DIAMOND serves x-ray community from 2007

• Low energy (< 1 keV) requires separately optimised source

• Users need to supplement high transverse brightness by compression longitudinally - fs pulses

• Many scientific applications need multiple sources– eg pump-probe


ERL Prototype (ERLP) ProjectPartnership: DL (ASTeC + SRS)

RAL (CLF)

HEIs (Manchester/Liverpool/Strathclyde)

Jefferson Lab

Stanford

Rossendorf

Principal challenges:

• High brightness and intensity gun

• High current superconducting linac

• Beam transport optics (bunch compression, CSR, wakes)

• Diagnostics

and:• Lack of experience


ERLP Detailed Layout

Chirped beam compression~100 fs

FEL included


ERLP Layout in Tower Building


ERLP Progress

• Design challenges overcome - engineering solutions produced

• Construction well advanced

• Commissioning all systems late 2006

• Experimental exploitation planning - 2007 onwards


Proposed 4GLS Schematic Layout


590 MeV Linac

600 MeV

Dump (1 kW)

XUV FEL

Spent Beam

Undulator Photon Beams to

Experiments

HHG Seed Laser

160 MeV

XUV FEL Gun

BunchCompressor

3rd HarmonicCavity

IR FEL

THz Source

Photon diagnostics &

Filtering

High Average Current Branch

VUV-FEL

Spontaneous Sources

750 MeV

200 MeV

Bending magnet Source

High Current Gun 10 MeV Dump (~1MW)

750 to 950 MeV

TimingSignal

IR FEL Gun

XUV Injector Linac

50 MeVIR Booster Linac

15 to 50 MeV

Dump (50 kW)

BunchCompressor

XUV Booster Linac

Outward Arc

Insertion DeviceBeamlines

Optical Delay0 to few ns

10 MeV

Photon Beams to Experiments

IR for CombinedSource Experiments

Optical Delay

Return Arc

Distributed Bunch Compression

1000pC

80pC

Pulse Pattern in Linac

8 0 p C

Pulse Pattern in Spontaneous Branch

Pulse Pattern in XUV FEL Branch

1 kHz

80pC , 6 .25M H zPulse Pattern in IR FEL

Branch

IR

XUV FEL Branch8 0 p C

Pulse Pattern in Photon Beams

1 kHz

Pulse Pattern in Photon Beams

4GLS Multi-Source Concept


Provisional 4GLS Layout


4GLS Source - International Comparison


4GLS Project Status

• Conceptual Design Report (CDR) - April 2006

• Technical Design Report - Early 2007

• Possible bid - Late 2007

• Possible construction - 2008-2012


ERLP as an Accelerator Test Facility ?

Chirped beam compression~100 fs

FEL included


Proposed site for EMMA: e-FFAG Model

Build for £4M ?


20 to 400 keV

Operated at MURA in

1956

Bohr

Chandrasekhar

FFAGs have Ancient History


Orbit excursion ~0.9m

+ k

r

rBB

00

where k=7.5

Magnets are large, complex & expensive

Scaling and Non-scaling FFAG

Pioneered in Japan - Scaling Type

Bz(r)

r

Bz(r)

r

Non-scaling


• Electron model - baseline design done

• Selected lattice: - 10 to 20 MeV 42 cells, doublet lattice -

37cm cell length ~16m circumference - RF alternate cells 1.3GHz

• Specification of hardware started

•Possible location - Daresbury

EMMA


2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

0.50.40.30.20.10.0

x [m]

10 MeV 12 MeV 14 MeV 16 MeV 18 MeV 20 MeV

52.00

51.98

51.96

51.94

51.92

51.90

51.88

51.86

201816141210kinetic energy [MeV]

674 cells 16 turns

EMMA Simulations


Other Underpinning R&D Collaborations

• Laser based accelerator systems (with CLF and HEIs)

• Novel magnet systems (with EID and HEIs)

• Vacuum science research collaborations (inc MMU contract)

• Advanced RF technology (with HEIs)

ca £500k pa staff costs (70% ASTeC)

NB This excludes generic R&D elements of funded project programmes


The Accelerator Institutes• Formal ASTeC policy is to collaborate with both CI and JAI

• Search for synergies with broad range of ASTeC programmes

• ASTeC will fund 2 joint appointments (or equivalent) in each Institute

• ASTeC is equal partner in CI, participates fully in management and policy issues and will share building at DL in April 06 - CCLRC on CI Board.

• Many CI staff already housed with ASTeC on DL site

• Negotiations underway with JAI on joint programmes and appointments

• ASTeC is represented on JAI Executive Committee


VISION

• UK to play major role in future international PP Facilities

• Participation via skill base and ‘in kind’ delivery

• AST investment for international competitiveness

• Maintain flexibility

• Crucial CCLRC role:– core skills

– interdisciplinary integration

– mega-technology

– project management


CCLRC Investment Priorities

• Sustainable skill base

• Funding of prototypes

• Integrated SRF design/construction/testing facility

• Build and operate e-FFAG Model (on ERLP)

• Construct e and p Accelerator Test Facilities (DL + RAL)

• Ramp up R&D funding prior to Capital Facility

NB All of these involve HEI collaboration and cross-Council interests


SRF Technology Initiative ?

• Maturity and applicability of superconducting RF systems• including ILC - potential major UK industrial role ?

• Demanding superconducting RF infrastructure

• Integrated design, build and test (HP) - nowhere in Europe !

• Collaboration • ASTeC/HEIs/Industry/Faraday Partnership/NWDA

• Exploit Daresbury infrastructure

• Unsuccessful bids to PPARC etc (£10M ?)


Conclusions

• AST in UK has recovered its international status

• Investment has established strong CCLRC + HEI base

• Career attraction needs reinforcement

• Programme should be broadened

• Evolution to prototyping will be expensive!

• CCLRC/PPARC close policy cooperation is crucial

superb meeting apr 06 m w poole uk accelerator activity astec role and national programme...

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