Sun's Perspective on Sun's Perspective on Open Standards and Open Standards and Open Source in EducationOpen Source in EducationSamuel LoGlobal Education & ResearchSun Microsystems, Inc.

2

Open Source vs. Open Standards in Education• Educational institutions under

tremendous cost pressure – Do more with lessDo more with less

• Few commercial applications support learning and research

• Focus on collaborative creation of mission-critical applications> Open standards vs. open source> Leverage cross-industry middleware> Decide to buy, build, or open source

3

Open Standards Are in Sun's DNA• Commitment to open industry standards

> TCP/IP, UNIX→, POSIX, XML, SOAP, CORBA, IKE, LDAP...

• Innovate and make open specifications available> NFS, Open Windows™, Java™, Java™ EE (J2EE), Jiro™, JXTA™, SAML.. > SBus, SPARC™→ architecture...

• Utilize industry-standard interfaces> VME, PCI, SCSI, Ethernet...> Sun was an early Ethernet adopter

• Participates in and founds standards organizations> IETF, Liberty Alliance, LDAP, OASIS...> In education: Global Grid Forum,

IMS Global, SIF, OKI

4

Open Source is Also in Sun's DNASun Has its Roots in the Sun Has its Roots in the BSD UNIX Distribution, BSD UNIX Distribution, and Has Contributed to and Has Contributed to Open Source Projects Open Source Projects Since 1982 Since 1982

• Sun is the biggest contributor of open source code> Has contributed more open source code than any other organization> OpenSolaris includes Solaris™ Operating System and 1,600 patents> StarOffice™ is one of the largest open source contributions> OpenSPARC™ (Open Source distribution of the UltraSPARC™ T1 processor)> Open SSO (Authentication, Single-Domain SSO, Web and Java EE agents)> Sun Java™ System Application Server Platform Edition v9.0

Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement:Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement: www.sunsource.netwww.sunsource.net

5

Open Source is Also in Sun's DNA

Sun sponsors open source projects> Brazil, Grid Engine, Interoperability Prototype

for Liberty, JRMS, Java.net, JXTA™, NetBeans™, OpenOffice.org> In education: JA-SIG/uPortal, GELC

• Sun participates in open source projects> SAKAI, Pachyderm, Ant, Gnome, Mozilla, Apache,

OSDL, Tomcat, WEBM

• Eventually All Sun software would be Open Sourced

Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement:Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement: www.sunsource.netwww.sunsource.net

6

Sun Believes in Open Standards

• Sun's Goal: Sun's Goal: promote open standards and compete to provide the best possible implementation

• Why open standards?> More choice> Better quality> Lower prices> Flexibility> Modularity LDAP

IMAP/POP

SMTPMail Mail

Client Client Mail Mail

Server Server Mail Mail

Server Server

Directory Directory Server Server

7

Strategic vs. Tactical Decisions• Strategic Decision: Building IT with open standards• Tactical Decision: Implementation technique

> Commercial, open source, or build-your-own

Solaris™/Solaris x86 OpenSolaris, Linux HP/UX

Apache Microsoft IIS

IBM WebSphere

Sendmail Microsoft Exchange

SunSun Open SourceOpen Source OtherOther

Sun Java™ System Web ServerSun Java™ System Application Server

Tomcat, Sun App Server Platform Edition

Sun Java™ System Mail Server

Sun Java Enterprise System is Sun Java Enterprise System is a pre-tested, pre-integrated, a pre-tested, pre-integrated, platform-independent solutionplatform-independent solution

Open Source sometimes Open Source sometimes implements open standards, implements open standards, but not alwaysbut not always

Other customer Other customer choiceschoices

8

Doing More with Less• It's all about total cost of ownership

> Zero software cost is only part of the equation> Software and licensing fees are only 30

percent of a five-year cost structure (IDC, 2005)

• Lifecycle costs > Requirements, architecture, design> Development> Customization> Integration> Training, support, maintenance

Real support costs real money, requiring Real support costs real money, requiring support contracts or your own staff support contracts or your own staff

9

Consider Lifecycle Risks• Open source guarantees the ability to view the source code

> Do you need to view the schematic to change your car radio?

• It doesn't protect you from risks including:> Lack of standards conformance> Multi 'vendor' compatibility issues> Versioning that breaks

your dependency graph> Limited scalability> Inadvertent use of others'

intellectual property> 24x7 support

WebWeb Mail Mail

ProblemProblemTrackingTracking

Perl

DBMDBM SQLSQL

10

Choosing Sun's Open Standards-based Software• Sun strives to create the best implementation

of open standards> Long history of support for open standards

• And it is available at no-cost• Supports choice of competing software• Pre-integrated, pre-tested

enterprise software> Sun Java™ Enterprise System> Sun Java™ Desktop System

Who do you trust for support ?Who do you trust for support ?

11

Recommendations• Choosing open standards is the

most important decision• Standardize on middleware that

is used across many industries, minimizing integration, training, and deployment costs

• Focus on your mission-critical application

• Make buy, build, or open-source decisions

• Protect your future by making sure that it runs on open standards-based platforms

Decide on your requirements Decide on your requirements

Standardize on middleware Standardize on middleware

Focus on your mission-critical Focus on your mission-critical application: buy, build, application: buy, build, open-source decisionsopen-source decisions

Decide to leverage open standards Decide to leverage open standards

12

Don't Forget Open Content...

• Internet has enabled e-content to be shared worldwide

• Increasingly expensive books not easy to afford specially in developing countries

• Sun is sponsoring GELC (a forum for education community worldwide to share content, software and best practices).

• We are also supporting Merlot (global community for sharing eLearning objects free)

13

Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering Minds

Vision• Web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content• Open and available to the world• A permanent MIT activity

http://ocw.mit.edu

14

Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering Minds

Site Highlights> Syllabus> Course Calendar> Lecture Notes> Exams> Problem/Solution Sets> Labs and Projects> Video Lectures

1,259 courses available

http://ocw.mit.edu

15

Implementation – Intellectual property• Course materials available under a Creative commons

(http://creativecommons.org) license that:> Grants users the right to use and distribute the materials

either as-is, or in a modified form• Obiliges users to meet three use requirements:

> Use must be non-commercial> Materials must be attributed to MIT and original author or

contributor> Publication or distribution of original or derivative material

must be offered freely under identical terms "share alike"

16

Implementation – External outreach strategies• Foster use of MIT OCW materials through awareness-

building> UNESCO> United Nations University> World Bank

• Expand access to MIT OCW materials> Universia (Spanish and Portuguese)> CORE (Simplified Chinese)> Chulalongkorn University (Thai)> VOICE (Vietnamese)

17

Implementation – Mirror sites

8

TOTALIN PROGRESSLIVE

8476TOTAL

4—4South Asia

321Middle East

1—1Latin America

1—1Eastern Europe and Central Asia

16214East Asia

59455Africa

8

TOTALIN PROGRESSLIVE

8476TOTAL

4—4South Asia

321Middle East

1—1Latin America

1—1Eastern Europe and Central Asia

16214East Asia

59455Africa

› Zambia› Vietnam› Ukraine

Current Mirror Site Locations

› Uganda› Pakistan› Kenya› Gambia› Tanzania› Nigeria› Iraq› Ethiopia› Taiwan› Niger› Indonesia› China› Sudan› Mozambique› Guinea› Brazil› Sri Lanka› Mauritius› Ghana› Bangladesh

› Zambia› Vietnam› Ukraine

Current Mirror Site Locations

› Uganda› Pakistan› Kenya› Gambia› Tanzania› Nigeria› Iraq› Ethiopia› Taiwan› Niger› Indonesia› China› Sudan› Mozambique› Guinea› Brazil› Sri Lanka› Mauritius› Ghana› Bangladesh

18

OCW Movement – Other opencoursewares Emerging "opencoursewares"

Spain•U. Politécnica de Madrid•U. Santiago de Compostela•U. Barcelona•U. Islas Baleares•U. Rovira i Virgili•U. Jaume I•U. Murcia•U. Alicante•U. Politécnica de Valencia•U. Autónoma de Madrid•U. Complutense de Madrid•U. Sevilla

Portugal•U. Aveiro

Vietnam•FETP OpenCourseWare

India•Rai University•Somaiya Vidyavihar

France•Telecom Paris•Ecole Polytechnique•Techniques Avancees•Ponts et Chaussees•Ecole des Mines de Paris•Chimie Paris•Physique-Chimie•Agronomie•Statistiques et Economie•Eaux et Forets•Arts et Metiers

Japan•Keio University•Kyoto University•Osaka University•Tokyo Institute of Technology

•University of Tokyo•Waseda University

United States•Harvard Law School Berkman Center

• Johns HopkinsSchool of Public Health

•Tufts University•University of Michigan School of Information

•University of Notre Dame•Utah State University

China (CORE)•Peking University•Tsinghua University•Beijing Jiaotong University•Dalian Univ. of Technology•Central South University•Xi'an Jiaotong University•Central Radio & TV Univ.•Sichuan University•Zhejiang University•Beijing Normal University•Plus 146 more

19

ContentContent

StandardsStandards

SoftwareSoftware

Sun's Support of All Three Elements of Open Computing in Education

Samuel.Lo@Sun.COM

Sun's Perspective on Sun's Perspective on Open Standards and Open Standards and Open Source in EducationOpen Source in Education