sun mountain international interamerican development bank disaster risk reduction in latin america...

Sun MountainInternational

Interamerican Development Bank

Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean America and the Caribbean

Through Environmental Through Environmental Management and the Use of Management and the Use of

Economic InstrumentsEconomic Instruments

Several Contributions for

Sun MountainSun Mountain

Issues that will be Issues that will be addressed:addressed:

First presentation First presentation 1. Hazard location maps

2. Framework for the application of disaster risk reduction proposals

3. Disaster risk reduction by means of environmental and natural resource management

4. Economic instruments for environmental and disaster risk reduction

5. Conclusions and recommendations


Hazards that have Hazards that have resulted in disasters in resulted in disasters in Latin America and the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) over Caribbean (LAC) over

the past 100 yearsthe past 100 years


Floods

2 or more recurring events


Earthquakes



Hurricanes



Areas under threat



Conclusions from the Conclusions from the mapsmaps

Floods are the more frequent hazards in the region.Other significant hazards more prevalent in certain sub-

regions: Earthquakes: on the western flank of all countries on the

Pacific coast, the Andean-Coastal Arch in Venezuela and a section of the Caribbean.

Hurricanes: in the Caribbean and Mexico Volcanic eruptions: in the Andean sub-region near the Pacific

ocean in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and in Central America and Mexico

Landslides: in the Andean countries and on the Atlantic coast of Brazil

There are up to 9 different hazards per country


Recommendations Recommendations regarding floodsregarding floods

Comprehensive water resource management

Fight against deforestationReforestationSound environmental management of

soils and slopesComprehensive waste management


Recommendations for Recommendations for countries with countries with severalseveral

hazardshazards

Land use planningFrequency, impact and vulnerability

assessmentPrioritize actions depending on the levels of

risk assessed


FFRAMEWORK FOR THE RAMEWORK FOR THE APPLICATION OF DISASTER APPLICATION OF DISASTER

REDUCTION PROPOSALSREDUCTION PROPOSALS


FFRAMEWORK FOR THE RAMEWORK FOR THE APPLICATION OF DISASTER APPLICATION OF DISASTER

REDUCTION PROPOSALSREDUCTION PROPOSALSExposure of the populationAssessment of socioeconomic vulnerability

in LACImportant aspects for environmental manag

ementImportant aspects for disaster risk manage

ment


LAC: the problem is LAC: the problem is urban in natureurban in nature

In 2001: 24 countries in which over

50% of the population were living in urban areas

12 countries in wich over 70% of the population were living in urban areas

By 2015: 80.5% of the population will

be living in urban areas

Promedio de población LAC Vs. Promedio de población del resto del mundo (%)

61,4

75,8

37,9

47,7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1975 2001

LAC

Resto del mundo

Population average of LAC versus the population average of the rest of the world

(%)

Rest of the world


Socioeconomic Socioeconomic vulnerability in LACvulnerability in LAC

Assessment factors:Social conditionEconomic performance and conditionScientific and technological capabilitiesQuality of environmental managementSituation of the environment


Method for Method for socioeconomic socioeconomic vulnerability vulnerability assessmentassessment

-2

-1

0

1

2Gestión

Ciencia yTecnología

Situación AmbienteSituación Social

Economía

Grupo 4

Management

Economy

Science and

Technology

Environmental Situation

Social Situation

Group 4


Vulnerability in LACVulnerability in LAC

VulnerableVery

slightly vulnerable

Slightly vulnerable

Extremely vulnerable

Highly vulnerable


Important aspects for Important aspects for environmental environmental managementmanagement

Remarkable progress regarding the conceptual, legal and institutional basis

Worrying environmental situation in most LAC countries

The increase of poverty and poor distribution of income phenomena lower the priorities for environmental management

Reduction of programs and projects guided to strengthening environmental management


Group 1

Group 5

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

CClassification according to environmental management capacitieslassification according to environmental management capacities


Group 1Group 1

Countries with good conceptual, legal and institutional basis and an environmental management performance better than the regional average


GroupGroup 2 2

Countries with good conceptual, legal and institutional basis and an environmental management performance within the regional average


GroupGroup 3 3

Countries with good conceptual, legal and institutional basis and an environmental management performance under the regional average


GroupGroup 4 4

Countries with an incomplete conceptual, legal and institutional basis and an environmental management performance within the regional average


GroupGroup 5 5

Countries with an incomplete conceptual, legal and institutional basis and an environmental management performance under the regional average


Important aspects for Important aspects for disaster risk managementdisaster risk management

Wide variety of hazards The origin of hazards is natural or socio-

naturalIncrease of vulnerability as an unsolved

aspect of developmentHigh impact and great amount of disastersCommon features to manage risk in the

region


Important aspects for Important aspects for disaster risk managementdisaster risk managementThe efforts of the governments (at national and local

levels) concentrate on the responseGradual adoption of global and sectorial policiesExisting regulations are guided towards the

management of disasters. They are weak in relation to prevention and mitigation.

Only a few countries have regulations enforcing that “who causes hazards is accountable for them.”


Important aspects for Important aspects for disaster risk managementdisaster risk management

Recent inclusion of hazard assessment in environmental impact evaluation

Hazards and disasters are managed in a centralized manner

In a great number of countries multi-institutional and multi-sector work is very weak regarding the stages of prevention and mitigation


Important aspects for Important aspects for disaster risk managementdisaster risk managementGradual incorporation of hazard-related

issues into development and government plans

There is a trend to incorporate non-governmental agents into the management of hazards

Only a few countries arrange their territories according to existing hazards


0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Impacto

Pro

ba

bilid

ad

(%

)7

2,12,13,16

10,14,17

20

11 18

19

1 5

3

4

8 9

6

15

RiskDisaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction

by means of by means of environmental and environmental and natural resource natural resource

managementmanagement


Disaster risk reduction by Disaster risk reduction by means of environmental means of environmental

managementmanagementManagement policies and actions of national

governments to face natural disasters related with environmental and natural resource deterioration

Chart of interrelationships between environmental management and risk management

Application of the chart of interrelationships in three recent cases of disasters in the region


Management policies and Management policies and actions of central actions of central

governmentsgovernments Environmental and disaster risks Land planning of territories Management plans of areas under special administration systems Impact analysis and environmental instructions Environmental adaptation and supervision plans for industries Regulations for sectors Information and communication Cooperation networks for assistance and environmental

surveillance and control Institutional issues


INTERFACES CHART BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Averages for Latin America)

Environmental management Urban environ-mental manage-ment

Environ-mental planning for infra-structure

Water-shed Manage-ment

Soil conserva-tion

Forest protection

Coastal resources Manage-ment

Sustainable agricultural production

Waste and hazardous materials manage-ment

Risk management Policy areas

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Intercon-nection

Commitment of the country regarding risk management

1. Decentralization of risks of disasters

High High Medium Medium High Medium Medium Low

2. Empowerment of organizations Medium Medium High Medium Medium Low High Low Identification of the Risk 1. Availability of information regarding magnitude, frequency and probability of hazards

High High High High High High High High

Prevention and mitigation 1. Land use planning High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low 2. Prevention measures against hazards

Medium Medium High Medium Medium Medium Medium Low

3. Protection and Natural Resource Management

Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium

Preparation 1. Early alert systems Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low 2. National networks for the response to disasters

Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low

Risk transference 1. Instruments to transfer the risk Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

1. National performance Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low


Application of the chart Application of the chart of interrelationshipsof interrelationships

Ecuador El Niño phenomenon during 1997-1998

Nicaragua Mitch Hurricane (1999)

Venezuela Torrential avalanches in December 1999


Thank you

sun mountain international interamerican development bank disaster risk reduction in latin america...

Documents

disaster risk management

world slide

environment slide

country slide

caribbean lac

lac important aspects

levels of risk

population exposure