Vanni Lughi Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste

Kreuzbergpass (BZ), Italy

June 17th – 21st, 2019

Concluding Remarks

Summer School on Energy Giacomo Ciamician

Emissions and Economy

“[…] damage to tourism and agriculture, and the economic sanctions due for violating the Kyoto protocols are computed”

«Climate, a threat to the economy. Italy risks tens of billions»

CO2 emissions keep increasing

World Scientists’ Warning to

Humanity: A Second Notice BioScience, November 13, 2017

15,364 scientist signatories from

184 countries

A major (and critical) failure in communicating science

Energy and emissions

Industrial processes - 4%

Land use change - 12%

Land & Animal Farming – 14%

ENERGY-RELATED EMISSIONS 67%

Transportation – 14%

Electricity & Heat – 25%

Fuel Combustion – 9%

Energy in Industry – 15%

Fugitive emissions – 4%

Energy

Health

Environment

Economy

Population Food

Security

Water

Energy - A global, complex issue

Complexity of the Energy Supply Chain

Photovoltaics

Water splitting

Solar thermal

Hydrogen Storage, Transport, Reconversion

Imagining the future… A sun-based energy supply chain?

Electric grid

Electric storage

Electricity Storage, Transport, Distribution

Fuel Cells

Production

Biofuels

Heat Transport (short distance)

Use

Fuels - Transport

Wind

Hydro

http://www.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://cdn.ecologiae.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/quarto-conto-energia-imprese-filiera.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ecologiae.com/quarto-conto-energia-imprese-filiera/39565/&usg=__5Wx1wzu4Y8a_eUd0sWE1tbDHZNM=&h=314&w=500&sz=46&hl=it&start=9&sig2=wS1DFkhBb4IGPps2s8np7w&zoom=1&tbnid=A8DFDnxINiiNrM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=130&ei=gLB7TpeTDsuW0QWnvr2jAw&prev=/search?q=filiera+energia&hl=it&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:*:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7SKPB_en&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&itbs=1

How do we abate CO2?

Saving energy does make sense!

[Richard Perez]

Factors Pushing Electricity

Many Renewable Energy Sources are «naturally» electrical

Factors Pushing Electricity

1.3 billion people live without access to electricity (18% of global population)

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

15%

16%

2000 2005 2010 2015

Ele

ctri

city

Pe

net

rati

on

fr

acti

on

of

tota

l en

ergy

su

pp

ly

EU

BRICS

World

Enerdata - Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2015

Electricity Penetration

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 2000 2010 2020

Win

d a

nd

PV

ge

ne

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Fr

acti

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of

tota

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ctri

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ge

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atio

n [

%]

EU

OECD

BRICS

World

Enerdata - Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2015

Wind and Photovoltaic generation are growing fast!

Emerging Interconnection between Smart Electric Energy Systems and Mobility

Global Energy Consumption

Enerdata – Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2014

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Mto

e

World

OECD

BRICS

More Final Remarks…

• Keywords: • Microgeneration • Democratization • Locality • Diversified portfolio of energy technologies

• Price of energy: dilemma, subsidies, … • Geopolitical implications (new equilibria, energy trading dynamics, …) • Non-technical factors: Policy – Social – Economical

e.g. price dilemma subsidies, business models, perception, …

• Dissemination, communication, awareness • Imagine the future

• Picture – Questionnaire - Exam