summer project 15 june to 31 july

7/29/2019 Summer Project 15 June to 31 July

1/68

3

C YTJJDQ _QLHDI] QD_LQ]

LK

Ausbkdss _ltdktbc` flr nua Adcrbkgs bk

Hncrenckm

C rdplrt suajbttdm flr tnd pcrtbc` fu`fb``jdkt lf tnd rdqubrdjdkt flrJcstdr lf Ausbkdss Cmjbkbstrctblk .1?33*1?39"

YTAJB]]DM AR

Fcrnbk & Juedsn Eujcr Ybkgn

Tkmdr tnd gubmckid lf

_rlhdit Gubmd

Jr+Q+E+ Ybkgn, Ausbkdss Mdvd`lpjdkt .]ctc Ytdd`"


2/68

1

CIEKLW@DMGDJDK]

]nd fukmcjdktc` incrcitdrbstbis lf tnd sujjdr bktdrksnbp prlgrcj `bds

klt hust bk tnd suiidssfu` iljp`dtblk lf tnd gbvdk cssbgkjdkt aut c`sl bk

tnd `uirctbvd dxpcksblk lf tnd prlfdssblkc` ausbkdss seb``s wbtnbk tndstumdkts wnl tdkms tl ukmdrtced tnd prlgrcj+ ]nbs cssbgkjdkt wlu`mkt

ncvd addk plssba`d wbtnlut tnd Dkmdcvlur dfflrts prlvbmdm ay tnd

fl``lwbkg pdlp`d flr gubmbkg jd tnrlugnlut jy tdkurd snbp wbtnbk tnd

lrgckbzctblk+

]nrlugn tnbs sditblk wd wlu`m `bed lwd jy grctbtumd tl Jr+ Q+E+ Ybkgn

.Ausbkdss Mdvd`lpjdkt" flr gbvbkg jd tnd lpplrtukbtbds tl wlre bk suin c

iljpdtbtbvd spndrd ckm flr sncrbkg nbs ciujdk ckm ilgkbzckid+ ]nd

sbjb`cr`y wd wlu`m `bed dxtdkm jy tnckefu`kdss tl Jr Glutcj Gnlsn .

Jckcgdr, Jckcgdjdkt mdvd`lpjdkt ]JMI" flr gbvbkg jd tnd dmgd tl

`dcrk ckm iljp`dtd jy sujjdr bktdrksnbp bk tnbs dstddjdm lrgckbzctblk +

@cst`y, wd wlu`m c`sl `bed tl dxtdkm jy tnckes tl c`` tnd djp`lydds ct

Jcredtbkg mdpcrtjdkt, jy fcjb`y ckm jy frbdkms flr tndbr il*lpdrctblk ,

vc`uca`d bkflrjctblk ckm fddmacie wbtnlut wnbin B wlu`m klt ncvd addkca`d tl iljp`dtd tnd prlhdit+


3/68

9

MDI@CQC]BLK

Wd, ndrday mdi`crd tnct tnd prlhdit dktbt`dm Jcredt survdy lfNua adcrbkgs ukmdr tnd gubmckid lf Jr+ QQ++EE++ YYbbkkggnn,, AAuussbbkkddssss

mmddvvdd`llppjjddkktt,, ]]ccttcc AAddccrrbbkkgg AAuurrjjcc JJbbkkddss HHccjjssnnddmmppuurr, .Hncrenckm" bs tnd

rdsu`t lf bkmdpdkmdkt rdsdcrin icrrbdm lut ay wd crd bk pcrtbc` fu`fb``jdkt

lf tndJAC ilursd+ ]l tnd adst lf lur eklw`dmgd ckm ad`bdf, tnbs rdsdcrinbs ck lrbgbkc` pbdid lf lur wlre dxi`usbvd`y prdpcrdm ckm ilkidptuc`bzdm

ay wd crd fbkmbkgs bk tnbs prlhdit rdplrt crd acsdm lk tnd mctc il``ditdm ay

wd ncvd klt addk ilpbdm frlj cky rdsdcrin suajbttdm ay ckylkd,

ckywndrd dcr`bdr+

Mctd8 1>?731

_`cid8 Hncrenckm Fcrnbk & Juedsn Eujcr Ybkgn


4/68

=

BKMD^

Y`

kl+

_CQ]BIT@CQY _cgd

kl+

3+ Dxdiutbvd Yujjcry 4

1+ _rdfcid 6

INC_]DQ 3

9+ Bktrlmuitblk tl tnd tlpbi 7*2

=+ Lahditbvd lf tnd Ytumy 3?

4+ Yilpd lf tnd Ytumy 33

6+ Jdtnlml`lgy 31

7+ @bjbtctblks 39

INC_]DQ 1

>+ Bkmustry _rlfb`d 3=*34

2+ Iljpcky _rlfb`d 36*4=

3?+ _rlmuit _rlfb`d 44*46

INC_]DQ 9

33+ @btdrcturd Qdvbdw 47*6?

31+ Bktrlmuitblk tl jy cssbgkjdkt 63

INC_]DQ =

39+ Jchlr mdc`drs & jcredt sncrd 61*69

INC_]DQ 4

3=+ Fbkmbkgs 6=

34+ Yuggdstblks & Qdiljjdkmctblks 64

36+ Ilki`usblk 66

37+ Aba`blgrcpny 67


5/68

4

DDxxddiiuuttbbvvddYYuujjjjccrryy

Bk tlmcys nbgn`y iljpdtbtbvd adcrbkg jcredt, tnd jcredtbkg strctdgbds

cmlptdm ay iljpckbds crd lf nbgn`y cggrdssbvd typd+ ]nus bt adiljds

vdry dssdktbc` flr tnd jcredtdr tl ukmdrstckm tnd ilkstckt inckgd bk tnd

adncvblr lf tnd jcredt+

]lmcy iljpckbds tnct crd iljpdtbkg bk tnd jcredt prdfdr tl cmlpt jlrd

lf c sd``bkg ilkidpt rctndr tnck c jcredtbkg ilkidpt flr tnd sd``bkg ckm

mbstrbautblk lf tndbr prlmuits+

Jy cssbgkjdkt bk tnbs prlhdit wcs tl survdy mdc`drs mbstrbautlrs

rdtcb`drs lk adnc`f lf Nua Adcrbkgs, Hncrenckm cs bts sujjdr trcbkdd+

]nbs rdplrt bs iljpb`dm bk flr tnd purplsd lf tnd kdidsscry rdqubrdjdkts

tl tnd iljp`dtblk lf tnd tdrj pcpdr ckm prdsdktctblk wnbin bs c pcrt lf tndjckcgdjdkt stumbds+

Cpcrt frlj tndlrdtbic` ckc`ysbs, wd ncvd c`sl stctdm bk tnbs prlhdit, lur

survdy rdplrt murbkg tnd pdrblm+

Wbtn tnd bjjdksd nd`p ckm gubmckid frlj tnd dxpdrts bk tnbs fbd`m wd

ncvd addk ca`d tl iljp`dtd tnd prlhdit bk tnbs pcrtbiu`cr tlpbi+


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6

_QDFCID

Cs c pcrt lf JAC wd ncvd tl ukmdrgl sujjdr trcbkbkg flr =4 mcys

.6wddes" bk ck Lrgckbzctblk wndrd wd crd tl ad dxplsdm tl tnd prcitbic`cspdits lf ausbkdss wlr`m+ Wd mbm jy sujjdr prlhdit ct ]ctc Ytdd`+ Wd

ncm tl ilkmuitdm jcredt survdy lf mdc`drs bk vcrblus rdgblks lf jcbk`y

Mnckacm & Hcjsndmpur .Hncrenckm"+

]l gdt tnd rdc`bstbi vbdw calut tnd suahdit wd ncm ukmdr glkd

vcrblus hlas, wnbin crd mlkd ay tnd iljpcky+ Wd wdrd gbvdk c iljp`dtd

ciidss tl c`` tnd wlre sl cs tl gdt tnd prcitbic` eklw`dmgd+ Jlrdlvdr, wd

crd gbvdk c inckid tl sncrd sljd kdw bmdcs ckm ilkidpt, wnbin wcs

kdw`y cpp`bdm ay tnd iljpcky+

]nd prbjcry ckm sdilkmcry mctc wcs il``ditdm frlj tnd vcrblus

iustljdrs+ Ckm tnd fbkmbkgs & suggdstblks wdrd acsdm lk jy lwk

qudstblkkcbrd+ Yl B nlpd tndsd wdrd vdry nd`pfu` flr tnd iljpcky+


7/68

7

0

Bktrlmuitblk tl lur tlpbi

Nua adcrbkgs

]nd nua adcrbkgs crd tnd adcrbkgs tnct c``lw tnd Nua tl turk lk tnd

cx`d+ Jlst tbjd tndy crd ic``dm cx`d adcrbkgs+

Fukitblk8*

ACYYBIC@R ]NQDD FTKI]BLK LF Nua adcrbkgs

Qdmuid tnd frbitblk@lictd tnd plsbtblkAdcr tnd `lcm

]ypd lf Nua adcrbkgs

dcr kgtypd

Ilmd Adcrbk Ilkfb

GDK 3

CT ?> ?=3 @@ @16?

Grdcsd ilmd

Ydc` ilmdIlksbsts lf bkkdr rbkg,

lutdr rbkg, ac``s, icgd ckm

GDK 3

]T ?> 333 @^@ @1==

Grdcsd ilmd

Ydc` ilmdIlksbsts lf bkkdr rbkg, lutdr

rbkg, rl``drs, icgd ckm sdc`+


8/68

>

GDK 1

NTA 1173

Ydqudktbc`

Ilksbsts lf bkkdr rbkg, lutdr

rbkg, ac``s, icgd ckm sdc`+

Lutdr rbkg rltctbkg typd8

Arced mbsi ckm wndd` jluktdm

GDK 1

NTQ ?=?1

Ydqudktbc`

Ilksbsts lf bkkdr rbkg, lutdr

rbkg, rl``drs, icgd ckm sdc`+



GDK 9

Ac`` typd

NTA

]

NTA ??4]3

Ydqudktbc`

kujadr

]ypd ilmd

Ilksbsts lf bkkdr rbkg, lutdr rbkg,

ac``s, icgd ckm sdc`+



lk nualutdr rbkg ukbt, lutdr

rbkg wbtn f`ckgd fcstdkdm tl

vdnbi`d almy+

Bkkdr rbkg rltctbkg typd8

Lutdr rbkg wbtn f`ckgd fcstdkdm t

vdnbi`d almy, Arced mbsi ckm

wndd` jluktdm lk nua+

Yyjptljs lf c acm nua adcrbkgs

Klbsd wndk tnd wndd` bs turkbkg+

@bfd lf nua adcrbkgs

Gdkdrc``y 1 tl 9 yrs


9/68

2

Qdsdcrin ]ll* c qudstblkkcbrd

Sudstblkkcbrd mdvd`lpjdkt bs ck bjplrtckt pcrt lf tnd jcredt survdy hla+

Bt bs ck crt tnct ic``s flr c `lt lf dxpdrtbsd ckm rdsluridfu`kdss lk tnd pcrt

lf tnd rdsdcrindr+ ]nd qudstblkkcbrd snlu`m ad struiturdm sl cs tl il``dit

c`` rd`dvckt bkflrjctblk+ Bt lftdk sdts tnd frcjdwlre cs wd`` cs tnd tlkd lf

tnd survdy+ ]nd rdsdcrin mctc bs aub`m up lk tnd frcjdwlre lf tnd

qudstblkkcbrd+ Bf tnd qudstblkkcbrd bs fcu`ty, bt wb`` gdkdrctd bkilrrdit

bkflrjctblk ckm kl cjlukt lf ckc`ysbs ckm bktdrprdtctblk ick sdt bt rbgnt+

]nd inlbid lf wlrms bk tnd qudstblkkcbrd snlu`m c`sl ad cpprlprbctd ckm

snlu`m ad dcsb`y ukmdrstllm ay c`` rdsplkmdkts+

Kuckids lf qudstblkkcbrd mdvdlpjdkt

Cs c gdkdrc` prbkibp`d, tnd qudstblkkcbrd snlu`m ad cs sbjp`d cs tnd

suahdit lf tnd survdy pdrjbts+ Bt snlu`m ad arbdf ckm tl tnd plbkt, flrjbkg

c `lgbic` sdqudkid+ Sudstblks snlu`m ad arledk bktl iljplkdkt pcrts sl

cs tl ilvdr c sbkg`d bmdc+ @dcmbkg ckm jbs`dcmbkg qudstblks snlu`m ad

cvlbmdm+ Sudstblks, wnbin rdsplkmdkts ickklt ckswdr prlpdr`y, snlu`mad cvlbmdm+ ]nd qudstblks bk c survdy qudstblkkcbrd usuc``y ad`lkg tl

lkd lr tnd ltndr lf tnd fl``lwbkg typds+

Lpdk dkmdm qudstblks+

I`lsd dkmdm qudstblks+


10/68

3?

LLaahhddiittbbvvddss** ]]nndd wwllrreeaaddbbkkgg cc```ccaalluutt

MMuurrbbkkgg lluurr ttrrccbbkkbbkkgg ppddrrbbllmm wwdd ccrrdd jjccbbkk`yy ccssssbbggkkddmm 44 mmbbssttbbkkiitt llaahhddiittbbvvddss88

]l Eklw tnd mdc`dr, mbstrbautlr, rdtcb`drs calut tnd vcrblus typds lfprlmuits prlmuidm ay Nua Adcrbkgs+

Vcrblus mdc`drs, mbstrbautlrs lf ltndr Nua Adcrbkgs tl tcedmdc`drsnbp, mbstrbautlrsnbp lf Nua Adcrbkgs+

mdc`dr, mbstrbautlr, rdtcb`dr calut tnd gllmkdss ckm adkdfbt lfsd``bkg tnbs pcrtbiu`cr arckms prlmuit+

]cebkg tnd iljjdkts, bktdrdsts lf mdc`dr, mbstrbautlr, ckm rdtcb`dr+

Sultbkg tnd lrmdr, iljjdkts, ckm bktdrdsts tl tnd Crdc Yc`dsJckcgdr+


11/68

33

Yilpd lf tnd stumy

Jcredtbkg stcrts wbtn jcredt rdsdcrin ckm dkms wbtn jcredt rdsdcrin+ ]l

stcrt cky kdw ausbkdss, fbrst wd snlu`m indie bf tndrd bs mdjckm lf tndprlmuit, wd crd lffdrbkg+ Wnl crd iljpdtbtlrs< Wnct bs tnd plsbtblk lf

tnd iljpdtbtlrs< Wnct bs tnd fbkckibc` plsbtblk< Wnct crd tnd strctdgbds

lf tnd

Iljpdtbtlrs ckm wnct crd lur strctdgbds< Flr c`` tndsds ckswdrs ckm

jcky jlrd, jcredt rdsdcrin bs vdry bjplrtckt+ Adflrd bkvdstbkg cky

cjlukt lf jlkdy bk tnd jcredt, jcredt rdsdcrin bs c just+ Wbtn dvdry

bkirdcsd bk tnd iljp`dxbtbds, jcredtbkg bk ausbkdss citbvbty icrrybkg lutrdsdcrin rd`ctbkg tl

Iustljdrs, prlmuits ckm jcredt c`sl adiljds dquc``y iljp`dx,

kdidssctbkg spdibc`bzdm seb`` ckm slpnbstbictdm tdinkbquds+ ]nbs rdsu`tdm

bk djdrgdkid lf jcredt rdsdcrin cs c spdibc`bzdm suahdit lf jcredtbkg

jckcgdjdkt+

Jcredt rdsdcrin p`cys c edy rl`d bk tnd dktbrd jcredtbkg prlidss+ Bt nd`pstnd fbrj bk jcredtbkg jdcsurdjdkt, cssdssjdkt lf jcredt pltdktbc` ckm

mdvd`lpjdkt lf sc`ds ckm flrdicst+ Bt c`sl nd`ps tnd fbrj ciqubrd c adttdr

ukmdrstckmbkg lf tnd iustljdr ckm tnd jcredtbkg dkvbrlkjdkt+ Bt cbms tnd

Flrju`ctblk lf jcredtbkg jbx+ Cs c jcttdr lf fcit, mdibsblk jcebkg lf

dcin d`djdkt lf jcredtbkg jbx, `bed prlmuits ckm sdrvbids jbx,

mbstrbautblk jbx, prljltblk jbx ckm prbibkg pl`biy rd`bds ndcvb`y lk

jcredt rdsdcrin fbkmbkg+


12/68

31

Jdtnlmllgy

Bk tnbs mdsirbptbvd Qdsdcrin mdsbgk, c struiturdm qudstblkkcbrd ncs addkusdm cs tnd mctc il``ditblk bkstrujdkt frlj c ilkvdkbdkid scjp`d lfvcrblus mdc`drs mbstrbautlrs+ ]nd scjp`d sbzd lf 4? bs tcedk flr tnd

purplsd lf rdsdcrin+ Jlrdlvdr, bktdrvbdws wdrd ilkmuitdm ay jd lk cfcid*tl*fcid acsbs+ ]ndrd wcs c kujadr lf sdilkmcry mctc prlvbmdm ay tnddxdiutbvds wnbin nd`pdm jd bk stumybkg tnd jcttdr bk mdtcb`s+]nd jdtnlml`lgbds cpp`bdm flr suiidssfu` iljp`dtblk lf tnd prlhdit crd8*

_rbjcry Ylurids lf Mctc Il`ditblk

.b" _drslkc` Bktdrvbdw ckm Ilktcit8 * wd dstca`bsndm pdrslkc` ilktcit

wbtnDxpdrbdkidm wlredrs, tlp jckcgdjdkt, ckm dxdiutbvds tl latcbkkdidsscry bkflrjctblk+

.bb" Sudstblkkcbrds8 * Flr tnd purplsd lf il``ditbkg mctc ckm bkflrjctblk

Sudstblkkcbrds wdrd prdpcrdm+

.bbb" Fbkmbkgs8 * Fbkmbkgs bki`umds vbsblk cs bts jcbk jdcks lf mctc

Il``ditblk+ Mbffdrdkt wlredr ct wlre, tndbr cttbtumd, adncvblr ckmEklw`dmgd bs kltbidm ndrd+

.bv" Ycjp`d Ybzd8 * ]nd tltc` kujadrs lf djp`lydds survdydm crd 6? ckm

]nd djp`lydds crd survdydm lk c pdrslkc` acsbs tnrlugn tnd nd`p lf

Ytruiturdm qudstblkkcbrd

Ydilkmcry Ylurids lf Mctc Il`ditblk

.b" Fb`ds ckm Mliujdktcry Ylurids8 * Mctc wdrd il``ditdm frlj dcin lftnd ilkidrkdm mdpcrtjdkts frlj fb`ds ckm mliujdktcry slurids+


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39

@bjbtctblks

]nd stumy ncs addk iljp`dtdm bk =4 mcys5 tnbs bs klt suffbibdkt tbjdtl ml c survdy bk dktbrd Klrtn Dcst Qdgblk+

]nd scjp`d sbzd inlsdk bs `bjbtdm tl 4? mdc`drs & mbstrbautlrs5 tndstumy jcy klt ad cpp`bica`d tl tnd tltc` jcredt+

Ndkid tnd mctc il``ditdm jcy klt ad c rdprdsdktctblk lf tnd dktbrdplpu`ctblk+

]ndrd bs c plssbab`bty lf abcsdm ckswdr frlj tnd rdsplkmdkts5 ndkidtnd bkflrjctblk il``ditdm jbgnt klt ad ck ciiurctd lkd+

]nd stumy ncs addk mlkd bk idrtcbk crdcs bk Mnckacm &Hcjsndmpur+

]nd fbkmbkgs crd rdgblkc` ckm ml klt rdprdsdkt tnd stctd lr iluktry+

Cs tnd jcredt adbkg vdry nugd bt wcs klt plssba`d tl ilvdr dcin ckmdvdry crdc+


14/68

3=

Bkmustrbc` _rlfb`d

]nd g`lac` adcrbkg jcredt bs gdkdrc``y sddk cs tnd wlr`mwbmd sc`ds lrl``bkg adcrbkgs, iljprbsbkg ac`` ckm rl``dr adcrbkg cssdja`bds l

vcrblus mdsbgks bkiùmbkg jluktdm adcrbkg ukbts+ YEF dstbjctds tnct tndg`lac` rl``bkg adcrbkg jcredt bkirdcsdm bk `lic` iurrdkiy adtwddk4 ckm3?$ bk 1?33 lvdr tnd prdvblus ydcr, tl adtwddk YDE 93? ckm 91?ab``blk+

]nd cutljltbvd lrbgbkc` dqubpjdkt adcrbkg jcredts, bkiùmbkg twl* ckmtnrdd*wndd`drs, ciiluktdm flr s`bgnt`y jlrd tnck 9?$ lf wlr`m mdjckm+]nd bkmustrbc` lrbgbkc` dqubpjdkt adcrbkg jcredts ciiluktdm flr c`jlst

=?$ lf wlr`m mdjckm ckm bkiùmdm jckufciturdrs lf `bgnt ckm ndcvybkmustrbc` jcinbkds ckm dqubpjdkt cs wd`` cs cdrlspcid, lff*nbgnwcyckm rcb`wcy vdnbi`ds+ Yc`ds tnrlugn mbstrbautlrs .bkmustrbc` mbstrbautblkckm tnd bkmdpdkmdkt vdnbi`d cftdrjcredt" jced up crlukm 9?$ lf wlr`madcrbkg mdjckm, lf wnbin crlukm 14$ bs rd`ctdm tl tnd vdnbi`d sdrvbidjcredt ckm crlukm 74$ tl tnd bkmustrbc` jcredt+

Csbc iurrdkt`y ciilukts flr c`jlst 4?$ lf tnd wlr`m adcrbkg jcredt,iljpcrdm wbtn `dss tnck 9?$ tdk ydcrs cgl+ Inbkc ncs addk grlwbkg

rcpbm`y lvdr tnd `cst fdw ydcrs supplrtdm ay tnd dxpcksblk lf btsmljdstbi rcb`wcy bkfrcstruiturd ckm c rlaust mdjckm bk rdkdwca`ddkdrgy ckm klw ciilukts flr jlrd tnck 14$ lf tnd wlr`m adcrbkg tltc`+Hcpcks sncrd lf tnd wlr`m adcrbkg jcredt ncs addk mdi`bkbkg, ckm

mljdstbi Hcpckdsd adcrbkg mdjckm klw ciilukts flr `dss tnck 34$ ltnd wlr`m tltc`+ Ltndr Csbck jcredts wbtn adcrbkg prlmuitblk ckmsnlwbkg sbgkbfbickt grlwtn bk rdidkt ydcrs bkiùmd Bkmbc, ]ncb`ckm,Bkmlkdsbc, Jc`cysbc ckm tnd Qdpua`bi lf Elrdc+

]nd Inbkdsd adcrbkg jcredt, wnbin bs tnd `crgdst ckm fcstdst grlwbkg ltnd djdrgbkg jcredts, bs vdry frcgjdktdm wbtn tnd jcbk bktdrkctblkcàdcrbkg iljpckbds ciiluktbkg flr calut lkd tnbrm lf tnd jcredt wnb`dtnd ltndr twl tnbrms lf tnd jcredt ilksbsts lf c nlst lf `lic`jckufciturdrs+ Yljd lf tnd `crgdst bkiùmd8 Wcfckgmbck .XWX",@ulyckg .@RI", Ncrabk .NQA", Xndhbckg ]bckjc .]JA", Wckxbckg


15/68

34

Sbckincl, ckm I&T+

]nd Bkmbck adcrbkg jcredt ncs addk grlwbkg ct tnd scjd pcid cs tndInbkdsd jcredt ckm klw ciilukts flr calut 4$ lf tnd wlr`m adcrbkgjcredt+ ]nd p`cydrs bk tnct jcredt bkiùmd bktdrkctblkc` jckufciturdrs

ckm sdvdrc` `lic` jckufciturdrs suin cs KDB, KQA, CAI ckm ]C]C+

Durlpd ciilukts flr `dss tnck 14$ lf tnd wlr`m jcredt tltc` wbtnGdrjcky c`lkd ciiluktbkg flr c`jlst 3?$+ ]nd Cjdrbics klwrdprdsdkt `dss tnck 14$ lf g`lac` mdjckm, lf wnbin tnd TYC, Ickcmcckm Jdxbil tlgdtndr ciilukt flr calut >?$+ Bk Ylutn Cjdrbic, Arczb`bs tnd jchlr jcredt ckm jceds up jlrd tnck 6?$ lf rdgblkc` mdjckm+

YEF bs tnd wlr`m `dcmdr lk tnd jcredt flr adcrbkgs ckm ltndr jchlr

bktdrkctblkc` iljpckbds ndrd bkiùmd8 tnd Yincdff`dr Grlup, ]bjedk,KYE, K]K, ckm H]DE]+

Qcmbc` mddp grllvd ac`` adcrbkgs crd tnd jlst iljjlk rl``bkg adcrbkgtypd, ciiluktbkg flr c`jlst 9?$ lf wlr`m adcrbkg mdjckm+ Ltndr jchlrac`` adcrbkg typds bkiùmd ckgu`cr ilktcit ac`` adcrbkgs, sd`f*c`bgkbkgac`` adcrbkgs, tnrust ac`` adcrbkgs ckm cutljltbvd wndd` nua adcrbkgukbts ciiluktbkg flr jlrd tnck 3?$ lf tltc` wlr`m adcrbkg jcredt+Ql``dr adcrbkgs ciilukt flr `dss tnck nc`f lf wlr`m adcrbkg jcredt+

Ql``dr adcrbkgs crd kcjdm cftdr tnd rl``dr sncpd, suin cs iy`bkmrbic`rl``dr adcrbkgs, kddm`d rl``dr adcrbkgs, tcpdrdm rl``dr adcrbkgs ckmspndrbic` rl``dr adcrbkgs+ C`` lf tndsd crd cvcb`ca`d flr `lcms citbkgcirlss tnd sncft .rcmbc` adcrbkgs" ckm flr `lcms tnct crd pcrc``d` wbtn tndsncft .tnrust adcrbkgs"+ ]ndrd crd c`sl adcrbkgs tnct ilktcbk altn ac``sckm rl``drs sbju`tckdlus`y+ ]nd `crgdst rl``dr adcrbkg fcjb`y bs tndtcpdrdm rl``dr adcrbkg, wbtn c`jlst 1?$ lf tnd wlr`m adcrbkg jcredt+


16/68

36

]C]C Y]DD@8 CK LQGCKBYC]BLKC@ _QLFB@D

Dstca`bsndm bk 32?7, ]ctc Ytdd` bs Csbcs fbrst ckm Bkmbcs `crgdst prbvctd

sditlr stdd` iljpcky+ ]ctc Ytdd` bs cjlkg tnd `lwdst ilst prlmuidrs lfstdd` bk tnd wlr`m ckm lkd lf tnd fdw sd`dit stdd` iljpckbds bk tnd wlr`m

tnct bs DVC% .Dilkljbi Vc`ud Cmmdm"+

]ctc Ytdd` ncs lpdrctblks bk 3? iluktrbds ckm jcbktcbks c strctdgbi

prdsdkid bk sd`dit Gdlgrcpnbis tnrlugn dxplrts+ ]ctc Ytdd` bs cjlkg tnd

tlp tdk g`lac` stdd` iljpckbds wbtn c irumd stdd` prlmuitblk icpcibty lf

lvdr 1> jb``blk tlks pdr ckkuj+ C flrtukd 4?? iljpcky, tnd ]ctc Ytdd`

Grlup bs tnd wlr`ms sdilkm gdlgrcpnbic``y mbvdrsbfbdm stdd` prlmuidr,

djp`lybkg lvdr >?,??? pdlp`d cirlss 4 ilktbkdkts bk kdcr`y 4? iluktrbds+

]nd Grlups vbsblk bs tl ad tnd wlr`ms stdd` bkmustry adkinjcre bk

Vc`ud Irdctblk ckm Ilrplrctd Ibtbzdksnbp tnrlugn tnd dxid``dkid lf

bts pdlp`d, bts bkklvctbvd cpprlcin ckm lvdrc`` ilkmuit+


17/68

37

Tkmdrpbkkbkg tnd vbsblk bs c pdrflrjckid iu`turd iljjbttdm tl csp

rctblkc` tcrgdts, scfdty ckm slibc` rdsplksbab`bty, ilktbkulus

bjprlvdjdkt, lpdkkdss ckm trckspcrdkiy+ ]ctc Ytdd`s g`lac` grlwtn

adgck wbtn tnd lahditbvds lf cttcbkbkg c `crgdr gdlgrcpnbi flltprbkt ckm tl

sdrvbid c g`lac` iustljdr acsd, bkiùmbkg tnd jcturd jcredts lf TE ckm

Durlpd ckm tnd fcst grlwbkg Ylutn Dcst Csbc ckm Inbkc Jcredts+

VBYBLK

Wd cspbrd tl ad tnd g`lac` stdd` bkmustry adkin jcre flr Vcùd

Irdctblk ckm Ilrplrctd Ibtbzdksnbp+

JBYYBLK

Ilksbstdkt wbtn tnd vbsblk ckm vcùds lf tnd flukmdr HcjsndmHb ]ctc,

]ctc Ytdd` strbvds tl strdkgtndk Bkmbcs bkmustrbc` acsd tnrlugn tnd

dffditbvd utb`bzctblk lf stcffs ckm jctdrbc`s+ ]nd jdcks dkvbscgdm tl

cinbdvd crd nbgn tdinkl`lgy ckm prlmuitbvbty, ilksbstdkt wbtn jlmdrk

jckcgdjdkt prcitbids+


18/68

3>


19/68

32

Fbg+ ]C]C Y]DD@ gctd .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


20/68

1?

BKMBCK L_DQC]BLKY

Dstca`bsndm bk 32?7, ]ctc Ytdd` flukmdm ckm mdvd`lpdm Bkmbcs fbrst

Bkmustrbc` ibty, klw Hcjsndmpur, wndrd tnd iljpcky dstca`bsndm Csbcs

fbrst bktdgrctdm stdd` p`ckt+ Hcjsndmpur wlres iurrdkt`y iljprbsds c 6+>

J]_C irumd stdd` prlmuitblk fcib`bty .wnbin p`cks tl grlw tl 3?jtpc bk1?3?" ckm c vcrbdty lf fbkbsnbkg jb``s+ ]ctc Ytdd` ncs c sbgkbfbickt

prdsdkid bk c``bdm ckm mlwkstrdcj crdcs tnrlugn bts vcrblus Ytrctdgbi

Ausbkdss Tkbts, kcjd`y tnd ]uads Mbvbsblk, Wbrd Mbvbsblk, Adcrbkgs

Mbvbsblk, Fdrrl C``lys ckm Jbkdrc`s Mbvbsblk, Cgrbil Mbvbsblk ckm ]ctc

Grlwtn Ynlp+ ]nd iljpcky c`sl plssdssds ckm lpdrctds icptbvd brlk lrd,

iled ilc` ckm inrljd lrd jbkds+ ]ctc Ytdd` bs mdvd`lpbkg tnrdd grddk

fbd`m stdd` prlhdits bk tnd Bkmbck Ytctds lf Hncrenckm, Lmbsnc ckmInncttbsgcrn, wnbin wb`` prlvbmd ck cmmbtblkc` icpcibty lf 19 J]_C+ Bts

6 J]_C bktdgrctdm grddkfbd`m stdd` p`ckt prlhdit ct Ec`bkgckcgcr bk

Lmbsnc bs c`rdcmy ukmdrwcy+ C`sl c mddp*sdc plrt ct Mncrjc bk Lmbsnc bk

c hlbkt vdkturd wbtn @crsdk & ]luarl ckm c 6?,??? tpc tbtckbuj mblxbmd

vdkturd bk tnd ]utbilrbk mbstrbit lf ]cjb` Kcmu+

DTQL_DCK L_DQC]BLKY

]ctc Ytdd` Durlpd .Ilrus", ncs c irumd stdd` prlmuitblk icpcibty lf jlrd

tnck 1? jb``blk tlkds ckm ncs lpdrctblks bk tnd TE, Kdtndr`ckms,

Gdrjcky, Frckid ckm Ad`gbuj+ Bts `lkg ckm strbp prlmuits ictdr tl tnd

ilkstruitblk, cutljltbvd, pciecgbkg, dkgbkddrbkg ckm ltndr jcredts

wlr`mwbmd+ Iljprbsbkg tnrdd lpdrctbkg mbvbsblks

Ytrbp _rlmuits

@lkg _rlmuitsMbstrbautblk & Aub`mbkg Yystdjs

Ilrus prlmuids icralk stdd` ct bts bktdgrctdm stdd` wlres ct _lrt ]c`alt,

Yiuktnlrpd ckm Bhjubmdk bk tnd Kdtndr`ckms+ Wbtn bkklvctblk ckm ilktbkulus

bjprlvdjdkt ct tnd ndcrt lf bts ausbkdss pdrflrjckid, Ilrus cbjs tl irdctd


21/68

13

vc`ud ay lffdrbkg c mbffdrdktbctdm prlmuit rckgd supplrtdm ay ukrbvc``dm

iustljdr sdrvbid+

YLT]N DCY] CYBC L_DQC]BLKY

KctYtdd` Nl`mbkgs8 Bt bs lkd lf tnd `crgdst stdd` prlmuidrs bk tnd Csbc _cibfbi

rdgblk+ Wbtn ndcmqucrtdrs bk Ybkgcplrd, bt ncs jlrd tnck 9,1?? djp`lydds bk

Ybkgcplrd, Inbkc, ]ncb`ckm, Vbdtkcj ckm Custrc`bc+ Bt ncs c prlmuitblk

icpcibty lf ?+> jtpc ckm md`bvdrs crlukm 1 jtpc lf nbgn quc`bty stdd` prlmuits

flr tnd ilkstruitblk bkmustry+ KctYtdd` ncs csslibctd stdd` iljpckbds bk

Jc`cysbc ckm tnd _nb`bppbkds+

]C]C Y]DD@ ]NCB@CKM8 bs 67+2$ lwkdm ay tnd grlup, ncs bts

ndcmqucrtdrs bk Ackgele ckm bs tnd `crgdst prlmuidr lf `lkg stdd` prlmuits bk

]ncb`ckm, wbtn c jckufciturbkg icpcibty lf 3+7 jtpc+ Bt bs iurrdkt`y stcab`bzbkgtnd lpdrctblks lf c kdw jbkb a`cst furkcid wbtn ck ckkuc` prlmuitblk icpcibty

lf ?+4 jtpc+

GQLW]N CKM G@LAC@BYC]BLK8

H cjsndmpur, Bkmbc

4 jb``blk tlks pdr ckkuj, s`ctdm tl rdcin 7 J]_C bk 1??> & 3? J]_C ay

1?33+

_crtkdrsnbp wbtn Ilrus8

Lk pcrtkdrsnbp wbtn Ilrus grlup, tnd iljabkdm dktbty wb`` ad tnd 6 tn `crgdst

stdd` prlmuidr ckm tnd 1km jlst gdlgrcpnbic``y mbvdrsbfbdm stdd` iljpcky bk

tnd wlr`m+

Kct Ytdd Csbc Ybkgcplrd

1 jb``blk tlkds, Ybkgcplrd, Inbkc, Vbdtkcj, ]ncb`ckm ckm tnrdd ltndr YlutnDcst Csbck iluktrbds+

]ctc Ytdd ]ncb`ckm

3+7 jb``blk ]lkds

@bjdstlkd jbjbkg bk ]ncb`ckm

@lw csn ilc` bk Custrc`bc


22/68

11

Wbrd jckufciturbkg ukbt bk Yrb @ckec eklwk cs @ckec spdibc` stdd` icptbvdrcw jctdrbc` rdslurids bk Bkmbc gbvd bt c iljpdtbtbvd cmvcktcgd+

L]NDQ _QLH DI]Y8

Bkmbc

3+1 J]_C Jdt iled prlhdit bk Wdst Adkgc`+

Mddp sdc plrt bk Mncjrc, Lmbsnc+

]btckbuj Mblxbmd prlhdit bk ]cjb` Kcmu+

Hlbkt Vdkturd wbtn A`udYilpd Ytdd` flr jdtc``bi ilctbkg ckm

pcbktbkg stdd` ukbt+

Lvdrsdcs

Mdvd`lpjdkt lf c slurid lf `lw csn ilc` frlj Suddks`ckm,

Custrc`bc+

Fdrrl Inrljd prlmuitblk bk Qbincrms Acy, Ylutn Cfrbic+

JCH LQ AQCKM CKM YTAYBMBCQBDY LF ]C]C Y]DD@

.MLJDY]BI & G@LAC@"

]ctc stdd`buj

]ctc Yncetdd

]ctc tbsilk

]ctc pbpds

]ctc cgrbil

Cgrbil

]ctc adcrbkgs

]ctc wbrlk

]ctc gc`vckl


23/68

19

YTAYBMBCQRCYYLIBC]DYH Vs

]nd ]bkp`ctd Iljpcky lf Bkmbc @tm+

]cyl Ql``s @tm]ctc Yplkgd Brlk @tm

]ctc Jdtc``bes @tm+

]ctc _bgjdkts @tm+

Hcjsndmpur Bkhditblk _lwdr @tm+

]J Bktdrkctblkc` @lgbstbis @tm+

Bkmbck Ytdd` ckm Wbrd _rlmuits

Jdtc` hukitblk+ilj

Mncjrc _lrt

]QF @tm+

Hcjsndmpur Ttb`bty ckm Ydrvbid Iljpcky

]ctc A`udsilpd

CYYLIBC]DY & YTAYBMBCQBDY* Lvdrsdcs

@ckec Ypdibc` Ytdd` @bjbtdm

Yb`c Dcstdrk Iljpcky @bjbtdm

KctYtdd` Csbc Ybkgcplrd

Jb``dkkbuj Ytdd`, ]ncb`ckm]C]C KRE

Ilrus


24/68

1=

]C]C Y]DD@* H CJYNDM_TQ

]C]C Ytdd` ncs addk rckedm ct tnd tlp lf tnd Kbd`sdks ilrplrctd bjcgd

jlkbtlr stumy fl``lwdm ay ]C]C Jltlrs+

]nd wlr`ms jlst cmjbrca`d iljpckbds 1?33, pua`bsndm ay Flrtukd

Jcgczbkd, rckes ]C]C stdd` lk 6tn

plsbtblk bk jdtc` bkmustry ictdglry+

]ctc Ytdd`, flrjdr`y eklwk cs ]BYIL .]ctc Brlk ckm Ytdd` Iljpcky", bs

tnd wlr`ms sdvdktn `crgdst stdd` iljpcky, wbtn ck ckkuc` irumd stdd`

icpcibty lf 9? Jb``blk ]lks _dr Ckkuj, .J]_C"+ Bt bs tnd 1km

`crgdst

prbvctd sditlr stdd` iljpcky bk Bkmbc bk tdrjs lf mljdstbi prlmuitblk+

Qckedm 934tn lk Flrtukd G`lac` 4??, bt bs acsdm bk Hcjsndmpur,

Hncrenckm, Bkmbc+

Bt bs pcrt lf ]ctc Grlup lf iljpckbds bk prbvctd sditlr wbtn ilksl`bmctdm

turklvdr lf Qs 3?1,929 irlrds murbkg tnd ydcr dkmdm Jcrin 93st, 1?3?+ Bts

jcbk p`ckt bs `lictdm ct Hcjsndmpur bk Hncrenckm+ Wbtn bts ciqubsbtblk lf

tnd Ilrus, Kct Ytdd` ckm Jb``dkkbuj Ytdd` bt ncs adiljd c ju`tbkctblkc`

iljpcky wbtn lpdrctblks bk vcrblus iluktrbds+ Bt bs tnd wlr`ms sdilkm

jlst gdlgrcpnbic``y mbvdrsbfbdm stdd` prlmuidr+ C`sl bt bs tnd wlr`ms

`lwdst ilst prlmuidr lf stdd` wbtn sncrdnl`mdr acsd lf >,??,??? pdlp`d

ckm ck djp`lydd strdkgtn lvdr >3,??? cirlss 4 ilktbkdkts+

]nd rdgbstdrdm lffbid lf ]ctc Ytdd` bs bk Jujacb+ ]nd iljpcky bs `bstdm

lk AYD ckm KYD+ ]C]C Y]DD@ bs aciedm ay 3?? g`lrblus ydcrs lf

dxpdrbdkid bk stdd` jcebkg wbtn bts dstca`bsnjdkt bk 32?7+


25/68

14

BKMTY]QR LVDQVBDW G`lac` Ytdd` bkmustry

]nd iurrdkt g`lac` stdd` bkmustry bs bk bts adst plsbtblk bk iljpcrbslk tl

`cst mdicmds+ ]nd prbid ncs addk rbsbkg ilktbkulus`y+ ]nd mdjckm

dxpditctblks flr stdd` prlmuits crd rcpbm`y grlwbkg flr iljbkg ydcrs+ ]nd

sncrds lf stdd` bkmustrbds crd c`sl bk c nbgn pcid+ ]nd stdd` bkmustry bs

dkhlybkg bts 6tn

ilksdiutbvd ydcrs lf grlwtn bk supp`y ckm mdjckm+ Ckm

tndrd bs jcky jlrd jdrgdr ckm ciqubsbtblks wnbin lvdrc`` aulydm tnd

bkmustry ckm snlwdm sljd gllm rdsu`ts+

]nd suaprbjd irbsbs ncs `dcm tl tnd rdidssblk bk dilkljy lf mbffdrdkt

iluktrbds, wnbin jcy `dcm tl ncvd c kdgctbvd dffdit lk wnl`d stdd`

bkmustry bk iljbkg ydcrs+ Nlwdvdr stdd` prlmuitblk ckm ilksujptblk wb``

ad supplrtdm ay ilktbkulus dilkljbi grlwtn+

]nd iluktrbds `bed Inbkc, Hcpck, Bkmbc ckm Ylutn Elrdc crd bk tnd

tlp lf tnd calvd bk stdd` prlmuitblk bk Csbck iluktrbds+ Inbkc

ciilukts flr lkd tnbrm lf tltc` prlmuitblk b+d+ =32j tlk, Hcpck ciilukts

flr 2$ b+d+ 33>j tlk, Bkmbc ciilukts flr 49j tlk ckm Ylutn Elrdc bs

ciiluktdm flr =2j tlk, wnbin c`` tltc``y adiljds jlrd tnck 4?$ lf

g`lac` prlmuitblk+ Cpcrt frlj tnbs TYC, AQCXB@, TE ciilukts flr tnd

jchlr inuke lf tnd wnl`d grlwtn+


26/68

16

]nd wlr`m stdd` bkmustry

lut`lle bs prljbsbkg

wbtn prlmuitblk sddk

rbsbkg tl 3+4 ab``blktlkds bk 1??2, up frlj

3+= ab``blk tlkds, bk

1??>+ ]nd futurd lut`lle flr tnd wlr`mwbmd stdd` bkmustry bs vdry gllm+

Mdjckm bs c`sl sddk grlwbkg wbtn cppcrdkt stdd` usd dxpditdm tl tltc`

3+1>1 ab``blk tlkds tnbs ydcr, up 6+7 pdridkt frlj 1??7, ciilrmbkg tl

mctc frlj tnd Bktdrkctblkc` Brlk ckm Ytdd` Bkstbtutd .BBYB"+

Arczb`, Qussbc, Bkmbc ckm Inbkc .AQBI" wdrd `dcmbkg grlwtn wbtn ckdxpditdm bkirdcsd lf 33+3 pdr idkt flr 1??> ckm 3?+9 pdridkt flr 1??2+

Inbkc's cppcrdkt stdd` usd bs dxpditdm tl grlw ay lvdr 3? pdridkt bk 1??>

ckm ay 3? pdridkt bk 1??2+ Inbkc ciiluktdm flr 94 pdridkt lf tnd wlr`m

tltc` tnbs ydcr+

Bk tnd Durlpdck Tkblk c tltc` lf 13? jb``blk tlks lf stdd` wdrdprlmuidm bk 1??7, up 3+6 pdridkt frlj tnd prdvblus ydcr+ Wlr`m stdd`

prlmuitblk icpcibty bs sddk bkirdcsbkg ay kdcr`y 32 pdridkt adtwddk 1??7

ckm 1?3?+ ]nd stdd` bkmustry ncs ukmdrglkd c fdw struiturc` inckgds bk

tnd pcst 9*= ydcrs+ Yl, tnd lut`lle flr tnd kdxt fdw ydcrs bs `bed`y

tl ad mrbvdk ay tnd ebkm lf ilksl`bmctblk tnct ncs tcedk p`cid bk tnd

pcst fdw ydcrs+ ]nd ltndr fcitlr tnct bs `bed`y tl cffdit lut`lle bs tnd

dxtdkt lf mdjckm djdrgbkg frlj AQBI iluktrbds+Bk cmmbtblk tl tndsd twl jchlr fcitlrs, c ilst*pusn bs iljbkg frlj rcw

jctdrbc` supp`bdrs+ Ndkid, stdd` jckufciturdrs ncvd tl ilktdkm wbtn

strlkg mdjckm lk lkd nckm, ckm ilst*pusn lk tnd ltndr+ ]nd lut`lle

flr tnd mljdstbi bkmustry `lles arbgnt, sbkid Bkmbc ncs gllm brlk lrd

mdplsbts seb``dm jckplwdr ckm grlwbkg mdjckm flr stdd`+


27/68

17

]ndrd bs ck cpprdndksblk tnct bf Inbkc s`lws mlwk, bt jcy mujp bts

surp`us stdd` bktl Bkmbc+ Ck ckc`ysbs lf g`lac` mctc snlws tnct dvdk bf ck

dilkljy s`lws mlwk, stdd` ilksujptblk mlds klt fc`` mrcjctbic``y+

Bk tnd icsd lf Inbkc, c s`lwmlwk ick jdck tnct tnd grlwtn rctd jcy fc``

frlj 32*1?$ tl c `lwdr `dvd`+ Aut tnct mldskt jdck grlwtn wb` klttced p`cid+ Inbkc prlmuidm crlukm =7? jb``blk tlks .jt" lf stdd` `cst

ydcr, lut lf wnbin, 66 jt wcs dxplrtdm ckm tnd rdst wcs ilksujdm

wbtnbk tnd iluktry+ ]nd jdcsurds ukmdrtcedk ay tnd Inbkdsd glvdrkjdkt

rdidkt`y wb`` rdmuid dxplrts sbgkbfbickt`y bk tnd iurrdkt ydcr+ ]ndrd bs

c`sl c inckgd bk tnd ilksujptblk pcttdrk+ Flr bkstckid, bf ilkstruitblk

citbvbty s`lws mlwk, tnd ilksujptblk lf wnbtd gllms wb`` pbie up ckm

mdjckm flr f`ct stdd` prlmuits wb`` gl up+

]nd kdw icpcibtbds iljbkg up bk Inbkc crd lk tnd f`ct prlmuits sbmd ckm

klt lk tnd `lkg prlmuits sbmd+ Lvdrc``, tnd bjpcit lk tnd supp`y sbmd wb``

ad `dss+ Ybjb`cr`y, tnd ilst lf prlmuitblk bs vdry nbgn bt ilsts crlukm

-4?? pdr tlk tl prlmuid jlrd tnck 3?? jt lf stdd` bk Inbkc+ Ybkid tnd

ilst lf prlmuitblk bs vdry nbgn ckm dxplrts crd klt c``lwdm, jcky lf

tndsd p`ckts wb`` ad i`lsdm mlwk ay ?2*3?+]nbs wb`` rdmuid tnd supp`y lf

stdd`+

]ndrds c fdd`bkg tnct Bkmbc mldskt ncvd juin brlk lrd,

ilksbmdrbkg tnd rdidkt icpcibty dxpcksblk p`cks lf mljdstbi ckm

flrdbgk stdd` iljpckbds bk Bkmbc+

]ndrd bs c plssbab`bty tnct bf wd ilktbkud dxplrtbkg brlk lrd, wd

jcy ruk lut lf rdsdrvds+ Iurrdkt`y, wd dxplrt 2?*3?? jt

dvdr y ydcr ckm tnbs bs stdcmb`y bkirdcsbkg+ Bmdc``y, wd snlu`mbkirdcsd lur stdd` prlmuitblk icpcibty wd crd c kdt bjplrtdr lf stdd`

sl tnct rctndr tnck dxplrtbkg brlk lrd, wd ick cmm vc`ud tl bt+

Bkmbc snlu`m c`sl `lle ct bkvdstbkg bk dxp`lrbkg kdw jbkds+


28/68

1>

Bkmbck Ytdd` Bkmustry*Ck Lvdrvbdw

Bkmbc ncs trcmbtblkc``y addk lkd lf tnd jchlr prlmuidrs lf stdd` bk tnd

wlr`m+ ]b`` tnd 322?s tnd stdd` bkmustry lf Bkmbc wcs rdgu`ctdm ckm

ilktrl``dm ay glvdrkjdkt pl`bibds+ Cftdr tnd dilkljbi rdflrjs lf tnd

dcr`y 322?s, tnd Bkmbck stdd` bkmustry ncs dvl`vdm sbgkbfbickt`y tl

ilkflrj tl Bkmbc ncs sdt c vbsblk tl ad ck dilkljbic``y mdvd`lpdm

kctblk ay 1?1?+ ]nd stdd` bkmustry bs dxpditdm tl p`cy c jchlr rl`d bk

Bkmbc's dilkljbi mdvd`lpjdkt bk tnd iljbkg ydcrs+ ]nd stdd` bkmustrylf Bkmbc ncs c vdry nbgn grlwtn pltdktbc` ckm bs dxpditdm tl rdgbstdr

sbgkbfbickt grlwtn bk tnd iljbkg mdicmds+ Bkmbc bs dxpditdm tl djdrgd cs

c strlkg flrid bk tnd g`lac` stdd` jcredt bk iljbkg ydcrs+


29/68

12

]nd twl jchlr cspdits tnct crd dxpditdm tl p`cy c sbgkbfbickt rl`d bk

tnd grlwtn lf tnd stdd` bkmustry bk Bkmbc crd *Ilkstruitblk

NlusbkgGrlukm trcksplrtctblk

Nb*tdin dkgbkddrbkg bkmustrbds suin cs plwdr gdkdrctblk, pdtrlindjbic`s,

fdrtb`bzdrs ]nd iurrdkt sidkcrbl lf tnd Bkmbck stdd` bkmustry bkmbictds tnct

tndrd bs nugd grlwtn pltdktbc` bk tnbs bkmustry+ ]nd pdr icpbtc*

ilksujptblk lf stdd` bk Bkmbc, ciilrmbkg tl `ctdst cvcb`ca`d

dstbjctds, bs lk`y 12 eg+ ]nbs bs juin `dss iljpcrdm tl tnd g`lac`

cvdrcgd lf 3=?eg+ ]nd pdr icpbtc ilksujptblk `dvd` lf mdvd`lpdm

kctblks `bed tnd Tkbtdm Ytctds lf Cjdrbic bs =??eg+ Bk tnbs rdspdit, lkd

lf tnd jchlr bkbtbctbvds tnct kddm tl ad tcedk bs tl flius lk

bkirdcsbkg tnd ilksujptblk lf stdd` bk tnd rurc` crdcs lf Bkmbc+

]nd pltdktbc` flr tnd grlwtn lf ilksujptblk lf stdd` bk tnd rurc` crdcs lf

Bkmbc flr purplsds `bed rurc` nlusbkg, rurc` bkfrcstruiturd, dti bs nbgn

wnbin kddms tl ad tcppdm dffbibdkt`y+

Bk lrmdr tl rdc`bzd tnd grlwtn pltdktbc` bk tnd stdd` bkmustry lf Bkmbc, bt bs

dssdktbc` tl dksurd tnct tnd bkmustry ick rdjcbk iljpdtbtbvd+ Lkd lf tnd

jchlr cspdits bk tnbs rdgcrm bs tnd cvcb`cab`bty lf bkputs+ Ynlrtcgd lf

bkputs `bed iled ncs `dm tl bkirdcsd bk ilsts dcr`bdr+ Jlrdlvdr

prlpdr bkfrcstruiturd fcib`btbds `bed trcksplrt bkfrcstruiturd, plwdr dti

crd lf prbjd bjplrtckid bk jcbktcbkbkg tnd iljpdtbtbvdkdss lf tnd

bkmustry+

]nbs ncs nd`pdm bk tnd grlwtn lf Bkmbck stdd` bkmustry+ ]nd bkmustry

rdilrmdm tnd nbgndst grlwtn rctd bk tnd pdrblm frlj 1??=*1??4, wndk

tnd grlwtn rctd lf tnd stdd` sditlr wcs =$+ ]nd bkirdcsdm

ilksujptblk lf tnd fbkbsndm stdd` prlmuits bk tnd mljdstbi jcredt citdm

cs c plsbtbvd ictc`yst bk tnd grlwtn prlidss lf tnd Bkmbck stdd` bkmustry+

]nd fcvlrca`d jcredt ilkmbtblk ncs nd`pdm tnd iljpckbds lpdrctbkg+


30/68

9?

Bkmbck stdd` bkmustry tl dxpckm tndbr lpdrctblks ckm dcrk nugd prlfbt+

Bkmbc ilktbkuc``y plsts pndkljdkc` grlwtn rdilrms bk stdd` prlmuitblk+

Bk 3221

Bkmbc prlmuidm 3=+99 jb``blk

tlkds lf fbkbsndm icralk stdd`s

ckm 3+42 jb``blk tlkds lf pbg

brlk+ Furtndrjlrd tnd stdd`

prlmuitblk icpcibty lf tnd

iluktry ncs bkirdcsdm rcpbm`y

sbkid 3223*1??>, Bkmbc

prlmuidm kdcr`y =6+474

jb``blk tlkds lf fbkbsndm stdd`s

ckm =+929 jb``blk lf pbg brlk+

Altn prbjcry ckm sdilkmcr y prlmuidrs ilktrbautdm tndbr sncrd tl tnbs

pndkljdkc` mdvd`lpjdkt, wnb`d tndsd bkirdcsds ncvd pusndm up tnd

mdjckm flr fbkbsndm stdd` ct c vdry stca`d rctd+ Bk 3223, c suastcktbc`

kujadr lf dilkljbi rdflrjs wdrd bktrlmuidm ay tnd Bkmbck glvdrkjdkt+

]ndsd rdflrjs allstdm tnd mdvd`lpjdkt prlidss lf c kujadr lf

bkmustrbds tnd stdd` bkmustry bk Bkmbc bk pcrtbiu`cr wnbin ncs

suasdqudkt`y mdvd`lpdm qubtd rcpbm`y+

Bk 3221, tnd tltc` ilksujptblk lf fbkbsndm stdd` wcs 3=+>= jb``blk tlkds +

Bk 1??>, tnd tltc` cjlukt lf mljdstbi stdd` ilksujptblk wcs =9+214 jb``blk

tlkds+ Wbtn tnd bkirdcsdm mdjckm bk tnd kctblkc` jcredt, c nugd pcrt lf tnd

bktdrkctblkc` jcredt bs c`sl sdrvdm ay tnbs bkmustry+ ]lmcy, Bkmbc bs bk sdvdktn

plsbtblk cjlkg c`` tnd irumd stdd` prlmuibkg iluktrbds+ ]nd tlp iljpckbds lf

tnd Bkmbck stdd` sditlr jlst`y lpdrctd bk flur mbffdrdkt flrjs `bed prlmuidrs lf

pbg brlk, prlmuidrs lf stcbk`dss stdd`, prlmuidrs lf fbkbsndm stdd` prlmuits, ckm

prlmuidrs lf sdjb*fbkbsndm stdd`+

]nd iljpckbds fukitblkc` bk tnd stdd` bkmustry lf Bkmbc crd altn pua`bi sditlr

iljpckbds ckm prbvctd sditlr iljpckbds+


31/68

93

Yljd lf tnd `dcmbkg iljpckbds bk Bkmbck stdd`

bkmustry crd cs fl``lws8]C]C Y]DD@ .]BYIL" 8 ]C]C BQLK & Y]DD@ ILJ_CKR 8

BQLK & Y]DD@ JCKTFCI]TQDQ ,_QLMTIDQ CKM YT__@BDQ LF

WBQD QLMY, ACQY, CKM Y]DD@ F@C]Y+

Y]DD@ CT]NLQB]R LF BKMBC8 JCKTFCI]TQDQ LF Y]DD@ CKM BQLK

HBKMC@ BQLK &Y]DD@ 8 _QLMTIDQ LF GC@VCKBXDM Y]DD@ _QLM

ALECQL Y]DD@ _@CK]8 Y]DD@ JCKTFCI]TQDQ+

DYYCQ Y]DD@ 8 _QLMTIDQ LF Y_LKGD BQLK, Y]DD@ CKM BQLK LQD _D@@D]Y+

HBKMC@ Y]DD@ &_LWDQ 8 JCKTFCI]TQDQ LF JB@M Y]DD@ Y@CAY CKM

Y_LKGD BQLK+

VBXCG Y]DD@ 8 _QLMTIDQ LF _BG BQLK CKM Y]DD@+

]nd rctd lf prlmuitblk lf stdd` bk Bkmbc ncs addk glbkg up ct c stdcmy rctd bk tnd `cst

fdw ydcrs+ Bk tnd rdidkt tbjds Lrbssc ckm Hncrenckm ncvd addk bmdktbfbdm cs tnd

pltdktbc` stdd` mdstbkctblks lf Bkmbc * tnd lkds tnct wlu`m prlvbmd tnd Bkmbck

stdd` bkmustry wbtn bts kdidsscry rcw jctdrbc`+ ]ndrd crd c`sl c kujadr lf stdd`iljpckbds bk Bkmbc `bed ]ctc ckm Crid`lr *Jbttc` tnct crd dbtndr iljbkg up lr ncvd

dstca`bsndm tndjsd`vds cs prljbkdkt flrids bk tnd wlr`m stdd` sidkcrbl+

Bk tnd rdidkt tbjds c `lt lf flrdbgk mbrdit bkvdstjdkt bs adbkg jcmd bk tnd Bkmbck

stdd` bkmustry+ Bk fcit tnd rctd lf bkvdstjdkt ncs bkirdcsdm bk tnd `cst fdw

ydcrs ckm, tl c idrtcbk dxtdkt, tnbs bkirdcsd ncs addk ilktrbautdm tl ay tnd

grlwtn pltdktbc` lf tnd stdd` bkmustry lf Bkmbc tnct bs tnlugnt lf cs adbkg

bjprdssbvd bk tnd bktdrkctblkc` stdd` ibri`d+

Bk tnd rdidkt ydcrs c kujadr lf jchlr stdd` ilrplrctblks lf tnd wlr`m ncvd iljd

f`liebkg tl Bkmbc tl cvcb` tnd adkdfbts lf tnd f`lurbsnbkg stdd` bkmustry lf Bkmbc+ ]nd

kujadr lf stdd` prlhdits bk Bkmbc ncs bkirdcsdm cs wd`` ckm tnbs bjp`bds tnct tnd

kujadr lf iljpckbds `bkbkg up tl pcrtbibpctd bk tndsd prlhdits wlu`m ad bkirdcsbkg

tll+


32/68

91

ALCQM LF JDJADQY8

JQ+QC]CK ]C]C* INCBQJCK

JQ+A+ JT]NTQCJCK* VBID INCBQJCK

JQ+BYNCC] NTYYCBK* ILJ_CKR

YDIQD]CQR

JQ+ HCILATY YINQCVDK* ALCQM

JDJADQ+

JQ+ CKMQDW QLAA* ALCQM JDJADQ

JQ+ Y+J+ _C@BC* ALCQM JDJADQ

JQ+ YTQDYN EQBYNKC* ALCQM JDJADQ

MQ+ ECQ@*T@QBIN ELDN@DQ* JCKCGBKG

MBQDI]LQ & IDL ]C]C Y]DD@ DTQL_D+

JQ+ N+J+ KDQTQECQ* JCKCGBKG

MBQDI]LQ, ]C]C Y]DD@ @]M+

JQ+ KTY@BK K+ WCMBC* ALCQM JDJADQ


33/68

99

]R_DY LF _QLMTI]8

CGQBIT@]TQC@ BJ_@DJDK]Y8

]C]C Y]DD@ jckufciturds supdrblr quc`bty cgrbiu`turc` bjp`djdkts tnrlugn bts

Cgrbil mbvbsblk frlj ]C]C nbgn icralk Ytdd`, cftdr usbkg c sbkg`d pbdid ay

flrgbkg+ ]nd nbgn quc`bty lf tnd prlmuit jceds tndj tnd 3st inlbid bk cgrbiu`turc`

dqubpjdkt prliurdjdkt altn bk pua`bi ckm bk prbvctd sditlr+

Fbg+ Cgrbiu`turc` bjp`djdkts .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"

ADCQBKG8C wbmd vcrbdty lf adcrbkg ckm cutl cssdja`bds crd jckufciturdm ct ]C]CY]DD@ ct bts adcrbkg mbvbsblk wbtn c prlmuitblk icpcibty lf 9? jb``blk adcrbkg

mbvbsblk wbtn c prlmuitblk icpcibty lf 9? jb``blk adcrbkg kujadrs pdr ckkuj+

]C]C adcrbkg ckm cutl iljplkdkts ncppdk tl ad tnd prdfdrrdm inlbid lf tnd

edy p`cydrs bk tnd tcrgdtdm bkmustry sdgjdkt+

Fbg+ Adcrbkg .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


34/68

9=

F@C] _QLMTI]8Gc`vckbzdm ilrrugctdm snddts ukmdr arckm kcjd ]C]C Yncetdd ncs

addk ilksbstdkt`y md`bvdrbkg lk bts prljbsds lf `lkgdvbty ckm strdkgtn

]C]C Y]DD@TJ, ckltndr prlmuit lf tnd p`ckt prlmuit mbvbsblk

ncppdks tl ad tnd wlr`ms 3st arckmdm il`m rl``dm stdd` ckm ncs c

strlkg prdsdkid bk tnd rdtcb` sdgjdkt tnrlugn dxi`usbvd snlps ic``dm

Yd`dkbuj zlkds+

@LKG _QLMTI]8]ndrjl Jdinckbic``y ]rdctdm .]J]"+ Qdacr frlj tnd `lkg _rlmuit

Mbvbsblk crd prlmuidm ukmdr tnd arckm kcjd ]bsilk ckm crd tnd 3st

lf bts ebkm tl ncvd addk bktrlmuidm bk Bkmbc ]bsilk ncs addk tnd 3st

rdacrbk tnd iluktry tl ad cwcrmdm tnd supdr arckm stctus bk tnd

ilkstckt rdacr ictdglry+

Fbg+ @lkg _rlmuits .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


35/68

94

_@CK] CKM DSTB_JDK]8

Ju`tbmbsibp`bkcry dkgbkddrbkg cpprlcin flr mdsbgk jckufciturd ckm

supp`y lf nbgn prdibsblk dqubpjdkt bs lffdrdm tl vcrblus bkmustrysditlr ay ]C]C Y]DD@s grlwtn snlp mbvbsblk sdrvbids bki`umd

drditblk ckm iljjbssblkbkg lf c`` typds lf dqubpjdkt bk p`ckts ckm

bkmustrbc` aub`mbkg bk cmmbtblk tl c wbmd vcrbdty lf hlas bk jctinbkg

ckm cssdja`y+

Fbg+ _`ckt .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


36/68

96

QCW JC]DQBC@Y8

Wbtn c idktury lf dxpdrbdkid bk sluribkg rcw jctdrbc` tnrlugn

sibdktbfbi rdsdcrin ckm mdvd`lpjdkt ckm sustcbkca`d jbkbkg, ]C]C

Y]DD@s tnrdd jcbk crdcs lf rcw jctdrbc`, lpdrctblk crd brlk* lrd,

inrljbtds ckm ilc`+ ]nd iljpckys `lkg tdrj strctdgy ncs addk

mdsbgkdm tl ncvd grdctdr ilktrl` lvdr rcw jctdrbc`+

Fbg+ Qcw Jctdrbc` .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


37/68

97

]TQAL8

_bpds jckufciturdm ay tnd iljpckys strctdgy ausbkdss ukbt ]C]C

]TADY, bs tnd jlst prljbkdkt arckm bk tnd bkmustry tlmcy wnbin bs

rdtcb`dm tnrlugn c wbmd mbstrbautblk kdtwlre+ C mddp`y tnlugnt lut

arckmbkg dxdribsd wcs ukmdr tcedk bk lrmdr tl uk`dcsn tnd plwdr lf tnd

]C]C _B_DY arckm bk tnd wd`mdm stdd`+

Fbg+ ]ural .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


38/68

9>

WBQDY8

Ytdd` wbrds ukmdr tnd arckm kcjd ]C]C Wbrlk iljprljbsd 9?$ lf

jcredt sncrd lf tnd lrgckbzdm wbrd jcredt bk Bkmbc+ C wbmd rckgd lf

wbrds jckufciturdm ay ]C]C Y]DD@s wbrd mbvbsblk ictdr tl tnd

kddms lf tnd vcrblus bkmustry sdgjdkts suin cs cutljlab`ds,

bkfrcstruiturd, plwdr ckm gdkdrc` dkgbkddrbkg+

Fbg+]C]C wbrds .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


39/68

92

]DINKL@LGR

C il``calrctbvd cpprlcin, irlss*fdrtb`bzctblk lf adttdr prcitbids ckm

tdinkl`lgy caslrptblk tnrlugn bktdgrctblk lf prlidssds ncvd `dm tl

jdcsurca`d rdsu`ts bk tnd ]ctc Ytdd` Grlups pdrflrjckid bk tnd mbrditblk

lf ilktbkulus bjprlvdjdkt+

Fbg+ Jl`tdk Brlk .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


40/68

=?

DCF .d ditrbi cri furkcid"

]nd icpbtc` ilsts bkvl`vdm bk DCF bs `lwdr cs iljpcrdm tl ALF .Acsbi

Lxygdk Furkcid"+ Jlmdrk DCF ncs fdcturds suin cs nbgn trcksflrjdricpcibty, Lxygdk `ckids, Lxy fud` aurkdrs, ilc` bkhditblk systdj,

alttlj purgd nl`ds, wctdr ill`dm alxds calvd tnd s`cg `bkd, wctdr ill`dm

rllf, DA] .diidktrbi alttlj tcp nl`d", Incrgd nlppdrs wbtn vbarctlrs dti+

tl bjprlvd prlmuitbvbty+ ]l rdmuid tnd plwdr ilksujptblk, nlt MQB

.mbrdit`y rdmuidm brlk" incrgbkg fcib`bty bs cvcb`ca`d bk jlmdrk furkcids+

DCF prlidss usds prdmljbkckt`y sircp+ MQB bs usdm wndk tnd sircp bs klt

cvcb`ca`d+

C kdw prlidss, wnbin bs eklwk cs ILKCQI ncs addk mdvd`lpdm ay

YJY* MDJCG+ Bt djp`lys nlt jdtc`, sircp ckm MQB tl mbffdrdkt

prlplrtblks cs pdr tndbr cvcb`cab`bty+

Fbg++ @bqubm brlk frlj tnd furkcid .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


41/68

=3

ALF .`m _rlidss"

ALF bs c vdry wbmd`y usdm? prlidss ckm mlds klt rdqubrd dxtdrkc` ndct,

cs tnd prlidss utb`bsds tnd ndct gdkdrctdm ay tnd dxltndrjbi rdcitblks

murbkg tnd jd`tbkg lpdrctblk+ Nlt jdtc` ckm sircp crd usdm flr jd`tbkg+

Lxygdk bs a`lwk tnrlugn c ju`tb*nl`d `ckid tl icrry lut tnd rdfbkbkg

lpdrctblk+ Jlmdrk ilkvdrtdrs ncvd tudydrs ct tnd alttlj tnrlugn

wnbin Crglk lr Kbtrlgdk gcs bs purgdm+

Bkstrujdktctblk bk @M ncs bjprlvdm flr adttdr prlmuitbvbty+

Mdvd`lpjdkts bkiùmd adttdr ju`tb*nl`d `ckids, bjprlvdjdkt lf a`lw

prlfb`d ay jctndjctbic` jlmd`s, ckm usd lf Jcg*icra arbies tl

bjprlvd tnd `bkbkg `bfd+

Yljd lf tnd mdvd`lpjdkts bk stdd` jcebkg prlidss ct ]ctc Ytdd` bkiùmd

c" Ytcie tdjpdrcturd jdcsurdjdkts, a" subtca`d fùx prcitbids, i"

bkstc``ctblk lf sua `ckid, m" Mdvd`lpjdkt lf YJCQ] `ckid, d"

prcitbids tl cvlbm tnd ilkvdrtdr s`cg bk tl stdd` `cm`d ct tnd tbjd lf tcp,f" Cutl c``ly cmmbtblks, g" alttlj purgbkg lf stdd` `cm`d dti+

Ydilkmcry rdfbkbkg tdinkl`lgy flr tnd prlmuitblk lf spdibc` grcmd

stdd`s ncs addk bktrlmuidm+ ]nbs bkiùmds @cm`d rdfbkbkg, ICY,

Vciuuj rdfbkbkg suin cs QN ckm Ytrdcj Mdgcssbkg, CLM ckm icìbuj

trdctjdkt dti+

Ilktbkulus Icstbkg ]dinkl`lgy

Ilktbkulus icstbkg tdinkl`lgy ncs rdp`cidm bkglt tdinkl`lgy, rdsu`tbkgbk nbgndr ybd`m ckm c suastcktbc` bkirdcsd bk prlmuitbvbty ckm quc`bty+]nbk s`ca icstbkg ckm strbp icstbkg ncvd c`sl addk mdvd`lpdm tl rdmuidlvdrc`` IC_D^ ilst lf stdd` prlmuitblk+


42/68

=1

Nlt Ql``bkg ]dinkl`lgy8

Mdvd`lpjdkts bk Nlt rl``bkg tdinkl`lgbds bkiùmd8

Yljd lf tnd cmvckidjdkts bk s`ca rdndctbkg tdinkl`lgy bkiùmd c" mdvd`lpjdkt

lf nbgn icpcibty rdndctbkg furkcids,a" mdvd`lpjdkt lf ndct jlmd`s, i" wcèbkg adcj ilkidpt flr ukbflrj ndctbkg, m"

ctjlspndrd ilktrl` .$ Lxygdk" murbkg ndctbkg, d" ju`tb fud` aurkdrs, f"

mdvd`lpjdkt lf tukkd` furkcid tdinkl`lgy dti+

Bjp`djdktctblk lf Nbgn pdrflrjckid mdsic`drs .Wctdr prdssurd8 1?? =4? acr"

flr adttdr rdjlvc` lf furkcid sic`d prblr tl rl``bkg+

Bkstbtutbkg Vdrtbic` Dmgdrs ckm snlrt strled nymrcu`bi iy`bkmdrs flr adttdr wbmtn

ilktrl` lf tnd fbkbsndm prlmuit+

Mdvd`lpjdkt lf Ydjb NYY ckm lb` ùarbictblk bk bjprlvbkg tnd prlmuitbvbty ckm

quc`bty pdrflrjckid lf tnd rlugnbkg stckm lf tnd nlt strbp jb``+

Fbg+Nlt rl``bkg tdinkl`lgy+ .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


43/68

=9

Il`m Ql``bkg ]dinkl`lgy8

Mdvd`lpjdkts bk Il`m Ql``bkg tdinkl`lgbds bkiùmd8

Bktrlmuitblk lf ndct snbd`m, dmgd ndctbkg ay Bkmuitblk ndctdrs prblr tl

fbkbsn rl``bkg, sdjb ilktbkulus rl``bkg, ilb` alx dti+

Yljd lf tnd mdvd`lpjdkts bjp`djdktdm bk tnd fbkbsnbkg jb`` bkiùmd8

l Ilktbkulus`y vcrbca`d irlwk

l Ql`` adkmbkg Ql`` snbftbkg

l Jb`` ùarbictblk tl rdmuid tnd rl``bkg `lcm

l Tsd lf NYY rl``s flr `lkgdr icjpcbgk `bfd ckm adttdr prlmuit surfcid

quc`bty

l Bktdr*strckm ill`bkg Iljp`dtd`y cutljctdm rl``bkg wbtn sdilkm

`dvd` cutljctblk systdj

l Ylpnbstbictdm jdcsurbkg nlusd flr wbmtn, tnbiekdss ckm f`ctkdss

ilktrl`

l QL] ill`bkg jlmd`s

l Qlaust ilb`drs flr wbkmbkg nbgn strdkgtn stdd`s

l IY_ jb``s ncvd addk mdvd`lpdm tl rl`` wbmdr tnbkkdr gcugd stdd`s+

Yurfcid Bkspditblk Yystdj bs prdsdkt bk nlt strbp jb``s tl cbm tnd

bkspditblk ckm quc`bty idrtbfbictblk prlidss Fdrrbtbi rl``bkg bs c prlidss

tdinkl`lgy, wnbin ncs addk mdvd`lpdm tl rl`` tnbk slft quc`bty grcmds+


44/68

==

Mdvd`lpjdkt lf 6 NB jb``s flr rl``bkg ilb`s wbtn dxid``dkt sncpd

ilktrl`+ ]ndsd jb``s cinbdvd ndcvy rdmuitblk pdr pcss .nbgndr

prlmuitbvbty" wbtn gllm tnbiekdss ckm f`ctkdss ilktrl`s+

_@]IJ .pbie`bkg `bkd ckm ]ckmdj Il`m jb``" ilkvdrts nlt rl``dm ilb`s

tl il`m rl``s ilktbkulus`y bk c vdry snlrt pdrblm lf tbjd+ Nbgn

_rlmuitbvbty ckm gllm quc`bty crd cinbdvdm bk tndsd jb``s+ ]nd jlmdrk

jb``s ncvd cutl sncpd ckm nymrcu`bic``y ilktrl``dm CGI .cutl gcugd

ilktrl`"+

_@]IJ ncs TI .ukbvdrsc` irlwk" irlwk tl cinbdvd adttdr f`ctkdss+

Wlre rl``s ckm tnd bktdrjdmbctd rl``s crd adkt tl latcbk tnd mdsbrdm rl``

gcp prlfb`d+

Mdvd`lpjdkts bk _bie`bkg ]dinkl`lgbds8

_bie`bkg fcib`bty bs dqubppdm wbtn tdksblk `dvd``dr tl `llsdk tnd sic`d

ckm bjprlvd tnd strbp sncpd prblr tl pbie`bkg+ Nlt nymrlin`lrbi cibm bs

usdm tl latcbk iljp`dtd rdjlvc` lf surfcid sic`d lf nlt rl``dm ilb` prblr

tl il`m rl``bkg+ Yljd lf tnd jlmdrk pbie`bkg `bkds usd ]ural pbie`bkg

tl ncstdk tnd sic`d rdjlvc`+

Ybkg`d stckm rdvdrsbkg jb``s crd cvcb`ca`d flr tnd prlmuitblk `dvd` lf

1?? ??? ]_C+ ]ypbic` icpcibty lf _@]IJ bs calut 3+14 tl 1+? J]_C+]nd ilkidpt lf twbk stckm jb`` ncs addk mdvd`lpdm tl jddt tnd

bktdrjdmbctd prlmuitblk icpcibty crlukm ?+=?+> J]_C+

]nd rl``bkg jb``s usd rl``bkg lb`s .stca`d jdtcstca`d ukstca`d" lf

mbffdrdkt quc`bty mdpdkmbkg lk tnd jb`` mdsbgk ckm prlmuit jbx+


45/68

=4

Jlmdrk pbie`bkg ukbts crd dqubppdm wbtn CQ_ .cibm rdgdkdrctblk p`ckt"

tl rdgdkdrctd tnd cibm tndrday rdmuibkg pl``utblk+

Ybkg`d stckm rdvdrsbkg jb``s crd cvcb`ca`d flr tnd prlmuitblk `dvd` lf

1?? ???]_C+ ]ypbic` icpcibty lf _@]IJ bs calut 3+14 tl 1+? J]_C+

]nd ilkidpt lf twbk stckm jb`` ncs glt mdvd`lpdm tl jddt tnd

bktdrjdmbctd prlmuitblk icpcibty crlukm ?+=?+> J]_C+

]nd rl``bkg jb``s usd rl``bkg lb`s .stca`d jdtcstca`d ukstca`d" lf

mbffdrdkt quc`bty mdpdkmbkg lk tnd jb`` mdsbgk ckm prlmuit jbx+

D`ditrl`ytbi i`dckbkg `bkd rdjlvds tnd rl``bkg lb`, wnbin bs prdsdkt lk

tnd il`m rl``dm surfcid+ ]nd fcib`bty nd`ps tl cinbdvd i`dck ckm arbgnt

surfcid cftdr il`m rl``bkg+

Mdvd`lpjdkts bk Ckkdc`bkg ]dinkl`lgbds8

]ndrd crd twl typds lf ckkdc`bkg Actin Ckkdc`bkg ckm Ilktbkulus

Ckkdc`bkg+ Actin Ckkdc`bkg bs inlsdk wndk tnd vl`ujd bkvl`vdm pdr

sbzd bs sjc`` .frcgjdktdm lrmdrs"+Murbkg ckkdc`bkg, c prltditbvd gcs

suin cs NK^ .=*6$ Nymrlgdk wbtn ac`ckid kbtrlgdk" lr 3??$

Nymrlgdk bs ibriu`ctdm adtwddk tnd ilb`s ckm tnd prltditbvd ilvdr tl

fcib`btctd ckkdc`bkg+ _urd Nymrlgdk bs prdfdrrdm bk jlmdrk ckkdc`bkg

furkcids adicusd lf supdrblr ndct trcksfdr5 nbgndr ckkdc`bkg acsdprlmuitbvbty ckm gllm IQ surfcid quc`bty+ Ilktbkulus ckkdc`bkg `bkd

gdkdrc``y ncs icpcibty ?+4? 3+? J]_C+ Adicusd lf nbgndr

prlmuitbvbty, jcky bktdgrctdm stdd` p`ckts prdfdr ilktbkulus ckkdc`bkg+

]nd jdinckbic` prlpdrtbds ckm surfcid quc`bty lf IQ ilb`s crd gllm ckm


46/68

=6

ilksbstdkt+ Bf tnd IQJ iljp`dx ncs _@]IJ ckm IC@, tnd nlt rl``dm

ilb` bs ilkvdrtdm bktl IQ bk `dss tnck lkd nlur+

Nbgn strdkgtn stdd`s ick ad prlmuidm ay lk`y IC@ prlidss+

Gc`vckbsbkg bs c prlidss ay wnbin tnd stdd` bs ilctdm ay pcssbkg bt

tnrlugn c jl`tdk zbki actn+ ]nd ilctbkg tnbiekdss bs ilktrl``dm ay

wbpbkg wbtn cbr lr kbtrlgdk, wndk tnd strbp iljds lut lf tndzbki actn+

Xbki ilctbkg lk stdd` prdvdkts tnd ilrrlsblk lf brlk ay scirbfbibc`

prltditblk .Ictnlmbi _rltditblk"+

Fbg++ Ckkdc`bkg ]dinkl`lgy .Ylurid8 Bktdrkdt"


47/68

=7

FLTKMDQY LF ]C]C Y]DD@

]ndrd bs c mbffdrdkid adtwddk jcebkg jlkdy flr lkdsd`f ckm irdctbkgwdc`tn flr ltndrs+ ]nbs bs c stlry lf c ausbkdss nlusd tnct ncs irdctdm

wdc`tn flr c kctblk+ Bt bs stlry lf strugg`d, cmvdkturd ckm cinbdvdjdkt+

]nbs tnd stlry lf ]C]C Y]DD@ _BLKDDQY+

HCJYNDMHB KTYYDQWCKHB ]C]C.3>92*32?="

Nd wcs c vbsblkcry adnbkm ]ctc Ytdd`+ Nd rdc`bzdm

tnct Bkmbck rdc` frddmlj mdpdkm uplk bts sd`f suffbibdkiy bk sibdktbfbi

eklw`dmgd , plwdr ckm stdd` ,tnus mdvltdm tnd jchlr pcrt lf nbs `bfd, ckm

nbs flrtukd tl tnrdd grdct dktdrprbsds ]nd Bkmbck Bkstbtutd lf Yibdkid ctAckg`lrd ,tnd Nymrl d`ditrbi sindjds ckm tnd Brlk &Ytdd` wlres ct

Hcjsndmpur+

H+K ]ctc ncm dxnlrtdm tl nbs slks tl pursud ckm mdvd`lp nbs `bfds wlre 8

nbs d`mdr slk,Ybr Mlrcahb ]ctc.3>42*3299" icrrbdm lut tnd adqudst wbtn

sirupu`lus zdc` ckm mbstbkitblk + ]nus , dvdk tnlugn bt wcs Hcjsndmhb

]ctc wnl ncm dkvbsblkdm tnd jcjjltn prlhdits,bt wcs bk fcit Mlrcahb

]ctc wnl cituc``y arlugnt tnd vdkturds tl dxbstdkid ckm frubtblk+ Nd wcs

tnd fbrst incbrjck lf tnd gbgcktbi ]ctc Dktdrprbsds+


48/68

=>

Bt wcs bk 32?7 tnct tnd vb``cgd lf Yceinb wcs mbsilvdrdm ct tnd ilkf`udkid

lf twl rbvdrs, Yuacrkcrdenc ckm Encrencb ckm tnd rcb`wcys stctblk lf

Ec`bjctb+]nd ]C]C BQLK CKM Y]DD@ BKMTY]QR wcs f`lctdm+

YBQ MLQCAHB ]C]C.3>42*3299"

Ybr Mlrcahb ]ctc .3>42*3299" icrrbdm lut tnd adqudst wbtn

sirupu`lus zdc` ckm mbstbkitblk+ ]nus, dvdk tnlugn bt wcs Hcjsdthb ]ctc wnl ncmdkvbsblkdm tnd jcjjltn prlhdits, bt wcs bk fcit Mlrca ]ctc wnl cituc``y arlugnt

tnd vdkturds tl dxbstdkid ckm frubtblk+ Nd wcs tnd fbrst Incbrjck lf tnd gbgcktbi

]ctc dktdrprbsds+ Nd ncm c mddp bktdrdst bk pdlp`d+ ]nd grdct `calur strbed bk 321? bk

Hcjsndmpur dkmdm bk c mcy mud tl nbs bktdrvdktblk+ Bt mdjlkstrctdm Bkmbc ilu`m ncvd

kl adttdr djp`lydr lf `calur tnck Ybr Mlrca+

HDNCKGBQ QC]CKHB MCMCANCB ]C]C.32?=*3229"

H+Q+M+ ]ctc ncs addk lkd lf tnd grdctdst aub`mdrs ckm pdrslkc`btbds

lf jlmdrk Bkmbc bk tnd twdktbdtn idktury+

Nd cssujdm Incbrjcksnbp lf ]ctc Ytdd` ct tnd ylukg cgd lf 9=, aut nbs incrbsjctbi,mbsibp`bkdm ckm flrwcrm `llebkg `dcmdrsnbp lvdr kdxt 4? ydcrs `dm tnd ]C]C

GQLT_ tl kdw ndbgnt lf cinbdvdjdkt , dxpcksblk ckm jlmdrkbzctblk+

Nbs sty`d lf jckcgdjdkt wcs tl pbie tnd adst pdrslk flr tnd hla ct nckm ckm `dt nbj

ncvd tnd `ctbtumd tl icrry lut tnd hla+Nd wcs kdvdr bktdrdstdm flr Jbirl*

Jckcgdjdkt+ Bt wcs nd wnl zdrldm bk lk Yujckt Jll`gclecr,tnd dkgbkddrbkg

gdkbus wnl sussdssfu``y stddrdm lur iljpcky flr jcky ydcrs+Nd wcs c vbsblkcry


49/68

=2

wnlsd tnbkebkg cs fcr cndcm lf nbs tbjd,wnbin nd`pdm ]ctc Grlup `cukinbkg bts

lwk Cbr`bkd, klw eklwk cs Cbr Bkmbc+Nd wcs cwcrmdm tnd iluktrys nbgndst ibvb`bck

nlklur, ]nd Ancrct Qctkc bk 3221+

QC]CK KCVC@ ]C]C

Qctck Kcvc` ]ctc wcs alrk lk Mdidjadr 1>,3297, bkYurct+ Nd bs tnd prdsdkt incbrjck lf ]ctc Grlup , Bkmbcs `crgdst

ilkg`ljdrctd flukmdm ay Hcjsndmhb ]ctc ckm ilksl`bmctdm ckm dxpckmdm

ay `ctdr gdkdrctblk lf nbs fcjb`y+ Nd bs lkd lf tnd jlst wd`` eklwk ckm

rdspditdm bkmustrbc`bsts bk Bkmbc+

Qctck ]ctc iljp`dtdm nbs mdgrdd bk crinbtditurd wbtn struiturc`

dkgbkddrbkg frlj Ilrkd`` ukbvdrsbty bk 3261, ckm tnd cmvckid

jckcgdjdkt _rlgrcj frlj Ncrvcrm Ausbkdss Yinll` bk 3274+ Nd hlbkdm

]ctc Grlup bk Mdidjadr 3261 lk tnd cmvbid lf HQM ]ctc+

Nbs cinbdvdjdkt ncvd addk tnd ciqubsbtblk lf Ilrus Grlup ,ckm Ckg`l*

Mutin stdd` ckm c`ujbkbuj prlmuidr+ ]nbs ciqubsbtblk ncs jcmd ]ctc

Ytdd` tnd fbfbtn `crgdst lf stdd` bk tnd wlr`m+


50/68

4?

Cwcrms & Qdilgkbtblks

_ursubt flr pdrfditblk ncs arlugnt rdwcrmbkg rdsu`ts+ ]nd mbvbsblkncs addk ilksbstdkt`y wbkkbkg c sdrbds lf prdstbgblus cwcrms altn

kctblkc` ckm bktdrkctblkc`+ Flr tnrdd suiidssbvd ydcrs, ]ctcAdcrbkgs ncs wlk tnd H+ K+ ]ctc Suc`bty Cwcrm, tnd Iljpcky'sjlst prdstbgblus cwcrm flr ]ltc` Suc`bty Jckcgdjdkt ct tndiljpcky `dvd`+ ]nd rdilgkbtblks ncvd klt lk`y dkilurcgdmgrdctdr prlmuitbvbty wbtnbk tnd Mbvbsblk, aut ncvd glkd c `lkg wcybk wbkkbkg ckm dknckibkg iustljdr ilkfbmdkid+

]ctc Adcrbkgs Cwcrms & Qdilgkbtblks


51/68

43

Yupp`bdr lf tnd ydcr 1??6

Gl`m Cwcrm frlj ]lyltc Ebr`lsecr


52/68

41

XDQL __J

XDQL __J frlj ]lyltc Ebr`lsecr Jltlrs


53/68

49

Cwcrm & Qdilgkbtblks

]ctc Adcrbkgs Cwcrms & Qdilgkbtblks


54/68

4=

Gl`mdk _dcilie Cwcrm

ctc Adcrbkgs Cwcrms & Qdilgkbtblks


55/68

44

_rlmuit _rlfb`d

]ndrd crd twl iljjlk typds lf

cutljltbvd wndd` adcrbkgs usdm+

Wndd` nua+++

=?? 9?? * 31e

Yupp`y wndd` nua ukbts flr

vcrblus arckm icrs+ Wd ncvd

jlrd tnck =4? typds+++

4?? 94? * 11e

14jj Wndd` Nua Adcrbkg+

Nbgn quc`bty adcrbkg flr

14jj wndd` nuas

492 4>4 * 4>e

Yupp`y wndd` nua ukbts flr

vcrblus arckm icrs+ Wd ncvd

jlrd tnck =4? typds+++

4?? 94? * 1?e

wndd` adcrbkg pu``dradcrbkg

pu``drnymrcu`bi adcrbkg pu``dr

]ypds8 R@ +++

=94 =26 * 3>e

Wd ick supp`y c`` ebkms lf

wndd` nua adcrbkgs frlj tnd

mbjdksblk lf+++

==> =42 * 14e

]ypd8Nua Adcrbkg Bksbmd

mbcjdtdr894jj+ Lutsbmd

mbcjdtdr864jj+

Ndbgnt83>+3jj

919 1?? * 33e

Wd ncvd jlrd tnck =4? typds

lf 3st gdkdrctblk wndd` nua

adcrbkgs, +++

9?? 19> * 17e

Ql``drAdcrbkg,Wndd` Nua

Adcrbkg,]dksblkdr & Bm`dr

Adcrbkg,Wctdr _ujp +++

>?? 6?? * 7=e

Wndd` Adcrbkgs crd mlua`d

rlw ckgu`cr ilktcit ac``

adcrbkgs+ Dcin wndd` nua+++

464 =1? * 1>e

Wd prlmuid jlrd tnck =4?

typds lf 3st gdkdrctblk

wndd` adcrbkgs, +++

=6= =19 * 1=e

B wlkmdr bf tndrd crd twl typds

lf frlzdk nuas, tnlsd stuie lk

tnd sp`bkdm +++

3?1= >32 * 39=e

NTA Adcrbkgs

6?? =?? * =4e

+++typds lf Cutljltbvd &

Cutljlab`d Wndd` Nua

Tkbt,Cutl Wndd` Nua

Adcrbkgs+++

6?? 1>3 * 3=ewndd` nua adcrbkg ukbt flr

]LRL]C 8 Vcrblus typds

ckm sbzds lf cutljlab`d +++

66? 66? * 79e

Qd8 Yup*r*`uad adcrbkg nuas .

adcrbkg aummy typds"

4?6 =1s? * 91e
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summer project 15 june to 31 july

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