summary of lecture 1
DESCRIPTION
Summary of Lecture 1. Introduction to Earth’s atmosphere origin composition structure comparison with other planets Stefan’s law. Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Sun ~ 6000 K UV/vis λ max ~0.6 μ m Solar flux =1370 Wm -2 S (1- α )/4= σ T E 4 Earth ~ 255 K IR λ max ~ 12 μ m. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Summary of Lecture 1
• Introduction to Earth’s atmosphere– origin– composition– structure– comparison with other planets
• Stefan’s law
44 1sT S
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Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
Sun ~ 6000 K
UV/vis max~0.6m
Solar flux =1370 Wm-2
S (1-)/4=TE4
Earth ~ 255 K
IR max~ 12m
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UV absorptionInfraRed
UVa /Visible
UVb
UVc
DUV
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Absorption by atmospheric gases
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Radiation Balance
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Notes:• Surface has Ts=288 K and radiates Ts
4 = 400 Wm-2 (117 units).
• Atmosphere at 250 K radiates 220 Wm-2 (64 units), both up and down.
• 30% of surface radiation is reflected by the atmosphere (32 units), giving a total downward flux of 96 units.
• Non-radiative flux of 100 Wm-2 (30 units) drives the atmospheric circulation and weather
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Seasonal net IR radiation
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Global Climate
Net short, long and global radiation entering and leaving the top of our atmosphere measured by satellite.
Data are from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
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Global Warming
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Global temperatures 1880-2015
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Change in extent of Arctic sea ice
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Rising CO2 levels
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0
50
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150
200
250
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350
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
700
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CO
2 c
on
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trati
on
p
pm
Carbon dioxide concentrationin the atmosphere, due to three emissions scenarios
Business as usual emissionsConstant 1990 emissions50% reduction in emissions
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Global temperature riseG
lob
al t
em
pe
ratu
re r
ise,
deg
ree
s C IPCC A1FI emissions
A2 emissionsB2 emissionsB1 emissions
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Components of sea-level rise
Hadley Centre
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Pattern of annual temperature changes
2080s relative to present dayA1FI emissions scenario
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Met Office / Hadley Centre
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Temperature riseMedium-high emissions scenario, 2080s
winter summer
°C
Hadley Centre Hadley Centre
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Pattern of annual precipitation changes
2080s relative to present day
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3–0.5 0.5–0.25 0.250
A1FI emissions scenarioMet Office / Hadley Centre
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Change in precipitation
%
winter summer
Medium-high emissions scenario, 2080s
Hadley Centre Hadley Centre
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Change in surface temperature with forced THC collapse, but without change in greenhouse
gases
Deg C
Hadley Centre