summary€¦ · lesson 4: new approaches to civil rights (pp. 447-451) c19,l4 key reading...

Dr. Hartnell’s “The American Overhaul” Unit picks up in 1960

with the country awakening from the self-induced coma that was

the “Fabulous” Fifties and realizing that the past 10 years had

done nothing but distract it from major social and political is-

sues that required immediate attention. Minority groups, which

had been pushed aside and ignored for decades, were primed for a

change so powerful it would rattle the nation to its very core.

A simple act of defiance in Montgomery, Alabama soon sparked the

world’s most powerful movement for civil rights. A century after

Lincoln’s prophetic comments that “a house divided against it-

self cannot stand”, America underwent yet another major over-

haul. Presidential initiatives, judicial rulings, and social

protest during the 1960s created a climate of rebellion, con-

frontation, and upheaval not seen since the American Revolution.

This new generation of Americans rejected conformist lifestyles,

battled discrimination, expanded free expression, challenged

tradition, blasted the placidity of the previous decade, and,

for better or worse, dispelled the widespread respect for gov-

ernment that had prevailed since World War II. With such rest-

lessness at home, the U.S. struggled to remain superior to the

Soviets as it battled communism around the globe. When a devas-

tating conflict in Southeast Asia limped to an ignominious end

in 1975, America found itself on the eve of its Bicentennial...

but rather than celebrate 200 years of freedom, the country

found that its once rising sun was beginning to set.

Summary

01

Reading Assignment #1

Read the following pages in the course textbook to locate the

key vocabulary and answer the questions below.

Chapter 15: The New Frontier & The Great Society Lesson 1: The New Frontier (pp. 362-366)

C15,L1 KEY READING VOCABULARY:

a. missile gap:

b. reapportionment:

c. due process:

C15,L1 KEY READING QUESTIONS:

1. How was the Presidential Election of 1960 different from

earlier campaigns?

2. What domestic policies made up JFK’s New Frontier?

3. How did the Supreme Court’s rulings in Baker v. Carr (1962)

and Reynolds v. Sims (1964) change state politics?

4. How did the Supreme Court’s decisions in Mapp v. Ohio

(1961), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Escobedo v. Illinois

(1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact due process?

02




Chapter 15: The New Frontier & The Great Society Lesson 2: JFK & The Cold War (pp. 367-371)


a. flexible response:

b. space race:


1. How was President JFK’s “flexible response” different from

President Eisenhower’s strategy for containing communism?

2. Why was the space race so important to the U.S.?

3. What was the most important foreign policy event during

JFK’s presidency? Why was it the most important event?

4. What effect did JFK’s assassination have on how his

presidency is remembered?

03




Chapter 15: The New Frontier & The Great Society Lesson 3: The Great Society (pp. 372-375)


a. consensus:

b. subsidy:


1. What parts of President Johnson’s congressional background

helped him get his legislation approved?

2. Using the chart at the top of page #374, which Great Society

program do you think had the most effect on American life?

Why do you think so?

3. How did establishing the Medicare program reflect the ideas

of the Great Society programs?

4. What factors motivated President Johnson to try to help

Americans living in poverty?

04




Chapter 16: The Civil Rights Movement Lesson 1: The Movement Begins (pp. 380-385)


a. “separate but equal”:

b. de facto segregation:


1. What techniques did the Civil Rights Movement use to

challenge segregation?

2. Why was the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education so

important? What previous court case did it overturn?

3. How did the Montgomery Bus Boycott create a mass movement for

change?

4. Why was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. so effective in getting

his message across?

05




Chapter 16: The Civil Rights Movement Lesson 2: Challenging Segregation (pp. 386-391)


a. filibuster:

b. cloture:


1. What were the goals of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee?

2. How did the Kennedy Administration’s Justice Department help

the Civil Rights Movement?

3. How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allow the Federal

Government to fight racial discrimination?

4. What impact did the Selma March and the brutal response of

local police have on public opinion of the C.R. Movement?

06




Chapter 16: The Civil Rights Movement Lesson 3: New Civil Rights Issues (pp. 392-395)


a. racism:

b. black power:


1. Why did riots break out in many cities in the late 1960s?

2. What attracted many young African-Americans to the Black

Power Movement? What role did Malcolm X play in this?

3. How did the Black Power Movement lead many people away from

Dr. King’s message of nonviolent disobedience and the goal

of integration?

4. In what way was Dr. King’s “mountaintop” speech prophetic?

How did his death affect the Civil Rights Movement?

07




Chapter 17: The Vietnam War Lesson 1: Going to War in Vietnam (pp. 400-405)


a. Domino Theory:

b. guerilla:

c. napalm:

d. Agent Orange:


1. Why did the U.S. provide aid to the French in Indochina?

2. How did U.S. involvement in Vietnam change during the Kennedy

and Johnson Administrations?

3. Read the two opinions at the bottom of page #403. What is the

fundamental difference between Ball and Kennan?

4. What military tactics were used by the Vietcong? How did U.S.

troops respond?

08




Chapter 17: The Vietnam War Lesson 2: Vietnam Divides the Nation (pp. 406-409)


a. credibility gap:

b. teach-in:

c. dove:

d. hawk:


1. Using the chart on page #407, in what year did opposition to

the Vietnam War peak? What consequence did this have?

2. How does the Supreme Court’s decision in Tinker v. Des Moines

(1965) affect your right to wear to school a t-shirt

supporting a cause you believe in?

3. Why was 1968 considered the most turbulent year of the 1960s?

4. Why was the Tet Offensive a turning point in the Vietnam War?

09




Chapter 17: The Vietnam War Lesson 3: The War Winds Down (pp. 410-413)


a. linkage:

b. Vietnamization:


1. How did the invasion of Cambodia lead to the shootings at

Kent State University on May 4, 1970?

2. How did the “Christmas bombings” help put an end to U.S.

involvement in Vietnam?

3. How was the political and cultural aftermath of the Vietnam

War different from previous international conflicts?

4. Why did Daniel Ellsberg leak classified documents, known as

the Pentagon Papers, to the press in 1971?

5. How did the American public treat returning Vietnam veterans?

How are these veterans treated today?

10




Chapter 18: The Politics of Protest Lesson 1: Students & The Counterculture (pp. 418-420)


a. counterculture:

b. hippies:

c. communes:


1. How were the protest techniques used by the student

protestors similar to those of the Civil Rights Movement?

How were they different?

2. What did “conformity” mean to hippies in the 1960s?

3. How did the types of clothes worn by hippies express the

counterculture’s way of thinking?

4. How did the counterculture movement affect the nation?

11




Chapter 18: The Politics of Protest Lesson 2: The Feminist Movement (pp. 421-425)


a. feminism:


1. How did the success of the Civil Rights Movement encourage

women to organize?

2. What was one effect that Gloria Steinem had on the Feminist

Movement?

3. What was the Equal Rights Amendment? Why did the ERA fail to

be ratified?

4. Explain the impact each of the following had on women and

American society:

A. Equal Pay Act (1963):

B. Title IX (1972):

C. Roe v. Wade (1973):

12




Chapter 18: The Politics of Protest Lesson 3: Latino-Americans Organize (pp. 426-429)


a. repatriation:

b. bilingualism:


1. Why did many Mexicans migrate to the U.S. from the early to

mid-1900s? How did this affect American society?

2. How was the Latino approach to gaining civil rights similar

to African-Americans during the Civil Rights Movement?

How was it different?

3. Why did Cesar Chavez care so much about farm laborers’

rights?

4. How did groups such as the United Farm Workers and La Raza

Unida promote Latino civil rights?

13

Essential Questions (EQs)

Using the Guided Notes, class lectures/discussions, and reading

assignments, answer the following 20 Essential Questions. The

unit test will assess your mastery of each of these EQs.

EQ 5.01

The 1960s have often been called “revolutionary”. Determine if

this is a valid assessment by answering these questions:

A. What is a revolution? (Be sure to include political and

social revolutions in your explanation.)

B. What are some examples of political and social events

during the 1960s that could be categorized as “revolutionary”?

C. How did the “Counterculture Revolution” result from the

social and political factors of the 1950s? (In other words, how

did the suppression of ideas and culture during the 1950s result

in a cultural explosion during the 1960s?)

14

EQ 5.02

Explain these key items/events of the Civil Rights Movement:

A. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) – What was the ruling?

What impact did it have on society?

B. Reconstruction (1865-1877) – What happened during this time?

C. 13th, 14th & 15th Amendments – What do each of these say?

D. Jim Crow laws – Why were they created? What impact did they

have? Provide an example of one.

E. Scottsboro Boys - What happened? What impact did this have?

F. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – What was the ruling? What impact

did it have on society?

G. NAACP – What do the letters mean? What does it do?

H. W.E.B. Du Bois – For what is he known?


15

EQ 5.03

Explain these key people/items/events of the Civil Rights

Movement:

A. Thurgood Marshall – For what is he known?

B. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) – What was the

ruling? What impact did it have on society?

C. Orval Faubus & “The Little Rock 9” – Who was Faubus? Who were

the “9”? How were they connected?

D. KKK – What do the letters means? What role did it play then?

What role does it play today?

E. Emmett Till – For what is he known?

F. Jackie Robinson – For what is he known?

G. Rosa Parks – For what is she known? What role did she play in



16

EQ 5.04


Movement:

A. Martin Luther King, Jr. – For what is he known? What role did

he play in the Civil Rights Movement?

B. Montgomery Bus Boycott – When was it? Why was it done?

What did it accomplish?

C. Nonviolent resistance & “Soul Force” (including: Jesus

Christ, Henry David Thoreau, A. Phillip Randolph & Mahatma

Gandhi) – What is it? What attributes of these people were used

in the Civil Rights Movement?

D. “Sit-ins” & “Freedom Rides” – What were they? What impact

did they have?

E. SNCC – What do the letters mean? What role did it play?

F. CORE – What do the letters mean? What role did it play?

G. James Meredith – What role did he play in desegregating the

University of Mississippi?


17

EQ 5.05


Movement:

A. Ross Barnett – What job did he have? What did he do concern-

ing the University of Mississippi?

B. Loyola of Chicago – What significance did this school have

on desegregating sports?

C. James Hood & Vivian Malone – What role did they play in

desegregating the University of Alabama?

D. George Wallace – What job did he have? What did he do con-

cerning the University of Alabama?

E. Eugene “Bull” Connor & “Project C” – What job did he have?

What did he do? What did “Project C” accomplish?

F. Medgar Evers & Byron De La Beckwith – Who was Evers? Who was

Beckwith? How were they connected?

G. March on Washington, D.C. & “I Have a Dream” – What was the

purpose of the march? What impact did MLK, Jr.’s speech have on

society and the Civil Rights Movement?


18

EQ 5.06


Movement:

A. 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing – What happened? Who was

responsible? What happened to those involved?

B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 – What was it? What President signed

it into law? What impact did it have on society?

C. “Solid South” – What does this term refer to?

D. “Great Society” – What was it? What President worked toward

creating it? What did he hope to accomplish with it?

E. “Freedom Summer” of 1964 – Why was this summer such a

significant one during the 1960s?

F. Literacy tests, grandfather clause & poll tax – How were

these used to keep blacks from voting?

G. 24th Amendment – What does it say? Why is it significant?


19

EQ 5.07


Movement:

A. Voting Rights Act of 1965 – What was it? What impact did it

have on society?

B. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) – What was it?

What role did it play?

C. Selma campaign – What was it? Why was it such a major event

of the Civil Rights Movement?

D. Watts Riots – When did they happen? Where did they take

place? Why did they happen? What impact did they have?

E. 12th Street Riots – When did they happen? Where did they take

place? Why did they happen? What impact did they have?

F. Malcolm X – For what is he known? What role did he play in


G. Elijah Muhammad – For what is he known? What role did he play

in the Civil Rights Movement?


20

EQ 5.08


Movement:

A. Nation of Islam – Who were they? What role did they play in

the assassination of Malcolm X?

B. “Black Power” – Why did it come about? Why did its message

not sit well with older members of the Civil Rights Movement?

C. Black Panthers – What role did they play then? What role do

they play today?

D. Tommie Smith, John Carols & 1968 Summer Olympics – What place

did they finish (and in what event) in the Olympics? What did

they do that was controversial? What happened as a result?

E. Assassination of MLK, Jr. – When? Who was involved? What

impact did it have on the Civil Rights Movement?

F. Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy – When? Who was involved?

What impact did it have on the Civil Rights Movement?

G. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) –

What was the ruling? What impact did it have on society?


21

EQ 5.09

Compare the beliefs and practices advocated by both Dr. Martin

Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X concerning civil rights for black

Americans by answering these questions:

A. How did the two men differ in their approach?

B. How were both men perceived by American society?

C. Why is the “Black Power” perception of Malcolm X incorrect?

D. What happened to both leaders? How did society react in both

cases?


22

EQ 5.10

Historians disagree over the “end date” of the Civil Rights

Movement. Address and explain each of these events and show how

each could serve as the “end date” of the movement:

A. Assassination of MLK, Jr. in 1968.

B. Election of Barack Obama as U.S. President in 2008.

C. Still ongoing.


23

EQ 5.11

Explain the other protest movements of the 1960s by answering

these questions:

A. Student Movement (a.k.a. Counterculture Movement) – Who was

involved? Why did they form? Who were their key leaders? What

did they accomplish? What tactics did they use to accomplish

their goals?

B. Anti-Vietnam War Movement – Who was involved? Why did they

form? Who were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What

tactics did they use to accomplish their goals?

C. Women’s Movement – Who was involved? Why did they form? Who

were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What tactics

did they use to accomplish their goals?

D. Gay Rights Movement – Who was involved? Why did they form?

Who were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What



24

EQ 5.12

Explain the other protest movements of the 1960s by answering

these questions:

A. United Farm Workers Movement – Who was involved? Why did they

form? Who were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What


B. Hispanic Movement – Who was involved? Why did they form? Who

were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What tactics

did they use to accomplish their goals?

C. American Indian Movement – Who was involved? Why did they

form? Who were their key leaders? What did they accomplish?

What tactics did they use to accomplish their goals?

D. Environmental Movement – Who was involved? Why did they form?

Who were their key leaders? What did they accomplish? What



25

EQ 5.13

Explain these key events/conflicts of the Cold War:

A. Sputnik – When? What impact did it have on the “Space Race”

and the Cold War?

B. The U-2 incident – When? Who was involved? What impact did

it have on the Cold War?

C. The Bay of Pigs Invasion – When? Why did it happen? Who was

involved? What impact did it have on the Cold War?

D. The Berlin Wall – When? Why did it happen? What impact did it

have on the Cold War? When did the wall come down?

E. The Cuban Missile Crisis – When? Why did it happen? Who was

involved? What impact did it have on the Cold War?

F. Apollo 11 – When? Who was involved? What impact did it have

on the “Space Race” and the Cold War? What conspiracies are

linked to this event?


26

EQ 5.14

Analyze the assassination of President Kennedy by answering

these questions:

A. Why was JFK in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963?

B. What “version” of the assassination was presented to the

American public by the Warren Commission?

C. What was the “Magic Bullet Theory”?

D. Select and explain 2 of the JFK conspiracy theories. Do they

hold any substantial merit?

E. Why do some historians say JFK’s assassination actually made

him a “better President” when it comes to his overall legacy and

ranking?


27

EQ 5.15

Explain the Vietnam War by answering these questions:

A. What caused the Vietnam War?

B. What impact did this war have on American society, military,

culture, music, and movies?

C. What impact did this war have on American foreign affairs

immediately following the war?

D. What impact does this war continue to have on American

foreign affairs today?

E. What did the Pentagon Papers reveal about the war? What

impact did they have on the public/government relationship?


28

EQ 5.16

Explain these key people/items/battles/events of the Vietnam

War:

A. First Indochina War – When? Where? Winner? Significance?

B. Second Indochina War – When? Where? Winner? Significance?

C. Battle of Dien Bien Phu – Winner? Significance?

D. 17th parallel – What was it? Impact on war?

E. Domino Theory – Impact on American foreign policy?

F. Ho Chi Minh – Which side did he support? For what is he

known?

G. National Liberation Front – Who were they? What other names

did they go by? What impact did they have on the war?


29

EQ 5.17


War:

A. Gulf of Tonkin Crisis & Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – When?

Where? Impact on war?

B. Saigon & Hanoi – Where were they located? What roles did they

play during the war?

C. William Westmoreland – Which side did he support? For what is

he known?

D. Battle of Ap Bac – Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of Ia Drang Valley – Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of Khe Sanh – Winner? Impact on war?

G. Tet Offensive – Winner? Impact on war?


30

EQ 5.18

Explain these key battles/events of the Vietnam War:

A. Battle of Hamburger Hill – Winner? Impact on war?

B. My Lai Massacre – When? Where? Impact on war?

C. Easter Offensive – Winner? Impact on war?

D. Battle of Xuan Loc – Winner? Impact on war?

E. Paris Peace Accords – When? Impact on war?

F. Fall of Saigon – When? Winner? Impact on war?


31

EQ 5.19


War:

A. “Limited war” – What was it? Impact on war?

B. Agent Orange & Napalm – What were they? Why were they used?

Impact on war?

C. “Teach-ins” – What were they? Where were they first held?

Impact on war?

D. Kent State Massacre & Jackson State Killings – When were

both? Where were both? What happened at both? Impact on war?

E. 26th Amendment – What does it say? How did the Vietnam War

speed up its ratification?

F. Vietnam Memorial – Where is it located? Who designed it? Why

is it designed they way it is?


32

EQ 5.20

Explain life during the 1960s by answering these questions:

A. What were the roles of men and women during the 1960s?

B. What kind of entertainment and sports did people enjoy during

the 1960s?

C. What were some of the fads and fashions of the 1960s?

D. What kind of music did people enjoy during the 1960s? What

made this decade’s “sound” unique?

E. Pick one song and one artist/band that was popular during

the 1960s. Why was this song popular? Why was this artist/band

popular?


33

YOUR NAME PERIOD

summary€¦ · lesson 4: new approaches to civil rights (pp. 447-451) c19,l4 key reading...

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