sugarcane flood tolerance - calusa...
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Sugarcane Flood Tolerance: Current Limits and Future Prospects
Barry Glaz (USDA-ARS)and
Robert A. Gilbert (UF-IFAS)
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Purpose
Discuss Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
Limits
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Purpose
Discuss Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
• Physiological and morphological explanations.
• Limits
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Purpose
Discuss Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
• Speculate on future gains.
• Limits• Physiological and morphological explanations.
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Purpose
Discuss Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
• Possible ecological and hydrological applications
• Limits• Physiological and morphological explanations. • Speculate on future gains.
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Sugarcane Flood ToleranceAfter Planting – Furrow Open
Before November, about 10 days.
B. Glaz. 2001. Sugar Cane International 11-16.
B. Glaz and R. Cherry. 2003. J. of Entomological Science 38(3):449-456.
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Sugarcane Flood ToleranceAfter Planting – Furrow Closed
2 Days Maximum
Except
CP 89-2376 can tolerate 4-6 days
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Sugarcane Flood Tolerance During Summer Growth
Upper duration is unknown.
3 months flood causes substantial yield loss.
R.A. Gilbert, C.R. Rainbolt, D.R. Morris, J.M. McCray. 2008. Agric. Water Management 95:283-291.
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Periodic Flood Tolerance During Summer Growth
Nine cycles of 2-days flood followed by 12 days drainage resulted in moderate yield improvements.
B. Glaz and R.A. Gilbert. 2006. Agronomy Journal 98:616-621.
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Periodic Flood Tolerance During Summer Growth
Nine cycles of 7-day floods followed by 14 days drainage resulted in no effect on one genotype and substantial yield loss in a second genotype.
B. Glaz, D.R. Morris, and S.H. Daroub. 2004. Agronomy Journal 96:832-838.
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Periodic Flood Tolerance During Summer Growth
Five cycles of 7-day floods followed by 14 days drainage resulted in no effect on yields of 4 cultivars.
B. Glaz and D.R. Morris. 2009. Agronomy Journal. In Press.
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Periodic Flood Tolerance During Summer Growth
20 cm water-table depth caused yield reductions compared with the 45 cm water-table depth in 3 of 4 cultivars.
B. Glaz and D.R. Morris. 2009. Agronomy Journal. In Press.
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Flood Tolerance Prior to Harvest
Floods of up to 3 week durations did not reduce yields when applied about 6 weeks prior to harvest.
B. Glaz. 2007. J. of Crop Improvement 20:137-151.
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Explanations of Flood Tolerance
Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration not affected by flood or shallow water-table depth.
B. Glaz and D.R. Morris. 2004. Crop Science 44:1633-1641.B. Glaz and D.R. Morris. 2006. J. Sustainable Agric. 28:77-97.
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Explanations of Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
Roots of all 40 sugarcane genotypes tested in Florida had aerenchyma.
C. Van Der Heyden C., Ray J.D., Nable R. 1998. Australian Sugarcane2: 28-30.
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Explanations of Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
Stalks of all sugarcane genotypes tested in Florida form aerenchyma after being flooded.
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Explanations of Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
However, only some genotypes form aerenchyma in stalks without exposure to flood; this provides extra flood tolerance.
B. Glaz, D.R. Morris, and S.H. Daroub. 2004. Agronomy Journal 96:832-838.
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Explanations of Sugarcane Flood Tolerance
Still a theory.
Sugarcane root growth is decreased when roots must grow into water. However, sugarcane roots appear to meet the needs of the plant when flooded for up to 2 weeks.
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Conslusions
Most commercial sugarcane cultivars in Florida can tolerate floods for 1 to 2 weeks.
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Conslusions
Continuous shallow water tables (15-20 cm) are more harmful to sugarcane than periodic flooding.
Commercial sugarcane cultivars can tolerate floods for 1 to 2 weeks.
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Conslusions
Sugarcane has physiological and morphological traits that allow it to respond well to short-duration floods.
Commercial sugarcane cultivars can tolerate floods for 1 to 2 weeks.
Continuous shallow water tables (15-20 cm) are more harmful to sugarcane than periodic flooding.
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Strategies
• Strategies to store water on sugarcane fields should be based on knowledge that sugarcane can tolerate 1-2 weeks of flood.
•Research should focus on extending this duration.
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Strategies
Perhaps sufficient on-farm water storage can be accomplished by movement of water among sugarcane fields.
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Thank you
Questions?Comments?