Asslam o AlikumTo All My Friends And Respected

Teachers

Adnan Zubair Khalid

CE09-10M06

Fahad Ghulam Rasool

CE09-10M09

Shahid

CE09-10M07

Qasim

CE09-10M06

Rameez

CE09-10M06

Sugar cane Crusher

The sugar industry in Pakistan second largest after textile.

Currently there are 81 sugar mills operational in the country.

Pakistan is the world’s fifth largest sugarcane producer.

From a production level of 2.89 million tons in 1991-92, production reached fourmillion tons in 2003-04.

It is believe that a large number of by-products obtained from raw material of sugar cane(Baggase,Molasse).

Introduction

Yield :The yield of gur or sugar from sugar cane depends mostly on 1) Quality of the cane and

2) The efficiency of the extraction of juice.

High quality cane has a good juice content with high sugar levels .

The simple three roller crushers will never extract more than 50kg of juice from each 100kg of cane.

High quality cane Poor quality cane

Juice per 100kg of cane

50kg 40kg

% sugar in juice 22 17

Gur per 100kg of cane

10kg

7kg

Block Diagram of Sugar making process

Raw Material sugar cane

1. Production of Sugar Cane: The first step in the process is the cultivation of the sugar cane. This plantation will provide the raw material of sugar industry2. Harvesting: The second step is harvesting of sugar cane where it is weighed and transporting it

into the mill plant. An average yield per hectare is 80 tons of sugar-cane.3. Crushing: As soon as the cane reaches the mill, it is sliced ,then crushed. Generally crusher consist of three rollers or more sets of three rollers. The woody fiber left as residue is called bagasse and is used as fuel in the boilers,

producing steam and electricity.

Production Process

4. Purification of the juice: The purpose of this step is to remove the largest possible number of impurities at

the beginning For this purpose lime and SO2 is adding and then heated. The final pH is adjusted to 8-8.5.5. Evaporation: Clear juice is concentrated in multiple-effect vacuum evaporators to a concentration of 55-65% sucrose.

Steam is generated by the boilers, which use bagasse as fuel.6. Crystallization: The concentrated juice or syrup is further evaporated until it is saturated with

sugar The final mass of syrup and sugar crystals is known as massecuite.

7. Centrifuging: The massecuite is centrifuged in a basket-type centrifuge. Crystals of sugar remain in the basket, while the liquid (molasses) is thrown out

through the perforations in the sides of the basket by centrifugal force. This liquor is known molasses.

The machine is a combination of shafts, gears of varying sizes, pulley, crushing rollers, bearings, fasteners, the metal framework and prime mover or power source

THE CRUSHING UNIT/ ROLLER : The crushing unit is made long hollow stainless steel cylinders and stainless steel rods. These rollers were made from stainless steel because of their ability to handle food

materials without getting them contaminated. Stainless steel does not rust or corrode and this makes them for food handling THE SHAFT: Basically five shafts were used in the construction of the machine. Each of crushing rollers having shaft. Gears: The bottom crushing roller shaft carries one gear on each end, while the top rollers

shaft one gear, and on one end. The big gear serves to reduce the transmission speed reaching the crushing rollers and

thereby increase transmission torque on each roller and therefore, the crushing force on the surface of the rollers.

Construction of sugar cane crusher

BELT AND PULLEY: They are used in transmitting motion from the motor to the drive shaft. Just like gears, they transmit motion, but unlike gears, they are flexible, meaning

the center distance between driving and driven member can be changed conveniently, therefore, pulleys can transmit motion over distances.

POWER SOURCE: The power source is electric motor which change electrical energy into mechanical

energy.THE MACHINE FRAME: The machine frame is made of stainless steel. Gasket: This is used to seal up the opening through which leakage may occur.

Sugar cane crusher

Rear view of the existing sugarcane juice extraction machine Sugarcane Juice

Extractor

Wheel

Gear

Curshring Roller

The Way Of Power transmission

The power from electric motor can transmit into wheel through belt.

Then power from wheel transmit into small gear through shaft.

The small gear rotate big gear from which lower crushing roller attach.

The other end of lower crushing roller having small gear which rotate upper two crushing rollers.

The gears will rotate in opposite direction will help in or out of cane in crushing rollers.

The main crushing force is compression but also a little involvement of shear force.

Working of sugar cane crusher

The woody fiber left during extraction of sugar cane as residue is called bagasse.

The usual bagasse composition is given below.

The utility of bagasse as fuel depends upon its calorific value which is affected by its composition, particularly moisture content.

Bagasse is usually as combustible material which burn in furnace or boiler to produce steam which is run to turbine which run generator to produce electricity.

Power generation from bagasse

Bagasse

Molasses

Sugar Cane

After processing

What is Bagasse It comes from the word bagazo means trash or rubbish

It is used as a source of fuel in sugar mill when it burns it gives sufficient amount of heat for running mill

It is also used for the production of paper It is also used for electricity cogeneration It is also used for the Cattle feed Bagasse is being used as a compost feedstock in post-

earthquake Haiti where humanure toilets are being implemented.

Uses of Bagasse

Some More images of Bagasse

In Australia Bagasse is known as Cosw candy

Interesting information

Word molasses comes out from the word Mel which

means Honey.

Molasses is a viscous by-product of the processing of

sugar cane, grapes or sugar beets into sugar.

Molecular Formula C6H12NNaO3S

What is Molasses?

It is used in creating alcoholic drinks such as stout and dark ales

Some companies also add it to Tobacco It is also used for the production of Ethanol alternative source

of fuel It is also used to promote microbe activity in the soil Molasses also contains trace amounts of vitamins and

minerals Molasses is also used for the feed of Cattle to provide

essential vitamins and Minerals.

Uses of Molasses

Thanks