succesion cases day 1 - for reading

8/12/2019 Succesion Cases Day 1 - For Reading

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SECOND DIVISION[G.R. No. 149926. February 23, 2005.]

UNION BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs.EDMUND SANTIBAEZ an FLO!EN"E SANTIBAEZ A!IOLA,

responents.

a!a"#$o % &''o!#a(e' )or *e(#(#o$er.Rober(o Ca" Ca(o"#!o )or re'*o$+e$('.

S--&/S1. REEDI&- -& CIVI- ROCED/RE /RISDICION /RISDICIONOF & RO&E CO/R. []e""'e(("e+ #' (7e ru"e (7a( a *roba(e !our( 7a'(7e 8ur#'+#!(#o$ (o +e(er#$e a"" (7e *ro*er(#e' o) (7e +e!ea'e+, (o +e(er#$e:7e(7er (7ey '7ou"+ or '7ou"+ $o( be #$!"u+e+ #$ (7e #$;e$(ory or "#'( o)*ro*er(#e' (o be a+#$#'(ere+. 7e 'a#+ !our( #' *r#ar#"y !o$!er$e+ :#(7 (7ea+#$#'(ra(#o$, "#I$ (e'(a(e'u!!e''#o$, (7ere !a$ be $o ;a"#+ *ar(#(#o$ ao$? (7e 7e#r' u$(#" a)(er (7e :#""7a' bee$ *roba(e+. 7e "a: e$8o#$' (7e *roba(e o) a :#"" a$+ (7e *ub"#! re

3. REEDI&- -& SECI&- ROCEEDINGS C-&IS &G&INS ES&EFI-ING OF & ONE C-&I &G&INS =E DECEDEN@S ES&E IN =ERO&E CO/R IS &ND&OR IN C&SE & &R. eru'#$? (7e 8o#$(a?reee$(, #( *ro;#+e' (7a( (7e 7e#r' a' *ar(#e' (7ere(o >7a;e a?ree+ (o +#;#+ebe(:ee$ (7e'e";e' a$+ (aAe *o''e''#o$ a$+ u'e (7e abo;e+e'!r#be+ !7a((e"a$+ ea!7 o) (7e (o a''ue (7e #$+eb(e+$e'' !orre'*o$+#$? (o (7e !7a((e"(aAe$ a' 7ere#$ a)(er '(a(e+ :7#!7 #' #$ )a;or o) F#r'( Cou$(ry'#+e Cre+#( Cor*.>

7e a''u*(#o$ o) "#ab#"#(y :a' !o$+#(#o$e+ u*o$ (7e 7a**e$#$? o) a$ e;e$(, (7a(#', (7a( ea!7 7e#r '7a"" (aAe *o''e''#o$ a$+ u'e o) (7e#r re'*e!(#;e '7are u$+er(7e a?reee$(. I( :a' a+e +e*e$+e$( o$ (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e *ar(#(#o$, a$+ (7a((7ey :ere (o a''ue (7e #$+eb(e+$e'' !orre'*o$+#$? (o (7e !7a((e" (7a( (7ey:ere ea!7 (o re!e#;e. 7e *ar(#(#o$ be#$? #$;a"#+ a' ear"#er +#'!u''e+, (7e 7e#r'#$ e))e!( +#+ $o( re!e#;e a$y 'u!7 (ra!(or. I( )o""o:' (7e$ (7a( (7e a''u*(#o$ o)"#ab#"#(y !a$$o( be ?#;e$ a$y )or!e a$+ e))e!(. 7e Cour( $o(e' (7a( (7e "oa$ :a'!o$(ra!(e+ by (7e +e!e+e$(. 7e *e(#(#o$er, *ur*or(e+"y a !re+#(or o) (7e "a(e


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E)ra# Sa$(#baBe, '7ou"+ 7a;e (7u' )#"e+ #(' o$ey !"a# :#(7 (7e *roba(e !our(#$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 Se!(#o$ 5, Ru"e 6 o) (7e Re;#'e+ Ru"e' o) Cour( . . . . 7e)#"#$? o) a o$ey !"a# a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e #$ (7e *roba(e !our( #'a$+a(ory.

D E C I S I O NC&--EO, SR., *

e)ore u' #' a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ !er(#orar# u$+er Ru"e 45 o) (7e Re;#'e+Ru"e' o) Cour( :7#!7 'eeA' (7e re;er'a" o) (7e De!#'#o$ 1 o) (7e Cour( o)

&**ea"' +a(e+ ay 30, 2001 #$ C&G.R. CV No. 431 a))#r#$? (7e +#'#''a" 2o) (7e *e(#(#o$er@' !o*"a#$( #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 1909 by (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour(RCH o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63.

7e a$(e!e+e$( )a!(' are a' )o""o:'

O$ ay 31, 190, (7e F#r'( Cou$(ry'#+e Cre+#( Cor*ora(#o$ FCCCH a$+ E)ra#. Sa$(#baBe e$(ere+ #$(o a "oa$ a?reee$( 3 #$ (7e aou$( o) 12,000.00.7e aou$( :a' #$(e$+e+ )or (7e *aye$( o) (7e *ur!7a'e *r#!e o) o$e 1H u$#(For+ 6600 &?r#!u"(ura" &""ur*o'e D#e'e" ra!(or. I$ ;#e: (7ereo), E)ra# a$+ 7#''o$, E+u$+, ee!u(e+ a *ro#''ory $o(e #$ )a;or o) (7e FCCC, (7e *r#$!#*a"'u *ayab"e #$ )#;e e


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CONIN/ING G/&R&N OR S/RES=I&r(. 2053. & ?uara$(y ay a"'o be ?#;e$ a' 'e!ur#(y )or )u(ure +eb(', (7e aou$( o) :7#!7 #' $o( ye( A$o:$ (7ere !a$ be $o !"a#a?a#$'( (7e ?uara$(or u$(#" (7e +eb( #' "#a$y +eb(,> >a$y#$+eb(e+$e'',> >a$y +e)#!#e$!y,> or >a$y 'u,> or (7e ?uara$(y o) >a$y (ra$'a!(#o$> or o$ey (o be )ur$#'7e+ (7e *r#$!#*a" +eb(or >a( a$y (#e>or >o$ 'u!7 (#e> (7a( (7e *r#$!#*a" +eb(or ay re


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:7ere#$ (7e FCCC a' (7e a''#?$or, ao$? o(7er', a''#?$e+ a"" #(' a''e(' a$+"#ab#"#(#e' (o /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?e a$A.

Dea$+ "e((er' 10 )or (7e 'e(("ee$( o) 7#' a!!ou$( :ere 'e$( by *e(#(#o$er/$#o$ a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e' /H (o E+u$+, bu( (7e "a((er )a#"e+ (o 7ee+ (7e

'ae a$+ re)u'e+ (o *ay. 7u', o$ February 5, 19, (7e *e(#(#o$er )#"e+ aCo*"a#$( 11 )or 'u o) o$ey a?a#$'( (7e 7e#r' o) E)ra# Sa$(#baBe, E+u$+a$+ F"ore$!e, be)ore (7e RC o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 150, +o!Ae(e+ a' C#;#"Ca'e No. 1909. Suo$'e' :ere #''ue+ a?a#$'( bo(7, bu( (7e o$e #$(e$+e+)or E+u$+ :a' $o( 'er;e+ '#$!e 7e :a' #$ (7e /$#(e+ S(a(e' a$+ (7ere :a' $o#$)ora(#o$ o$ 7#' a++re'' or (7e +a(e o) 7#' re(ur$ (o (7e 7#"#**#$e'. 12

&!!or+#$?"y, (7e !o*"a#$( :a' $arro:e+ +o:$ (o re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a.O$ De!eber J, 19, re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a )#"e+ 7er &$':er 13 a$+a""e?e+ (7a( (7e "oa$ +o!ue$(' +#+ $o( b#$+ 7er '#$!e '7e :a' $o( a *ar(y

(7ere(o. Co$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( '#?$e+ by 7er a$+ 7er bro(7erE+u$+ :a' $o( a**ro;e+ by (7e *roba(e !our(, #( :a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+ 7e$!e, '7e:a' $o( "#ab"e (o (7e *e(#(#o$er u$+er (7e 8o#$( a?reee$(.

O$ a$uary 29, 1990, (7e !a'e :a' u$"oa+e+ a$+ rera))"e+ (o (7e RC o)aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63. 14 Co$'e


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&r#o"a u'( $e!e''ar#"y )a#".

7e *e(#(#o$er a**ea"e+ )ro (7e RC +e!#'#o$ a$+ e"e;a(e+ #(' !a'e (o (7eCour( o) &**ea"' C&H, a''#?$#$? (7e )o""o:#$? a' error' o) (7e (r#a" !our(

1. =E CO/R & /O ERRED IN FINDING =& =E OIN&GREEEN E=II &H S=O/-D E &ROVED =E RO&ECO/R.2. =E CO/R & /O ERRED IN FINDING =& =ERE C&N ENO V&-ID &RIION &ONG =E =EIRS /NI- &FER =E I--=&S EEN RO&ED.3. =E CO/R & /O ERRED IN NO FINDING =& =EDEFEND&N =&D &IVED =ER RIG= O =&VE =E C-&I RE-IIG&ED IN =E ES&E ROCEEDING. 16

7e *e(#(#o$er a''er(e+ be)ore (7e C& (7a( (7e ob"#?a(#o$ o) (7e +e!ea'e+ 7a+*a''e+ (o 7#' "e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$ a$+ 7e#r', #$ (7#' !a'e, E+u$+ a$+ F"ore$!e(7e u$!o$+#(#o$a" '#?$#$? o) (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( arAe+ a' E7#b#( >&> e'(o**e+re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a, a$+ (7a( '7e !a$$o( +e$y 7er "#ab#"#(y u$+er (7e'a#+ +o!ue$( a' (7e a?reee$( 7a+ bee$ '#?$e+ by bo(7 7e#r' #$ (7e#r*er'o$a" !a*a!#(y, #( :a' $o "o$?er $e!e''ary (o *re'e$( (7e 'ae be)ore (7e*roba(e !our( )or a**ro;a" (7e *ro*er(y *ar(#(#o$e+ #$ (7e a?reee$( :a' $o(o$e o) (7o'e e$uera(e+ #$ (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" a+e by (7e +e!ea'e+ a$+ (7ea!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ o) (7e 7e#r', *ar(#!u"ar"y re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a, #$ (7e

*re'e$( or+#$ary !#;#" a!(#o$ :a' (a$(aou$( (o a :a#;er (o re"#(#?a(e (7e !"a# #$(7e e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?'.

O$ (7e o(7er 7a$+, re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a a#$(a#$e+ (7a( (7e o$ey!"a# o) (7e *e(#(#o$er '7ou"+ 7a;e bee$ *re'e$(e+ be)ore (7e *roba(e !our(. 1J7e a**e""a(e !our( )ou$+ (7a( (7e a**ea" :a' $o( er#(or#ou' a$+ 7e"+ (7a( (7e*e(#(#o$er '7ou"+ 7a;e )#"e+ #(' !"a# :#(7 (7e *roba(e !our( a' *ro;#+e+ u$+erSe!(#o$' 1 a$+ 5, Ru"e 6 o) (7e Ru"e' o) Cour(. I( )ur(7er 7e"+ (7a( (7e *ar(#(#o$a+e #$ (7e a?reee$( :a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+, '#$!e $o ;a"#+ *ar(#(#o$ ay be 7a+u$(#" a)(er (7e :#"" 7a' bee$ *roba(e+. &!!or+#$? (o (7e C&, *a?e 2, *ara?ra*7

eH o) (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" !o;ere+ (7e 'ub8e!( *ro*er(#e' (ra!(or'H #$ ?e$er#!(er' :7e$ (7e +e!ea'e+ re)erre+ (o (7e a' >a"" o(7er *ro*er(#e'.> oreo;er,(7e a!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ o) re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a #$ (7e !a'e +#+ $o(aou$( (o a :a#;er. 7u', (7e C& a))#re+ (7e RC +e!#'#o$, ;#.

=EREFORE, *re#'e' !o$'#+ere+, (7e a**ea"e+ De!#'#o$ o) (7eRe?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63, #' 7ereby &FFIRED #$(o(o. IS&!=D


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SO ORDERED. 1

I$ (7e *re'e$( re!our'e, (7e *e(#(#o$er a'!r#be' (7e )o""o:#$? error' (o (7e C&I.=E =ONOR&-E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN FINDING =&

=E OIN &GREEEN S=O/-D E &ROVED =E RO&ECO/R.

II.=E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN FINDING =& =ERE C&N ENO V&-ID &RIION &ONG =E =EIRS OF =E -&E EFR&IS&NI&PEQ /NI- &FER =E I-- =&S EEN RO&ED.

III.=E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN NO FINDING =& =E

RESONDEN =&D &IVED =ER RIG= O =&VE =E C-&I RE-IIG&ED IN =E ES&E ROCEEDING.

IV.RESONDENS C&N, IN F&C, E =E-D OIN- &ND SEVER&---I&-E I= =E RINCI&- DEOR =E -&E EFR&IS&NI&PEQ ON =E SRENG= OF =E CONIN/ING G/&R&N

&GREEEN EEC/ED IN F&VOR OF EIIONER&E--&N/NION &NK. I&aC!

V.=E ROISSOR NOES D&ED & 31, 190 IN =E S/ OF12,000.00 &ND DECEER 13, 190 IN =E &O/N OF123,000.00 C&EGORIC&-- ES&-IS=ED =E F&C =& =ERESONDENS O/ND =ESE-VES OIN- &ND SEVER&---I&-E I= =E -&E DEOR EFR&I S&NI&PEQ IN F&VOR OFEIIONER /NION &NK. 19

7e *e(#(#o$er !"a#' (7a( (7e ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ :ere (ra$'#((e+ (o

(7e 7e#r' a' *ro;#+e+ #$ &r(#!"e JJ4 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e (7ere :a' (7u' $o $ee+ )or(7e *roba(e !our( (o a**ro;e (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( :7ere (7e 7e#r' *ar(#(#o$e+ (7e(ra!(or' o:$e+ by (7e +e!ea'e+ a$+ a''ue+ (7e ob"#?a(#o$' re"a(e+ (7ere(o.S#$!e re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a '#?$e+ (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( :#(7ou( a$y!o$+#(#o$, '7e #' $o: e'(o**e+ )ro a''er(#$? a$y *o'#(#o$ !o$(rary (7ere(o. 7e*e(#(#o$er a"'o *o#$(' ou( (7a( (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" o) (7e +e!ea'e+ +#+ $o(#$!"u+e $or e$(#o$ a$y o) (7e (ra!(or' 'ub8e!( o) (7e !o*"a#$(, a$+, a' 'u!7:a' beyo$+ (7e ab#( o) (7e 'a#+ :#"". 7e a!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ a$+ re'#'(a$!e o)


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re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a #$ (7e or+#$ary !#;#" a!(#o$ a?a#$'( (7e *e(#(#o$er@'!"a# aou$(' (o a :a#;er o) (7e r#?7( (o 7a;e (7e !"a# *re'e$(e+ #$ (7e *roba(e*ro!ee+#$?', a$+ (o a""o: a$y o$e o) (7e 7e#r' :7o ee!u(e+ (7e 8o#$(a?reee$( (o e'!a*e "#ab#"#(y (o *ay (7e ;a"ue o) (7e (ra!(or' u$+er !o$'#+era(#o$:ou"+ be e


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*o#$(' ou( (7a( a( (7e (#e o) (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( (7ere :a'a"rea+y a$ e#'(#$? *roba(e *ro!ee+#$?' o) :7#!7 (7e *e(#(#o$er A$e: abou(.=o:e;er, (o a;o#+ a !"a# #$ (7e *roba(e !our( :7#!7 #?7( +e"ay *aye$( o) (7eob"#?a(#o$, (7e *e(#(#o$er o*(e+ (o re


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#e+#a(e"y *re!e+#$? *ara?ra*7 #$ )a;or o) E+u$+ a$+ F"ore$!e, y !7#"+re$.e a?ree :#(7 (7e a**e""a(e !our( (7a( (7e abo;e


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*ur*or(e+"y a !re+#(or o) (7e "a(e E)ra# Sa$(#baBe, '7ou"+ 7a;e (7u' )#"e+ #('o$ey !"a# :#(7 (7e *roba(e !our( #$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 Se!(#o$ 5, Ru"e 6 o) (7eRe;#'e+ Ru"e' o) Cour(, :7#!7 *ro;#+e'Se!(#o$ 5. C"a#' :7#!7 u'( be )#"e+ u$+er (7e $o(#!e. I) $o( )#"e+ barre+e!e*(#o$'. &"" !"a#' )or o$ey a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(, ar#'#$? )ro !o$(ra!(,

e*re'' or #*"#e+, :7e(7er (7e 'ae be +ue, $o( +ue, or !o$(#$?e$(, a"" !"a#')or )u$era" e*e$'e' )or (7e "a'( '#!A$e'' o) (7e +e!e+e$(, a$+ 8u+?e$( )oro$ey a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(, u'( be )#"e+ :#(7#$ (7e (#e "##(e+ #$ (7e $o(#!eo(7er:#'e (7ey are barre+ )ore;er, e!e*( (7a( (7ey ay be 'e( )or(7 a'!ou$(er!"a#' #$ a$y a!(#o$ (7a( (7e ee!u(or or a+#$#'(ra(or ay br#$? a?a#$'((7e !"a#a$('. 7ere a$ ee!u(or or a+#$#'(ra(or !oe$!e' a$ a!(#o$, or*ro'e!u(e' a$ a!(#o$ a"rea+y !oe$!e+ by (7e +e!ea'e+ #$ 7#' "#)e(#e, (7e+eb(or ay 'e( )or(7 by a$':er (7e !"a#' 7e 7a' a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(, #$'(ea+o) *re'e$(#$? (7e #$+e*e$+e$("y (o (7e !our( a' 7ere#$ *ro;#+e+, a$+ u(ua"!"a#' ay be 'e( o)) a?a#$'( ea!7 o(7er #$ 'u!7 a!(#o$ a$+ #) )#$a" 8u+?e$( #'

re$+ere+ #$ )a;or o) (7e +e)e$+a$(, (7e aou$( 'o +e(er#$e+ '7a"" be!o$'#+ere+ (7e (rue ba"a$!e a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e, a' (7ou?7 (7e !"a# 7a+ bee$*re'e$(e+ +#re!("y be)ore (7e !our( #$ (7e a+#$#'(ra(#o$ *ro!ee+#$?'. C"a#' $o(ye( +ue, or !o$(#$?e$(, ay be a**ro;e+ a( (7e#r *re'e$( ;a"ue.7e )#"#$? o) a o$ey !"a# a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e #$ (7e *roba(e !our( #'a$+a(ory. 30 &' :e 7e"+ #$ (7e ;#$(a?e !a'e o) y E$? C7o$? ;. =errera 31. . . 7#' re


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a$A (o :7#!7 (7e FCCC a''#?$e+ #(' a''e(' a$+ "#ab#"#(#e'. 33 7e *e(#(#o$er #$#(' !o*"a#$( a""e?e+ (7a( >by ;#r(ue o) (7e Dee+ o) &''#?$e$( +a(e+ &u?u'( 20,191 ee!u(e+ by a$+ be(:ee$ F#r'( Cou$(ry'#+e Cre+#( Cor*ora(#o$ a$+ /$#o$a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e' . . .> 34 =o:e;er, (7e +o!ue$(ary e;#+e$!e 35 !"ear"yre)"e!(' (7a( (7e *ar(#e' #$ (7e +ee+ o) a''#?$e$( :#(7 a''u*(#o$ o) "#ab#"#(#e'

:ere (7e FCCC, a$+ (7e /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?e a$A, :#(7 (7e !o$)or#(yo) a$!o 7#"#**#$e =o"+#$?', I$!. No:7ere !a$ (7e *e(#(#o$er@' *ar(#!#*a(#o$(7ere#$ a' a *ar(y be )ou$+. Fur(7erore, $o +o!ue$(ary or (e'(#o$#a"e;#+e$!e :a' *re'e$(e+ +ur#$? (r#a" (o '7o: (7a( /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?ea$A #' $o:, #$ )a!(, *e(#(#o$er /$#o$ a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e'. &' (7e (r#a" !our(+e!"are+ #$ #(' +e!#'#o$. . . []7e !our( a"'o )#$+' er#( (o (7e !o$(e$(#o$ o) +e)e$+a$( (7a( *"a#$(#)) )a#"e+(o *ro;e or +#+ $o( *re'e$( e;#+e$!e (o *ro;e (7a( /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?ea$A #' $o: (7e /$#o$ a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e'. u+#!#a" $o(#!e +oe' $o( a**"y7ere. >7e *o:er (o (aAe 8u+#!#a" $o(#!e #' (o [be] eer!#'e+ by (7e !our(' :#(7

!au(#o$ !are u'( be (aAe$ (7a( (7e reRe*ub"#! ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 10J SCR& 504H. 367#' be#$? (7e !a'e, (7e *e(#(#o$er@' *er'o$a"#(y (o )#"e (7e !o*"a#$( #' :a$(#$?.Co$'e


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16. C& Ro""o, *. 43.1J. I+. a( J6.1. Ro""o, *. 30.19. I+. a( J.20. See Or(e?a ;. Cour( o) &**ea"', 153 SCR& 96 19JH See a"'o ora"e' ;.

CFI o) Ca;#(e, r. V, 146 SCR& 3J3 196H.21. See De "a Cru ;. Cao$, 16 SCR& 6 1966H.22. V+a. +e K#"ayAo ;. e$?!o, 20J SCR& 600 1992H.23. Ra""a ;. /$(a"a$, 1J2 SCR& 5 199H.24. E7#b#( J.25. E7#b#( &.26. See Sa$+o;a" ;. Sa$(#a?o, 3 7#" J4 1949H.2J. &r(#!"e 102, Ne: C#;#" Co+e.2. See Reye' ;. '#*, 9J 7#" 11 1955H.29. See E7#b#( J.

30. See De au(#'(a ;. De Gua$, 125 SCR& 6J6 193H.31. J0 SCR& 130 19J6H.32. Ib#+.33. See E7#b#( G.34. Re!or+', *. 4.35. E7#b#( G.36. Re!or+', *. 521

EN &NC

#$.!. No. L%&'(). Nove*+er &, -/0.1ESTATE OF K. H. HEMAD2, e3ease, vs. LUZON SU!ET2 "O., IN".,34ai*ant%appe44ant."4aro M. !e3to 5or appe44ee.o"e$(#$o % Gar!#a a$+ D. R. Cru )or a**e""a$(.S--&/S1. CONR&CS INDING EFFEC OF CONR&CS /ON =EIRS OFDECE&SED &R. 7e b#$+#$? e))e!( o) !o$(ra!(' u*o$ (7e 7e#r' o) (7e+e!ea'e+ *ar(y #' $o( a"(ere+ by (7e *ro;#'#o$ #$ (7e Ru"e' o) Cour( (7a( o$ey+eb(' o) a +e!ea'e+ u'( be "#


13/103

!o$!"u'#o$ (7a( 7#' *e!u"#ar #$+#;#+ua" re#u'. &' !o$'#+era(#o$ )or (7#' 'ure(y'7#*, (7e u$+er'#?$e+ 8o#$("y a$+'e;era""y, a?ree (o *ay (7e CO&N (7e 'u o) TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

TTTTTH *e'o', 7#"#**#$e' Curre$!y, #$ a+;a$!e a' *re#u (7ere o) )or e;eryTTTTTTTTTT o$(7' or )ra!(#o$' (7ereo), (7#' TTTTTTTT or a$y re$e:a" or

'ub'(#(u(#o$ (7ereo) #' #$ e))e!(.I$+e$#(y. 7e u$+er'#?$e+, 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y, a?ree a( a"" (#e' (o#$+e$#)y (7e CO&N a$+ Aee* #( #$+e$#)#e+ a$+ 7o"+ a$+ 'a;e #( 7ar"e'')ro a$+ a?a#$'( a$y a$+ a"" +aa?e', "o''e', !o'(', '(a*', (ae', *e$a"(#e',!7ar?e', a$+ e*e$'e' o) :7a('oe;er A#$+ a$+ $a(ure :7#!7 (7e CO&N'7a"" or ay, a( a$y (#e 'u'(a#$ or #$!ur #$ !o$'e


14/103

ee!u(e+ o$ be7a") o) (7e u$+er'#?$e+ or a$y o) (7e a$+ (o *ay, re#bur'ea$+ aAe ?oo+ (o (7e CO&N, #(' 'u!!e''or' a$+ a''#?$', a"" 'u' a$+aou$( o) o$ey :7#!7 #( or #(' re*re'e$(a(#;e' '7a"" *ay or !au'e (o be *a#+, orbe!oe "#ab"e (o *ay, o$ a!!ou$( o) (7e u$+er'#?$e+ or a$y o) (7e, o):7a('oe;er A#$+ a$+ $a(ure, #$!"u+#$? 15U o) (7e aou$( #$;o";e+ #$ (7e

"#(#?a(#o$ or o(7er a((er' ?ro:#$? ou( o) or !o$$e!(e+ (7ere:#(7 )or !ou$'e" ora((or$ey@' )ee', bu( #$ $o !a'e "e'' (7a$ 25. I( #' 7ereby )ur(7er a?ree+ (7a( #$!a'e o) e(e$'#o$ or re$e:a" o) (7#' TTTTTTTT :e e Re!. &**. **. 9102.H

7e -uo$ Sure(y Co., *raye+ )or a""o:a$!e, a' a !o$(#$?e$( !"a#, o) (7e ;a"ueo) (7e (:e$(y bo$+' #( 7a+ ee!u(e+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e !ou$(erbo$+', a$+)ur(7er a'Ae+ )or 8u+?e$( )or (7e u$*a#+ *re#u' a$+ +o!ue$(ary '(a*'a))#e+ (o (7e bo$+', :#(7 12 *er !e$( #$(ere'( (7ereo$.e)ore a$':er :a' )#"e+, a$+ u*o$ o(#o$ o) (7e a+#$#'(ra(r# o) =ea+y@'e'(a(e, (7e "o:er !our(, by or+er o) Se*(eber 23, 1953, +#'#''e+ (7e !"a#' o)-uo$ Sure(y Co., o$ (:o ?rou$+' 1H (7a( (7e *re#u' +ue a$+ !o'( o)+o!ue$(ary '(a*' :ere $o( !o$(e*"a(e+ u$+er (7e #$+e$#(y a?reee$(' (o


15/103

be a *ar( o) (7e u$+er(aA#$? o) (7e ?uara$(or =ea+yH, '#$!e (7ey :ere $o("#ab#"#(#e' #$!urre+ a)(er (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e !ou$(erbo$+' a$+ 2H (7a(>:7a(e;er "o''e' ay o!!ur a)(er =ea+y@' +ea(7, are $o( !7ar?eab"e (o 7#'e'(a(e, be!au'e u*o$ 7#' +ea(7 7e !ea'e+ (o be ?uara$(or.>aA#$? u* (7e "a((er *o#$( )#r'(, '#$!e #( #' (7e o$e ore )ar rea!7#$? #$ e))e!(', (7e

rea'o$#$? o) (7e !our( be"o: ra$ a' )o""o:'>7e a+#$#'(ra(r# )ur(7er !o$(e$+' (7a( u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) =ea+y, 7#' "#ab#"#(ya' a ?uara$(or (er#$a(e+, a$+ (7ere)ore, #$ (7e ab'e$!e o) a '7o:#$? (7a( a"o'' or +aa?e :a' 'u))ere+, (7e !"a# !a$$o( be !o$'#+ere+ !o$(#$?e$(. 7#'Cour( be"#e;e' (7a( (7ere #' er#( #$ (7#' !o$(e$(#o$ a$+ )#$+' 'u**or( #$ &r(#!"e2046 o) (7e $e: C#;#" Co+e. I( '7ou"+ be $o(e+ (7a( a $e: reCo$(ra!(' (aAe e))e!( o$"y a' be(:ee$ (7e *ar(#e', (7e#r a''#?$' a$+ 7e#r',e!e*( #$ (7e !a'e :7ere (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' ar#'#$? )ro (7e !o$(ra!( are$o( (ra$'#''#b"e by (7e#r $a(ure, or by '(#*u"a(#o$ or by *ro;#'#o$ o) "a:.>7#"e #$ our 'u!!e''#o$a" 'y'(e (7e re'*o$'#b#"#(y o) (7e 7e#r' )or (7e +eb(' o)(7e#r +e!e+e$( !a$$o( e!ee+ (7e ;a"ue o) (7e #$7er#(a$!e (7ey re!e#;e )ro 7#,

(7e *r#$!#*"e rea#$' #$(a!( (7a( (7e'e 7e#r' 'u!!ee+ $o( o$"y (o (7e r#?7(' o) (7e+e!ea'e+ bu( a"'o (o 7#' ob"#?a(#o$'. &r(#!"e' JJ4 a$+ JJ6 o) (7e Ne: C#;#" Co+ea$+ &r(#!"e' 659 a$+ 661 o) (7e *re!e+#$? o$eH e*re''"y 'o *ro;#+e, (7ereby!o$)#r#$? &r(#!"e 1311 a"rea+y &R. JJ4. Su!!e''#o$ #' a o+e o) a!


16/103

>&R. JJ6. 7e #$7er#(a$!e #$!"u+e' a"" (7e *ro*er(y, r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o)a *er'o$ :7#!7 are $o( e(#$?u#'7e+ by 7#' +ea(7.>I$ o8#!a ;'. Fer$a$+e, 9 7#". 403, (7#' Su*ree Cour( ru"e+>/$+er (7e C#;#" Co+e (7e 7e#r', by ;#r(ue o) (7e r#?7(' o) 'u!!e''#o$ are'ubro?a(e+ (o a"" (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ &r(#!"e 661H a$+

!a$ $o( be re?ar+e+ a' (7#r+ *ar(#e' :#(7 re'*e!( (o a !o$(ra!( (o :7#!7 (7e+e!ea'e+ :a' a *ar(y, (ou!7#$? (7e e'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ arr#o' ;'. Do"or, 27#". 44H. >7e *r#$!#*"e o$ :7#!7 (7e'e +e!#'#o$' re'( #' $o( a))e!(e+ by (7e *ro;#'#o$' o)(7e $e: Co+e o) C#;#" ro!e+ure, a$+, #$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 (7a( *r#$!#*"e, (7e7e#r' o) a +e!ea'e+ *er'o$ !a$$o( be 7e"+ (o be >(7#r+ *er'o$'> #$ re"a(#o$ (oa$y !o$(ra!(' (ou!7#$? (7e rea" e'(a(e o) (7e#r +e!e+e$( :7#!7 !oe' #$ (o (7e#r7a$+' by r#?7( o) #$7er#(a$!e (7ey (aAe 'u!7 *ro*er(y 'ub8e!( (o a"" (7eob"#?a(#o$' re'(#$? (7ereo$ #$ (7e 7a$+' o) 7# )ro :7o (7ey +er#;e (7e#r

r#?7('.>See a"'o Ga"a'#$ao ;'. &u'(r#a, 51 O)). Ga. No. 6H *. 2J4 a$+ +e Gua$;'. Sa"aA, 91 7#"., 265H.7e b#$+#$? e))e!( o) !o$(ra!(' u*o$ (7e 7e#r' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ *ar(y #' $o(a"(ere+ by (7e *ro;#'#o$ #$ our Ru"e' o) Cour( (7a( o$ey +eb(' o) a +e!ea'e+u'( be "# o) *a(r#o$#a" r#?7(' a$+ +u(#e' (7a(, a'ob'er;e+ by V#!(or#o o"a!!o, 7a' !7ara!(er#e+ (7e 7#'(ory o) (7e'e #$'(#(u(#o$'.Fro (7e Roa$ !o$!e*( o) a re"a(#o$ )ro *er'o$ (o *er'o$, (7e ob"#?a(#o$ 7a'e;o";e+ #$(o a re"a(#o$ )ro *a(r#o$y (o *a(r#o$y, :#(7 (7e *er'o$' o!!u*y#$?o$"y a re*re'e$(a(#;e *o'#(#o$, barr#$? (7o'e rare !a'e' :7ere (7e ob"#?a(#o$ #''(r#!("y *er'o$a", #.e., #' !o$(ra!(e+ #$(u#(u *er'o$ae, #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) #('*er)ora$!e by a '*e!#)#! *er'o$ a$+ by $o o(7er. 7e (ra$'#(#o$ #' arAe+ by

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17/103

o) o$ey, re'u"(#$? )ro a$ ob"#?a(#o$ (o ?#;e a$+ (o (7e -uo$ Sure(y Co., #(:a' #$+#))ere$( (7a( (7e re#bur'ee$( '7ou"+ be a+e by =ea+y 7#'e") orby 'oe o$e e"'e #$ 7#' be7a"), 'o "o$? a' (7e o$ey :a' *a#+ (o #(.7e 'e!o$+ e!e*(#o$ o) &r(#!"e 1311, *. 1, #' #$(ra$'#''#b#"#(y by '(#*u"a(#o$ o)(7e *ar(#e'. e#$? e!e*(#o$a" a$+ !o$(rary (o (7e ?e$era" ru"e, (7#'

#$(ra$'#''#b#"#(y '7ou"+ $o( be ea'#"y #*"#e+, bu( u'( be e*re''"ye'(ab"#'7e+, or a( (7e ;ery "ea'(, !"ear"y #$)erab"e )ro (7e *ro;#'#o$' o) (7e!o$(ra!( #('e"), a$+ (7e (e( o) (7e a?reee$(' 'ue+ u*o$ $o:7ere #$+#!a(e (7a((7ey are $o$(ra$')erab"e.>bH I$(ra$'#'#b#"#+a+ *or *a!(o. -o ?e$era" e' "a (ra$'#'#b#"#+a+ +e+ere!7o' y ob"#?a!#o$e' "e e!e*!#o$, "a #$(ra$'#'#b#"#+a+. #e$(ra' $a+a 'e+#?a e$ !o$(rar#o #*era e" *r#$!#*#o +e "a (ra$'#'#o$, !oo e"ee$(o $a(ura" a(o+a re"a!#o$ 8ur#+#!a, 'a";o "a' *er'o$a"#'#a'. &'#, *ara "a $o (ra$'#'#o$, e'e$e'(er e" *a!(o e*re'o, *or


18/103

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19/103

15 "a., 553 G#b'o$ ;'. #(!7e"", 16 "a., 519 aey ;'. Car(er, 10 ar?.[e$$.], 521 Ree;e' ;'. u""#a, J a(. [e$$.], 119 Er$'( ;'. Nou, 63 #'.,134.H>For +e)e$+a$( a+#$#'(ra(r# #( #' a;erre+ (7a( (7e abo;e +o!(r#$e re)er' (o a !a'e:7ere (7e 'ure(y )#"e' !"a#' a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e o) (7e *r#$!#*a" +eb(or a$+ #( #'

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20/103

2. ID. COONERS=I OVER /NDIVIDED ES&E RIG= OF -EG&-REDEION E&C= COONER, REG&RD-ESS OF SIQE OF S=&RE,VESED I= RIG=. & !oo:$er o) a$ u$+#;#+e+ '7are #' $e!e''ar#"y a !oo:$er o) (7e :7o"e. 7ere)ore, a$y o) (7e 7e#r' o) a$ u$+#;#+e+ e'(a(e, a' 'u!7!oo:$er, be!oe' e$(#("e+ (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) "e?a" re+e*(#o$ a' 'oo$ a'

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21/103

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22/103

C7aber', o) a$ a))#+a;#( (o (7e e))e!( (7a( )ora" $o(#!e' o) (7e 'a"e 7a+ bee$'e$( (o a"" *o''#b"e re+e*(#o$er', (7e +ee+ o) 'a"e :a' +u"y re?#'(ere+ a$+ra$')er Cer(#)#!a(e o) #("e No. 52J9 :a' !a$!e""e+ #$ "#eu o) :7#!7 a $e: o$e:a' #''ue+ #$ (7e $ae o) (7e ;e$+ee a$+ (7e o(7er !oo:$er'.O$ (7e 'ae +ay De!eber 9, 195H, a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. 'e$( a "e((er (o

(7e a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e I'"a$+' a' 8u+#!#a" a+#$#'(ra(or o) (7e e'(a(e o) (7e"a(e o'e V. Ra#re #$)or#$? #( o) (7e abo;e e$(#o$e+ 'a"e. 7#' "e((er,(o?e(7er :#(7 (7a( o) (7e ba$A, :a' )or:ar+e+ by (7e "a((er (o r'. u((e !Xo 7er!ou$'e" De"?a+o, F"ore' a$+ a!a*a?a", E'!o"(a, a$#"a, a$+ 7a;#$? re!e#;e+(7e 'ae o$ De!eber 10, 195, 'a#+ "a: o))#!e +e"#;ere+ (7e (o *"a#$(#))a**e""a$(@' 'o$, r. #?ue" a*a, :7o #$ (ur$ *er'o$a""y 7a$+e+ (7e "e((er' (o7#' o(7er, r'. u((e, o$ De!eber 11 or 12, 195. &'#+e )ro (7#' "e((er o)+e)e$+a$(a**e""a$(, (7e ;e$+or, (7ru 7er a((or$ey#$)a!( r'. C7aber', :ro(e'a#+ ba$A o$ De!eber 11, 195 !o$)#r#$? ;e$+ee@' "e((er re?ar+#$? (7e 'a"eo) 7er 1X6 '7are #$ (7e S(a. Cru *ro*er(y )or (7e 'u o) 500,000.00. Sa#+ "e((er

:a' re!e#;e+ by (7e ba$A o$ De!eber 15, 195 a$+ 7a;#$? e$+or'e+ #( (o r'.u((e@' !ou$'e", (7e "a((er re!e#;e+ (7e 'ae o$ De!eber 16, 195. &**e""a$(re!e#;e+ (7e "e((er o$ De!eber 19, 195.O$ a$uary 15, 1959, r'. &$?e"a . u((e, (7ru &((y. Re'*"a$+or Sobre(o+o,'e$( a "e((er a$+ a 7#"#**#$e Na(#o$a" a$A !a'7#er@' !7e!A #$ (7e aou$( o)500,000.00 (o a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. o))er#$? (o re+ee (7e 1X6 '7are 'o"+ byr'. ar#e Gar$#er V+a. +e Ra#re. 7#' (e$+er 7a;#$? bee$ re)u'e+, *"a#$(#))o$ (7e 'ae +ay !o$'#?$e+ (7e aou$( #$ !our( a$+ )#"e+ (7e !orre'*o$+#$?a!(#o$ )or "e?a" re+e*(#o$. #(7ou( *re8u+#!e (o (7e +e(er#$a(#o$ by (7e !our(

o) (7e rea'o$ab"e a$+ )a#r arAe( ;a"ue o) (7e *ro*er(y 'o"+ :7#!7 '7e a""e?e+ (obe ?ro''"y e!e''#;e, *"a#$(#)) *raye+ )or !o$;eya$!e o) (7e *ro*er(y, a$+ )ora!(ua", ora" a$+ ee*"ary +aa?e'.

&)(er (7e )#"#$? by +e)e$+a$( o) #(' a$':er !o$(a#$#$? a !ou$(er!"a#, a$+*"a#$(#))@' re*"y (7ere(o, (r#a" :a' 7e"+, a)(er :7#!7 (7e !our( re$+ere+ +e!#'#o$ o$ay 13, 1959, +#'#''#$? *"a#$(#))@' !o*"a#$( o$ (7e ?rou$+' (7a( '7e 7a' $or#?7( (o re+ee (7e *ro*er(y a$+ (7a(, #) e;er '7e 7a+ a$y, '7e eer!#'e+ (7e'ae beyo$+ (7e '(a(u(ory 30+ay *er#o+ )or "e?a" re+e*(#o$' *ro;#+e+ by (7eC#;#" Co+e. 7e !ou$(er!"a# o) +e)e$+a$( )or +aa?e' :a' "#Ae:#'e +#'#''e+)or $o( be#$? 'u))#!#e$("y e'(ab"#'7e+. o(7 *ar(#e' a**ea"e+ +#re!("y (o (7#' Cour(.

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1, a$+ 1623 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e o) (7e 7#"#**#$e', :7#!7 rea+ a' )o""o:'>&R. 1620. & !oo:$er o) a (7#$? ay eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$ #$!a'e (7e '7are' o) a"" (7e o(7er !oo:$er' or o) a$y o) (7e, are 'o"+ (o a (7#r+*er'o$. I) (7e *r#!e o) (7e a"#e$a(#o$ #' ?ro''"y e!e''#;e, (7e re+e*(#o$er '7a""*ay o$"y a rea'o$ab"e o$e.

S7ou"+ (:o or ore !oo:$er' +e'#re (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$, (7eyay o$"y +o 'o #$ *ro*or(#o$ (o (7e '7are (7ey ay re'*e!(#;e"y 7a;e #$ (7e(7#$? o:$e+ #$ !oo$. 1522aH>>&R. 1623. 7e r#?7( o) "e?a" *ree*(#o$ or re+e*(#o$ '7a"" $o( beeer!#'e+ e!e*( :#(7#$ (7#r(y +ay' )ro (7e $o(#!e #$ :r#(#$? by (7e *ro'*e!(#;e;e$+or, or by (7e ;e$+or, a' (7e !a'e ay be. 7e +ee+ o) 'a"e '7a"" $o( bere!or+e+ #$ (7e Re?#'(ry o) ro*er(y, u$"e'' a!!o*a$#e+ by a$ a))#+a;#( o) (7e;e$+or (7a( 7e 7a' ?#;e$ :r#((e$ $o(#!e (7ereo) (o a"" *o''#b"e re+e*(#o$er'.7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$ o) !oo:$er' e!"u+e' (7a( o) a+8o#$#$? o:$er'.1524aH>

7a( (7e a**e""a$( &$?e"a . u((e #' e$(#("e+ (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) "e?a"re+e*(#o$ #' !"ear. &' (e'(ae$(ary 7e#r o) (7e e'(a(e o) . V. Ra#re, '7e a$+7er !o7e#r' a!&R. JJ6. 7e #$7er#(a$!e #$!"u+e' a"" (7e *ro*er(y, r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) a

*er'o$ :7#!7 are $o( e(#$?u#'7e+ by 7#' +ea(7. 659H>>&R. JJJ. 7e r#?7(' (o (7e 'u!!e''#o$ are (ra$'#((e+ )ro (7e oe$( o) (7e+ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(. 65JaH>>&R. 94J. 7e "e?a(ee or +e;#'e' a!7e *r#$!#*"e o) (ra$'#''#o$ a' o) (7e (#e o) (7e *re+e!e''or@' +ea(7 #' ba'#!#$ our C#;#" Co+e, a$+ #' 'u**or(e+ by o(7er re"a(e+ ar(#!"e'. 7u', (7e !a*a!#(yo) (7e 7e#r #' +e(er#$e+ a' o) (7e (#e (7e +e!e+e$( +#e+ &r(. 1034H (7e"e?#(#e #' (o be !o*u(e+ a' o) (7e 'ae oe$( &r(. 90H, a$+ 'o #' (7e

#$o))#!#ou'$e'' o) (7e +o$a(#o$' #$(er ;#;o' &r(. JJ1H. S##"ar"y, (7e "e?a!#e' o)!re+#( a$+ re#''#o$ are ;a"#+ o$"y #$ (7e aou$( +ue a$+ ou('(a$+#$? a( (7e+ea(7 o) (7e (e'(a(or &r(. 935H, a$+ (7e )ru#(' a!!ru#$? a)(er (7a( #$'(a$( are+eee+ (o *er(a#$ (o (7e "e?a(ee &r(. 94H.

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+e!e+e$( !au'a$(eH. & !oo:$er o) a$ u$+#;#+e+ '7are #' $e!e''ar#"y a !oo:$er o) (7e :7o"e. 7ere)ore, a$y o$e o) (7e Ra#re 7e#r', a' 'u!7 !oo:$er,be!ae e$(#("e+ (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) "e?a" re+e*(#o$ re(ra!(o +e!ou$ero'H a' 'oo$ a' a$o(7er !oo:$er ar#e Gar$#er V+a. +e Ra#reH 7a+'o"+ 7er u$+#;#+e+ '7are (o a '(ra$?er, a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. 7#' r#?7( o)

re+e*(#o$ ;e'(e+ e!"u'#;e"y #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e re+e*(#o$er@'


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'a(#')y (7e !re+#(or' o) (7e e'(a(e, #( :ou"+ $o( +e'(roy (7e#r o:$er'7#* o) #(be)ore (7e 'a"e, bu( :ou"+ o$"y !o$;ey or (ra$')er #( a' o) (7e (#e (7e '7are (7a(or#?#$a""y be"o$?e+ (o Ra#re #' #$ (ur$ 'o"+ #) #( a!(ua""y #' 'o"+H (o *ay 7#'!re+#(or'. =e$!e, (7e r#?7( o) a$y o) (7e Ra#re 7e#r' (o re+ee (7e Gar$#er'7are :#"" $o( be re(roa!(#;e"y a))e!(e+. &"" (7a( (7e "a: re


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*ar(y $o(#)#e+ $ee+ $o( e$(er(a#$ +oub( (7a( (7e 'e""er ay '(#"" !o$(e'( (7ea"#e$a(#o$. 7#' a''ura$!e :ou"+ $o( e#'( #) (7e $o(#!e '7ou"+ be ?#;e$ by (7ebuyer.7e $o(#!e :7#!7 be!ae o*era(#;e #' (7a( ?#;e$ by r'. C7aber', #$ 7er!a*a!#(y a' a((or$ey#$)a!( o) (7e ;e$+or ar#e Gar$#er V+a. +e Ra#re. /$+er

+a(e o) De!eber 11, 195, '7e :ro(e (7e &+#$#'(ra(or a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$eI'"a$+' (7a( 7er *r#$!#*a"@' o$e '#(7 1X6H '7are #$ (7e S(a. Cru *ro*er(y 7a+bee$ 'o"+ (o a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. )or 500,000.00. 7e a$A re!e#;e+ (7#'$o(#!e o$ De!eber 15, 195, a$+ o$ (7e 'ae +ay e$+or'e+ #( (o r'. u((e,!are o) De"?a+o, F"ore' a$+ a!a*a?a" 7er a((or$ey'H, :7o re!e#;e+ (7e 'aeo$ De!eber 16, 195. r'. u((e (e$+ere+ re+e*(#o$ a$+ u*o$ #(' re)u'a",

8u+#!#a""y !o$'#?$e+ (7e *r#!e o) 500,000 o$ a$uary 15, 1959. 7e "a((er +a(e:a' (7e "a'( o$e o) (7e (7#r(y +ay' a""o:e+ by (7e Co+e )or (7e re+e*(#o$,!ou$(e+ by e!"u+#$? De!eber 16, 195 a$+ #$!"u+#$? a$uary 15, 1959,*ur'ua$( (o &r(#!"e 13 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e. 7ere)ore, (7e re+e*(#o$ :a' a+e #$

+ue (#e.7e +a(e o) re!e#*( o) (7e ;e$+or@' $o(#!e by (7e &+#$#'(ra(or a$A De!eber15H !a$ $o( be !ou$(e+ a' +e(er#$#$? (7e '(ar( o) (7e (7#r(y +ay' )or (7e

&+#$#'(ra(or o) (7e e'(a(e :a' $o( a *ro*er re+e*(#o$er, '#$!e, a' *re;#ou'"y'7o:$, (7e r#?7( (o re+ee (7e '7are o) ar#e Gar$#er +#+ $o( )or *ar( o) (7ee'(a(e o) o'e V. Ra#re.e )#$+ $o 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or a**e""a$(@' !"a# (7a( (7e 500,000 *a#+ by /y %So$', I$!. )or (7e Gar$#er '7are #' ?ro''"y e!e''#;e. Gro'' e!e'' !a$ $o( be*re+#!a(e+ o$ ere #$+#;#+ua" e'(#a(e' o) arAe( *r#!e by a '#$?"e rea"(or.

7e re+e*(#o$ a$+ !o$'#?$a(#o$ 7a;#$? bee$ *ro*er"y a+e, (7e /y!ou$(er!"a# )or +aa?e' a$+ a((or$ey'@ )ee' *re+#!a(e+ o$ (7e a''u*(#o$ (7a(*"a#$(#))@' a!(#o$ :a' !"ear"y u$)ou$+e+, be!oe' u$(e$ab"e.REISES CONSIDERED, (7e 8u+?e$( a**ea"e+ )ro #' 7ereby re;er'e+ a$+'e( a'#+e, a$+ a$o(7er o$e e$(ere+aH De!"ar#$? (7e !o$'#?$a(#o$ o) 500,000 a+e by a**e""a$( &$?e"a .u((e +u"y a$+ *ro*er"y a+ebH De!"ar#$? (7a( 'a#+ a**e""a$( *ro*er"y eer!#'e+ #$ +ue (#e (7e "e?a"re+e*(#o$ o) (7e o$e'#(7 1X6H u$+#;#+e+ *or(#o$ o) (7e "a$+ !o;ere+ byCer(#)#!a(e o) #("e No. 59363 o) (7e O))#!e o) (7e Re?#'(er o) Dee+' o) (7e C#(y o)

a$#"a, 'o"+ o$ De!eber 9, 195 by ar#e Gar$#er V+a. +e Ra#re (oa**e""a$( a$ue" /y % So$', I$!.!H Or+er#$? a**e""a$( a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. (o a!!e*( (7e !o$'#?$e+ *r#!ea$+ (o !o$;ey (o &$?e"a . u((e (7e u$+#;#+e+ *or(#o$ abo;ere)erre+ (o, :#(7#$30 +ay' )ro (7e (#e our +e!#'#o$ be!oe' )#$a", a$+ 'ub'e


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*ro!ee+#$?' !o$)orab"e (o (7#' o*#$#o$.#(7ou( )#$+#$? a' (o !o'('.e$?o$, C.., a+#""a, au(#'(a &$?e"o, -abra+or, Co$!e*!#o$, arrera, a$+D#o$, ., !o$!ur.are+e' a$+ De -eo$, ., +#+ $o( (aAe *ar(.

C o * y r # ? 7 ( 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 9 C D e ! 7 $ o " o ? # e ' & ' # a, I $ !.

FIRS DIVISION[G.R. No. 131953. u$e 5, 2002.]&. ESE-& &G-&S&NG, NICO-&S C&&ING&N a$+ ER- S.C&&ING&N, *e(#(#o$er', ;'. =E =EIRS OF COR&QON C&&ING&N,$ae"y, -/Q . O/I&, ER-& . &E--&, ESRE--& . C&PEE,-O/RDES . /SON, a$+ /-I& -. &O-, =EIRS OF GENOVIV& C.N&IVID&D $ae"y, OSC&R C. N&IVID&D, O-G& N&IVID&D, ODEE

N&IVID&D, O=E-I& N&IVID&D, RIC=&RD N&IVID&D, R&/NDN&IVID&D, RIC=IE N&IVID&D, SONI& N&IVID&D a$+ ENC&RN&CIONC&&ING&N VD&. DE RINID&D, &-FREDO C&&ING&N a$+ ES/S& C.N&V&D&, re'*o$+e$('.#e$;e$#+o R. Sa$#e", r. )or *e(#(#o$er'.Se$#$#$? e"!#Ba % &(u* )or *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$('.SNOSISCo$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$, +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e, ee!u(e+ )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$ #$)a;or o) *e(#(#o$er'. 7e Dee+' *ro;#+e, ao$? o(7er', (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$ :#""

be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7e +o$or a$+ (7e 'ae '7a"" be re'!#$+e+#$ !a'e (7e +o$ee *re+e!ea'e+ (7e +o$or. &)(er Co$!7#(a@' +ea(7, re'*o$+e$(',7e#r' o) Co$!7#(a, )#"e+ a$ a!(#o$ be)ore (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) a$+aue,'eeA#$? (7e a$$u"e$( o) (7e 'a#+ )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$. Re'*o$+e$('a""e?e+, #$(er a"#a, (7a( (7e +o!ue$(' :ere ;o#+ )or )a#"#$? (o !o*"y :#(7 (7e*ro;#'#o$' o) (7e C#;#" Co+e re?ar+#$? )ora"#(#e' o) :#""' a$+ (e'(ae$(',!o$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e Dee+' :ere +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a. 7e RC )a;orab"yru"e+ )or (7e re'*o$+e$('. =e$!e, (7#' *e(#(#o$.e(#(#o$er' #$'#'(e+ (7a( (7e Dee+' :ere #$(er ;#;o' +o$a(#o$' a' (7ey :erea+e by (7e "a(e Co$!7#(a >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e

+o$or> )or (7e +o$ee, a$+ (7ere :a' $o(7#$? #$ (7e Dee+' :7#!7 #$+#!a(e (7a( (7e+o$a(#o$' :ere a+e #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) Co$!7#(a@' +ea(7. e(#(#o$er' )ur(7era""e?e+ (7a( (7e '(#*u"a(#o$ o$ re'!#''#o$ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er' +#e a7ea+ o)Co$!7#(a :a' a re'o"u(ory !o$+#(#o$ (7a( !o$)#re+ (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$'a' #$(er ;#;o'.7e Su*ree Cour( )ou$+ *e(#(#o$er'@ ar?ue$(' bere)( o) er#(. I( 7e"+ (7a( #$ a+o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, >(7e r#?7( o) +#'*o'#(#o$ #' $o( (ra$')erre+ (o (7e +o$ee:7#"e (7e +o$or #' '(#"" a"#;e.> I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$' a'


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or(#' !au'a :a' !o$)#re+ by (7e )a!( (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' +#+ $o( !o$(a#$ a$y!"ear *ro;#'#o$ (7a( #$(e$+' (o *a'' *ro*r#e(ary r#?7(' (o *e(#(#o$er' *r#or (oCo$!7#(a@' +ea(7. 7e *7ra'e >(o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7eDONOR> a+#(' o) $o o(7er #$(er*re(a(#o$ bu( (7a( Co$!7#(a +#+ $o( #$(e$+ (o(ra$')er (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e *ro*er(#e' (o *e(#(#o$er' +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e. 7a(

(7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e+o$or> +#+ $o(


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!o$'#+ere+ ;o#+ #) (7e +o$or '7ou"+ 'ur;#;e (7e +o$ee. 7#' #' ea!("y :7a(Caba(#$?a$ *ro;#+e+ )or #$ 7er +o$a(#o$'. I) '7e rea""y #$(e$+e+ (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$'7ou"+ (aAe e))e!( +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e a$+ (7a( (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e *ro*er(#e'+o$a(e+ be (ra$')erre+ (o (7e +o$ee or #$+e*e$+e$("y o), a$+ $o( by rea'o$ o)7er +ea(7, '7e :ou"+ 7a;e $o( e*re''e+ 'u!7 *ro;#'o #$ (7e 'ub8e!( +ee+'.

&DaEI=4. ID. ID. ID. /S E EEC/ED IN &CCORD&NCE I=RE/ISIES ON SO-ENIIES OF I--S &ND ES&ENS S/ECDEEDS OF DON&ION CONSIDERED N/-- &ND VOID IN C&SE & &R. Co$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e +#'*u(e+ +o$a(#o$' are +o$a(#o$' or(#' !au'a, (7e 'ae*ar(aAe o) (7e $a(ure o) (e'(ae$(ary *ro;#'#o$' a$+ a' 'u!7, 'a#+ +ee+' u'(be ee!u(e+ #$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 (7e re


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Our'HO$ ay 9, 1995, Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$ +#e+./*o$ "ear$#$? o) (7e e#'(e$!e o) (7e )ore?o#$? +o$a(#o$', re'*o$+e$(' )#"e+ :#(7(7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) a$+aue, ra$!7 55, a$ a!(#o$ )or &$$u"e$(

&$+XOr De!"ara(#o$ o) Nu""#(y o) Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$' a$+ &!!ou$(#$?, +o!Ae(e+

a' C#;#" Ca'e No. &N2599, 'eeA#$? (7e a$$u"e$( o) 'a#+ )our 4H +ee+' o)+o$a(#o$ ee!u(e+ o$ a$uary 14, 1995. Re'*o$+e$(' a""e?e, #$(er a"#a, (7a(*e(#(#o$er', (7rou?7 (7e#r '#$#'(er a!7#$a(#o$' a$+ '(ra(e?#e' a$+ (aA#$?a+;a$(a?e o) Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$@' )ra?#"e !o$+#(#o$, !au'e+ (7e ee!u(#o$ o)(7e +ee+' o) +o$a(#o$, a$+, (7a( (7e +o!ue$(' are ;o#+ )or )a#"#$? (o !o*"y:#(7 (7e *ro;#'#o$' o) (7e C#;#" Co+e re?ar+#$? )ora"#(#e' o) :#""' a$+(e'(ae$(', !o$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e'e are +o$a(#o$' or(#' !au'a. 4 Re'*o$+e$('*raye+ (7a( a re!e#;er be a**o#$(e+ #$ or+er (o *re'er;e (7e +#'*u(e+ *ro*er(#e',a$+, (7a( (7ey be +e!"are+ a' !oo:$er' o) (7e *ro*er(#e' #$ e=EREFORE, a$+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) a"" (7e )ore?o#$?, 8u+?e$( #' 7erebyre$+ere+ #$ )a;or o) (7e *"a#$(#))' a$+ a?a#$'( (7e +e)e$+a$( a$+ u$:#""#$? !o*"a#$(#)) :#(7 re?ar+' '#!H (o (7e )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$ &$$ee' >&>, >&1>, >>

a$+ &$$e >C> :7#!7 #' (7e 'ub8e!( o) (7#' *ar(#a" +e!#'#o$ byaH De!"ar#$? (7e )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$ a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+ ab #$#(#o )or be#$? a+o$a(#o$ or(#' Cau'a a$+ )or )a#"ure (o !o*"y :#(7 )ora" a$+ 'o"e$ re J7e !our( a


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C&/S& &ND, INSE&D, ROCEEDED O INERRE =E DON&IONS IN/ESION IN & &NNER CONR&R =EREO.> 10e(#(#o$er' #$'#'( (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' are #$(er ;#;o' +o$a(#o$' a' (7e'e :erea+e by (7e "a(e Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$ >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$o) (7e +o$or> )or (7e +o$ee, a$+ (7ere #' $o(7#$? #$ (7e +ee+' :7#!7 #$+#!a(e (7a(

(7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) Caba(#$?a$@' +ea(7. 11 I$ a++#(#o$,*e(#(#o$er' !o$(e$+ (7a( (7e '(#*u"a(#o$ o$ re'!#''#o$ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er' +#ea7ea+ o) Caba(#$?a$ #' a re'o"u(ory !o$+#(#o$ (7a( !o$)#r' (7e $a(ure o) (7e+o$a(#o$ a' #$(er ;#;o'.e(#(#o$er'@ ar?ue$(' are bere)( o) er#(.I$ a +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, >(7e r#?7( o) +#'*o'#(#o$ #' $o( (ra$')erre+ (o (7e+o$ee :7#"e (7e +o$or #' '(#"" a"#;e.> 12 I$ +e(er#$#$? :7e(7er a +o$a(#o$ #' o$eo) or(#' !au'a, (7e )o""o:#$? !7ara!(er#'(#!' u'( be (aAe$ #$(o a!!ou$(1H I( !o$;ey' $o (#("e or o:$er'7#* (o (7e (ra$')eree be)ore (7e +ea(7 o) (7e(ra$')eror or :7a( aou$(' (o (7e 'ae (7#$?, (7a( (7e (ra$')eror '7ou"+ re(a#$

(7e o:$er'7#* )u"" or $aAe+H a$+ !o$(ro" o) (7e *ro*er(y :7#"e a"#;e2H 7a( be)ore 7#' +ea(7, (7e (ra$')er '7ou"+ be re;o!ab"e by (7e (ra$')eror a(:#"", a+ $u(u bu( re;o!ab#"#(y ay be *ro;#+e+ )or #$+#re!("y by ea$' o) are'er;e+ *o:er #$ (7e +o$or (o +#'*o'e o) (7e *ro*er(#e' !o$;eye+a$+3H 7a( (7e (ra$')er '7ou"+ be ;o#+ #) (7e (ra$')eror '7ou"+ 'ur;#;e (7e(ra$')eree. 13I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$' a' or(#' !au'a #' !o$)#re+ by(7e )a!( (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' +o $o( !o$(a#$ a$y !"ear *ro;#'#o$ (7a( #$(e$+' (o

*a'' *ro*r#e(ary r#?7(' (o *e(#(#o$er' *r#or (o Caba(#$?a$@' +ea(7. 14 7e *7ra'e>(o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7e DONOR> a+#(' o) $o o(7er#$(er*re(a(#o$ bu( (7a( Caba(#$?a$ +#+ $o( #$(e$+ (o (ra$')er (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e*ro*er(#e' (o *e(#(#o$er' +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e. e(#(#o$er' (7e'e";e' e*re''"y!o$)#re+ (7e +o$a(#o$' a' or(#' !au'a #$ (7e )o""o:#$? &!!e*(a$!e a$+

&((e'(a(#o$ !"au'e', u$#)or"y )ou$+ #$ (7e 'ub8e!( +ee+' o) +o$a(#o$, (o :#(>7a( (7e DONEE +oe' 7ereby a!!e*( (7e )ore?o#$? +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'au$+er (7e (er' a$+ !o$+#(#o$' 'e( )or(7 (7ere#$, a$+ a;a#" 7er'e") o) (7#'o!!a'#o$ (o e*re'' 7er *ro)ou$+ ?ra(#(u+e )or (7e A#$+$e'' a$+ ?e$ero'#(y o)(7e DONOR.>

>SIGNED by (7e abo;e$ae+ DONOR a$+ DONEE a( (7e )oo( o) (7#' Dee+ o)Do$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, :7#!7 !o$'#'(' o) (:o 2H *a?e' . . . .> 157a( (7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e+o$or> +oe' $o(


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>7a( )or a$+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ :7#!7 (7e DONOR 7a')or (7e DONEE, (7e 'a#+ Do$or by (7e'e *re'e$(' +oe' 7ereby ?#;e, (ra$')er,a$+ !o$;ey u$(o (7e DONEE, 7er 7e#r' a$+ a''#?$' a *or(#o$ o) ONE=/NDRED =O/S&ND 100,000H S/&RE EERS, o$ (7e 'ou(7ea'(er$*ar( ro#$+#;#'o o) (7e abo;e +e'!r#be+ *ro*er(y. 7e *or(#o$ 7ere#$ +o$a(e+ #'

:#(7#$ -o( 2 o) (7e *ro*o'e+ ae$+e$( "a$ Sub+#;#'#o$ o) -o(' No'. 1 a$+2, 'u109393H, :#(7 a"" (7e bu#"+#$?' a$+ #*ro;ee$(' (7ereo$, (o be!oee))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7e DONOR. e*7a'#' 'u**"#e+H> 1No(ab"y, (7e )ore?o#$? *ro;#'#o$ #' '##"ar (o (7a( !o$(a#$e+ #$ (7e +o$a(#o$ee!u(e+ by Caba(#$?a$. e 7e"+ #$ e#ba$ !a'e (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$ #' a or(#'!au'a +o$a(#o$, a$+ (7a( (7e abo;e 19e a**"y (7e abo;e ru"#$?' (o (7e *re'e$( !a'e. 7e 7ere#$ 'ub8e!( +ee+'e*re''"y *ro;#+e (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$ '7a"" be re'!#$+e+ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er'

*re+e!ea'e Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$. &' '(a(e+ #$ Reye' ;. o'


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*a?e (7ereo), e!e*( (7e "a'(, o$ (7e "e)( ar?#$, a$+ a"" (7e *a?e' '7a"" be$ubere+ !orre"a(#;e"y #$ "e((er' *"a!e+ o$ (7e u**er *ar( o) ea!7 *a?e.7e a((e'(a(#o$ '7a"" '(a(e (7e $uber o) *a?e' u'e+ u*o$ :7#!7 (7e :#"" #':r#((e$, a$+ (7e )a!( (7a( (7e (e'(a(or '#?$e+ (7e :#"" a$+ e;ery *a?e (7ereo), or!au'e+ 'oe o(7er *er'o$ (o :r#(e 7#' $ae, u$+er 7#' e*re'' +#re!(#o$, #$ (7e

*re'e$!e o) (7e #$'(rue$(a" :#($e''e', a$+ (7a( (7e "a((er :#($e''e+ a$+ '#?$e+(7e :#"" a$+ a"" (7e *a?e' (7ereo) #$ (7e *re'e$!e o) (7e (e'(a(or a$+ o) o$ea$o(7er.I) (7e a((e'(a(#o$ !"au'e #' #$ a "a$?ua?e $o( A$o:$ (o (7e :#($e''e', #( '7a"" be#$(er*re(e+ (o (7e. $H

&R. 06. E;ery :#"" u'( be a!A$o:"e+?e+ be)ore a $o(ary *ub"#! by (7e(e'(a(or a$+ (7e :#($e''e'. 7e $o(ary *ub"#! '7a"" $o( be re7e +ee+' #$ > (o >E>, **. 4551.15. Ro""o, &$$ee' >> (o >E>, **. 4552.16. S#!a+ ;. Cour( o) &**ea"', 'u*ra, *. 194, !#(#$? &"e8a$+ro ;. Gera"+e, JSCR& 245 [19JJ].


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1J. 131 SCR& 264 [194].1. Ib#+., *. 269.19. Ib#+., *. 2J0.20. See No(e 13.21. &r(#!"e J2, C#;#" Co+e.

C o * y r # ? 7 ( 2 0 0 2 C D e ! 7 $ o " o ? # e ' & ' # a, I $ !.

=IRD DIVISION[G.R. No. 146006. February 23, 2004.]OSE C. -EE &ND &-& &GG&&O, #$ (7e#r !a*a!#(#e' a' re'#+e$( a$+Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#**#$e' I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)e I$'ura$!eCo*a$y, a$+ FI-IINO -O&N &SSIS&NCE GRO/, *e(#(#o$er', ;'.REGION&- RI&- CO/R OF /EQON CI R&NC= 5 *re'#+e+ by/DGE EDRO . &REO-&, R&NC= C-ERK OF CO/R &NICE .

&NERO, DE/ S=ERIFFS &DEN&/ER G. RIVER& a$+ EDRO -.OR&, a"" o) (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) ueo$ C#(y ra$!7 5, &. DIVIN&ENDERES !"a##$? (o be S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#, a$+ o(7er *er'o$'X*ub"#!o))#!er' a!(#$? )or a$+ #$ (7e#r be7a"), re'*o$+e$('.

&!o'(a &?u#rre % Fer$a$+e -a: F#r )or *e(#(#o$er'.#!ao uy!o a$ F#+er a$+ Sa$(o' )or re'*o$+e$('.SNOSISDr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe o:$e+ $#$e(y *er!e$( 90UH o) (7e 'ub'!r#be+ !a*#(a"'(o!A o) 7#"#**#$e I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)e I$'ura$!e Co*a$y, I$!. 7#"#$(er"#)eH. &)(er

7#' +ea(7, 7e :a' 'ur;#;e+ by 7#' :#)e, u"#a$a Sa"?a+o Or(aBe, (7ree"e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$, $ae"y Ra)ae", o'e a$+ &$(o$#o a$+ )#;e #""e?#(#a(e!7#"+re$ by -#?aya No;#!#o, $ae"y a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere', o'e Or(aBe,Roeo Or(aBe, E$r#!o a$ue" Or(aBe a$+ Cear Or(aBe. Ra)ae" a$+ o'eOr(aBe :ere a**o#$(e+ a' '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(or' o) 7#' e'(a(e. =o:e;er, +ur#$?(7e *e$+e$!y o) (7e e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?', u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ 7er (:o 'o$',Ra)ae" a$+ o'e, e$(ere+ #$(o a eora$+u o) &?reee$( )or (7e e(ra8u+#!#a"'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe by *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e 'a#+ e'(a(e ao$?(7e'e";e'. y rea'o$ (7ereo), u"#a$a Or(aBe 'o"+ (7e 1,014 7#"#$(er"#)e'7are' o) '(o!A' a$+ o'e Or(aBe a"'o 'o"+ (7e 1,011 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' #$

)a;or o) F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou* F-&GH. 7e'e (ra$'a!(#o$' :ere


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Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary &"a &??abao o) 7#"#$(er"#)e. 7erea)(er, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(?ra$(e+ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( E$+ere'@ o(#o$ (o +#re!( (7e bra$!7 !"erA o) !our( #$"#eu o) *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao (o re#$'(a(e (7e $ae o) Dr. Or(aBe #$ (7e'(o!A a$+ (ra$')er booA o) 7#"#$(er"#)e a$+ (o #''ue (7e !orre'*o$+#$? '(o!A!er(#)#!a(e *ur'ua$( (o Se!(#o$ 10, Ru"e 39 o) (7e Ru"e' o) Cour(. 7e 'a#+ Or+er

:a' "a(er u*7e"+ by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"'. =e$!e, (7#' *e(#(#o$. S&=ICI$ +e$y#$? (7e *e(#(#o$, (7e Cour( ru"e+ (7a( a$ 7e#r !a$ 'e"" 7#' r#?7(, #$(ere'(, or*ar(#!#*a(#o$ #$ (7e *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ u$+er &r(. 533 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e:7#!7 *ro;#+e' (7a( *o''e''#o$ o) 7ere+#(ary *ro*er(y #' +eee+ (ra$'#((e+ (o(7e 7e#r :#(7ou( #$(erru*(#o$ )ro (7e oe$( o) +ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(.=o:e;er, a$ 7e#r !a$ o$"y a"#e$a(e 'u!7 *or(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e (7a( ay bea""o((e+ (o 7# #$ (7e +#;#'#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e *roba(e or #$(e'(a(e !our( a)(er)#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$, (7a( #', a)(er a"" +eb(or' '7a"" 7a;e bee$ *a#+ or (7e +e;#'ee'or "e?a(ee' '7a"" 7a;e bee$ ?#;e$ (7e#r '7are'. 7#' ea$' (7a( a$ 7e#r ay 'e""o$"y 7#' #+ea" or u$+#;#+e+ '7are #$ (7e e'(a(e, $o( a$y '*e!#)#! *ro*er(y (7ere#$.

I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe 'o"+ '*e!#)#! *ro*er(#e'o) (7e e'(a(e #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G. 7#' (7ey !ou"+ $o( "a:)u""y +o *e$+#$?(7e )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( be!au'e o) (7e u$+ue*re8u+#!e #( :ou"+ !au'e (7e o(7er !"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e, a' :7a( 7a**e$e+ #$(7e *re'e$( !a'e. u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe 'o"+ '*e!#)#! *ro*er(#e' o)(7e e'(a(e :#(7ou( !our( a**ro;a".oreo;er, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( 7a' (7e *o:er (o ee!u(e #(' or+er :#(7 re?ar+ (o(7e $u""#(y o) a$ u$au(7or#e+ 'a"e o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y, o(7er:#'e #(' *o:er (oa$$u" (7e u$au(7or#e+ or )rau+u"e$( +#'*o'#(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y :ou"+ be

ea$#$?"e''. I$ o(7er :or+', e$)or!ee$( #' a $e!e''ary a+8u$!( o) (7e#$(e'(a(e or *roba(e !our(@' *o:er (o a$$u" u$au(7or#e+ or )rau+u"e$((ra$'a!(#o$' (o *re;e$( (7e +#''#*a(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y be)ore )#$a"a+8u+#!a(#o$. SEDIa=S--&/S1. REEDI&- -& CIVI- ROCED/RE /DGEN ISS/ES =& =&DEEN SE-ED & -ONG IE &GO S=O/-D NO E REOENED. e!a$$o( a""o: *e(#(#o$er' (o reo*e$ (7e #''ue o) $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A #$ (7e#r )a;or be!au'e (7#' :a' a"rea+y 'e(("e+ a "o$?(#e a?o by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ #(' +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R.

S No. 46342. 7#' +e!#'#o$ :a' e))e!(#;e"y u*7e"+ by u' #$ our re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+O!(ober 9, 199 #$ G.R. No. 1351JJ +#'#''#$? (7e *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ a(e!7$#!a"#(y a$+ (7erea)(er +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ o$ a$uary13, 1999 o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :a' $o !o*e""#$? rea'o$ (o re!o$'#+er 'a#++e$#a". Our +e!#'#o$ be!ae )#$a" o$ February 23, 1999 a$+ :a' a!!or+#$?"ye$(ere+ #$ (7e booA o) e$(ry o) 8u+?e$('. For a"" #$(e$(' a$+ *ur*o'e'(7ere)ore, (7e $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a+e byu"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G #' a"rea+y a


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!"o'e+ !a'e. o reo*e$ 'a#+ #''ue :ou"+ 'e( a ba+ *re!e+e$(, o*e$#$? (7e +oor:#+e o*e$ )or +#''a(#')#e+ *ar(#e' (o re"#(#?a(e u$)a;orab"e +e!#'#o$' $o e$+. 7#'#' !o*"e(e"y #$##!a" (o (7e or+er"y a$+ e))#!#e$( a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) 8u'(#!e.2. ID. SECI&- ROCEEDINGS SE-EEN OF ES&E OFDECE&SED ERSONS ER&/DICI&-- &RIIONING =E INES&E

ES&E &ONG =EIRS DESIE =EIR KNO-EDGE =& =ERE EREO=ER =EIRS OR C-&I&NS O =E ES&E &S INV&-ID. [I]( #' !"ear(7a( u"#a$a Or(aBe, a$+ 7er (7ree 'o$', o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o, a""'ur$ae+ Or(aBe, #$;a"#+"y e$(ere+ #$(o a eora$+u o) a?reee$(e(ra8u+#!#a""y *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(e ao$? (7e'e";e', +e'*#(e (7e#r,A$o:"e+?e (7a( (7ere :ere o(7er 7e#r' or !"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e a$+ be)ore )#$a"'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(. S#$!e (7e a**ro*r#a(#o$ o) (7ee'(a(e *ro*er(#e' by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ 7er !7#"+re$ o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#oOr(aBeH :a' #$;a"#+, (7e 'ub'e


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OF ES&E ROER. 7e #$(e'(a(e !our( 7a' (7e *o:er (o ee!u(e #('or+er :#(7 re?ar+ (o (7e $u""#(y o) a$ u$au(7or#e+ 'a"e o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y,o(7er:#'e #(' *o:er (o a$$u" (7e u$au(7or#e+ or )rau+u"e$( +#'*o'#(#o$ o) e'(a(e*ro*er(y :ou"+ be ea$#$?"e''. I$ o(7er :or+', e$)or!ee$( #' a $e!e''arya+8u$!( o) (7e #$(e'(a(e or *roba(e !our(@' *o:er (o a$$u" u$au(7or#e+ or

)rau+u"e$( (ra$'a!(#o$' (o *re;e$( (7e +#''#*a(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y be)ore )#$a"a+8u+#!a(#o$. oreo;er, #$ (7#' !a'e, (7e or+er o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( $u""#)y#$? (7e'a"e :a' a))#re+ by (7e a**e""a(e !our(' (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ C&G.R. SNo. 46342 +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 a$+ 'ub'e


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'ur$ae+ Or(aBeH. 2O$ Se*(eber 24, 190, Ra)ae" Or(aBe )#"e+ be)ore (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!eo) R#a", ueo$ C#(y ra$!7 $o: Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) ueo$ C#(yH a*e(#(#o$ )or "e((er' o) a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe,+o!Ae(e+ a' S. ro!. 304 :7#!7 *e(#(#o$ (o +a(e rea#$' *e$+#$? a(

ra$!7 5 (7ereo)H.r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a$+ 7er '#b"#$?' )#"e+ a$o**o'#(#o$ (o (7e *e(#(#o$ )or "e((er' o) a+#$#'(ra(#o$ a$+, #$ a 'ub'e


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7er '#b"#$?' 7erea)(er re)erre+ (o a' *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' E$+ere' e( a".H )#"e+ ao(#o$ )or a**o#$(e$( o) '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(or o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A.7#' o;e :a' o**o'e+ by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.O$ No;eber , 1995, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$ o) *r#;a(ere'*o$+e$(' E$+ere' e( a". a$+ a**o#$(e+ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( E$+ere' '*e!#a"

a+#$#'(ra(r# o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A.O$ De!eber 20, 1995, S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# E$+ere' )#"e+ a$ ur?e$( o(#o$ (o+e!"are ;o#+ ab #$#(#o (7e eora$+u o) a?reee$( +a(e+ ar!7 4, 192. O$a$uary 9, 1996, '7e )#"e+ a o(#o$ (o +e!"are (7e *ar(#a" $u""#(y o) (7ee(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( o) (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e. 7e'e o(#o$' :ere o**o'e+by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.O$ ar!7 22, 1996, S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# E$+ere' )#"e+ a$ ur?e$( o(#o$ (o+e!"are ;o#+ ab #$#(#o (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A, :7#!7o;e :a' a?a#$ o**o'e+ by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.O$ February 4, 199J, o'e Or(aBe )#"e+ a$ o$#bu' o(#o$ )or 1H (7e a**ro;a"

o) (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a$+ 2H (7e re"ea'e o) a.D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a' '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(r# o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o)'(o!A o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :ere $o "o$?er a$y '7are' o) '(o!A )or 7er (oa+#$#'(er.O$ &u?u'( 11, 199J, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( +e$#e+ (7e o$#bu' o(#o$ o) S*e!#a"

&+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe )or (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e )or (7e rea'o$(7a(/$+er (7e Go+oy !a'e, 'u*ra, #( :a' 7e"+ #$ 'ub'(a$!e (7a( a 'a"e o) a *ro*er(yo) (7e e'(a(e :#(7ou( a$ Or+er o) (7e *roba(e !our( #' ;o#+ a$+ *a''e' $o (#("e (o

(7e *ur!7a'er. S#$!e (7e 'a"e' #$ /r?e$( o(#o$ (o De!"are Vo#+

&b I$#(#o eora$+u o) &?reee$(> +a(e+ De!eber 19, 1995. . . #' 7ereby#*"#e+"y *ar(#a""y re'o";e+ #$'o)ar a' (7e (ra$')erX:a#;erXre$u$!#a(#o$ o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A are !o$!er$e+, #$ *ar(#!u"ar, No. 5, 9!H, 10bH a$+11+H##H o) (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(.=EREFORE, (7#' Cour( 7ereby +e!"are' (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(


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+a(e+ ar!7 4, 192 ee!u(e+ by u"#a$a S. Or(aBe, Ra)ae" S. Or(aBe a$+o'e S. Or(aBe a' *ar(#a""y ;o#+ ab #$#(#o #$'o)ar a' (7e(ra$')erX:a#;erXre$u$!#a(#o$ o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A' are !o$!er$e+. J

&??r#e;e+ by (7e abo;e'(a(e+ or+er' o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(, o'e Or(aBe )#"e+,o$ De!eber 22, 199J, a *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# #$ (7e Cour( o) &**ea"'. 7e

a**e""a(e !our( +e$#e+ 7#' *e(#(#o$, 7o:e;er, ru"#$? (7a( (7ere :a' $o "e?a"8u'(#)#!a(#o$ :7a('oe;er )or (7e e(ra8u+#!#a" *ar(#(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e by o'eOr(aBe, 7#' bro(7er Ra)ae" Or(aBe a$+ o(7er u"#a$a Or(aBe +ur#$? (7e*e$+e$!y o) (7e 'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe, :#(7ou( (7e re


41/103

'e!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#$(er"#)e, 11 bu( *e(#(#o$er' #?$ore+ (7e 'ae.O$ u"y 6, 2000, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$ )or ee!u(#o$, (7e+#'*o'#(#;e *or(#o$ o) :7#!7 rea+=EREFORE, *re#'e' !o$'#+ere+, "e( a :r#( o) ee!u(#o$ #''ue a' )o""o:'1. Co$)#r#$? (7e $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' #$ (7e

$ae o) (7e E'(a(e o) Dr. u;e$!#o Or(aBe (o F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou*F-&GH2. Coa$+#$? (7e re'#+e$( a$+ (7e Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary o) 7#"#$(er"#)e (ore#$'(a(e #$ (7e '(o!A a$+ (ra$')er booA o) 7#"#$(er"#)e (7e 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e'7are' o) '(o!A #$ (7e $ae o) (7e E'(a(e o) Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe a' (7eo:$er (7ereo) :#(7ou( *re8u+#!e (o o(7er !"a#' )or ;#o"a(#o$ o) *ree*(#;e r#?7('*er(a#$#$? (o (7e 'a#+ 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are'3. D#re!(#$? (7e re'#+e$( a$+ (7e Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary o) 7#"#$(er"#)e (o #''ue'(o!A !er(#)#!a(e' o) 7#"#$(er"#)e )or 2,029 '7are' #$ (7e $ae o) (7e E'(a(e o) Dr.u;e$!#o . Or(aBe a' (7e o:$er (7ereo) :#(7ou( *re8u+#!e (o o(7er !"a#' )or

;#o"a(#o$' o) *ree*(#;e r#?7(' *er(a#$#$? (o (7e 'a#+ 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are'a$+,4. Co$)#r#$? (7a( o$"y (7e S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#, a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere', 7a' (7e *o:er (o eer!#'e a"" (7e r#?7(' a**ur(e$a$( (o (7e 'a#+ '7are',#$!"u+#$? (7e r#?7( (o ;o(e a$+ (o re!e#;e +#;#+e$+'.5. D#re!(#$? 7#"#$(er"#)e a$+Xor a$y o(7er *er'o$ or *er'o$' !"a##$? (ore*re'e$( #( or o(7er:#'e, (o a!A$o:"e+?e a$+ a""o: (7e 'a#+ S*e!#a"

&+#$#'(ra(r# (o eer!#'e a"" (7e a)ore'a#+ r#?7(' o$ (7e 'a#+ '7are' a$+ (ore)ra#$ )ro re'or(#$? (o a$y a!(#o$ :7#!7 ay (e$+ +#re!("y or #$+#re!("y (o

#*e+e, ob'(ru!( or bar (7e )ree eer!#'e (7ereo) u$+er *a#$ o) !o$(e*(.6. 7e re'#+e$(, Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary, a$y re'*o$'#b"e o))#!erX' o)7#"#$(er"#)e, or a$y o(7er *er'o$ or *er'o$' !"a##$? (o re*re'e$( #( or o(7er:#'e,are 7ereby +#re!(e+ (o !o*"y :#(7 (7#' or+er :#(7#$ (7ree 3H +ay' )ro re!e#*(7ereo) u$+er *a#$ o) !o$(e*(.J. 7e De*u(y S7er#))' &+e$auer R#;era a$+ e+ro or8a are 7ereby +#re!(e+(o #*"ee$( (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$ :#(7 +#'*a(!7 (o )ore'(a"" a$y a$+Xor )ur(7er+aa?e (o (7e E'(a(e.SO ORDERED. 12I$ (7e 'e;era" o!!a'#o$' (7a( (7e '7er#)) :e$( (o (7e o))#!e o) *e(#(#o$er' (o

ee!u(e (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$, 7e :a' barre+ by (7e 'e!ur#(y ?uar+ u*o$*e(#(#o$er'@ #$'(ru!(#o$'. 7u', *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#E$+ere' )#"e+ a o(#o$ (o !#(e 7ere#$ *e(#(#o$er' o'e -ee a$+ &"a &??abao*re'#+e$( a$+ 'e!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#$(er"#)eH #$ !o$(e*(. 13e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao 'ub'e


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or+er#$? (7e ee!u(#o$ o) #(' or+er +e!"ar#$? 'u!7 $u""#(y a$+ 3H +e*r#;#$? (7e*e(#(#o$er' o) (7e#r r#?7( (o +ue *ro!e''.O$ u"y 26, 2000, (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' +#'#''e+ (7e *e(#(#o$ ou(r#?7(e are !o$'(ra#$e+ (o DISISS O/RIG= (7e *re'e$( *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar#a$+ *ro7#b#(#o$ :#(7 *rayer )or a (e*orary re'(ra#$#$? or+er a$+Xor :r#( o)

*re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$ #$ (7e "#?7( o) (7e )o""o:#$? !o$'#+era(#o$'1. 7e a''a#"e+ Or+er +a(e+ &u?u'( 11, 199J o) (7e re'*o$+e$( 8u+?e 7a+"o$? be!oe )#$a" a$+ ee!u(ory2. 7e !er(#)#!a(#o$ o$ $o$)oru '7o**#$? #' '#?$e+ by o$"y o$e 1H o) (7e(7ree 3H *e(#(#o$er' #$ ;#o"a(#o$ o) (7e Ru"e' a$+3. E!e*( )or (7e a''a#"e+ or+er' a$+ :r#( o) ee!u(#o$, +ee+ o) 'a"e :#(7 r#?7((o re*ur!7a'e, +ee+ o) 'a"e o) '7are' o) '(o!A' a$+ o$#bu' o(#o$, (7e *e(#(#o$#' $o( a!!o*a$#e+ by 'u!7 *"ea+#$?', +o!ue$(' a$+ o(7er a(er#a" *or(#o$'o) (7e re!or+ a' :ou"+ 'u**or( (7e a""e?a(#o$' (7ere#$ #$ ;#o"a(#o$ o) (7e 'e!o$+*ara?ra*7, Ru"e 65 o) (7e 199J Ru"e' o) C#;#" ro!e+ure, a' ae$+e+. aDSIC

e(#(#o$ #' DISISSED.SO ORDERED. 147e o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ )#"e+ by *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao o) (7eabo;e +e!#'#o$ :a' +e$#e+ by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' o$ O!(ober 30, 20007#' re'o";e' (7e >ur?e$( o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$> )#"e+ by (7e *e(#(#o$er' o)our re'o"u(#o$ o) u"y 26, 2000 +#'#''#$? ou(r#?7("y (7e abo;ee$(#("e+ *e(#(#o$)or (7e rea'o$, ao$? o(7er', (7a( (7e a''a#"e+ Or+er +a(e+ &u?u'( 11, 199J o)(7e re'*o$+e$( u+?e 7a+ "o$? be!oe )#$a" a$+ ee!u(ory.Dura "e, 'e+ "e.

=EREFORE, (7e ur?e$( o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ #' 7ereby DENIED, )or "a!Ao) er#(.SO ORDERED. 15O$ De!eber 4, 2000, *e(#(#o$er' e"e;a(e+ (7e !a'e (o (7e Su*ree Cour((7rou?7 a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: u$+er Ru"e 45 bu( o$ De!eber 13, 2000, :e+e$#e+ (7e *e(#(#o$ be!au'e (7ere :a' $o '7o:#$? (7a( (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$C& G.R. S No. 59J36 !o#((e+ a$y re;er'#b"e error (o :arra$( (7e eer!#'eby (7e Su*ree Cour( o) #(' +#'!re(#o$ary a**e""a(e 8ur#'+#!(#o$. 16=o:e;er, u*o$ o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ )#"e+ by *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao,(7e Su*ree Cour( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$ a$+ re#$'(a(e+ (7e#r *e(#(#o$ o$

Se*(eber 5, 2001. 7e *ar(#e' :ere (7e$ re


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*er'o$ a**o#$(e+ by (7e !our( a$+ (7e a!( :7e$ 'o +o$e '7a"" 7a;e (7e e))e!( a'#) +o$e by (7e *ar(y.> e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao o**o'e+ (7e o(#o$ o$ (7e?rou$+ (7a( (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( '7ou"+ re)ra#$ )ro a!(#$? o$ (7e o(#o$ be!au'e(7e #''ue' ra#'e+ (7ere#$ :ere +#re!("y re"a(e+ (o (7e #''ue' ra#'e+ by (7e #$(7e#r *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# a( (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' +o!Ae(e+ a' C&G.R. S No.

59J36. O$ O!(ober 30, 2000, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$, ru"#$? (7a((7ere :a' $o *ro7#b#(#o$ )or (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( (o ee!u(e #(' or+er' #$a'u!7 a'(7e a**e""a(e !our( +#+ $o( #''ue a$y RO or :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$.O$ De!eber 3, 2000, *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao )#"e+ a *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar##$ (7e Cour( o) &**ea"', +o!Ae(e+ a' C&G.R. S No. 62461,


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OF EIIONER F-&G OVER S=&RES OF SOCK =IC= ERE &--EGEDO E &R OF =E ES&E &ND 2H =EN I ISS/ED & VOID RI OFEEC/ION &G&INS EIIONER F-&G &S RESEN ONER OI-EEN ERE- ROVISION&- ORDERS, =ERE VIO-&INGF-&G@S CONSI/ION&- RIG= &G&INS DERIV&ION OF ROER

I=O/ D/E ROCESSD. IN F&I-ING O DEC-&RE N/-- &ND VOID =E ORDERS OF =EINES&E CO/R =IC= N/--IFIED =E S&-E OF S=&RES OF SOCKEEEN =E -EGII&E =EIR OSE S. OR&PEQ &ND EIIONERF-&G EC&/SE OF SE-ED -& &ND /RISR/DENCE, I.E., =& &N=EIR =&S =E RIG= O DISOSE OF =E DECEDEN@S ROEREVEN IF =E S&E IS /NDER &DINISR&ION /RS/&N O CIVI-CODE ROVISION =& OSSESSION OF =EREDI&R ROER ISR&NSIED O =E =EIR =E OEN OF DE&= OF =E DECEDEN&CEDEO VS. &ES&IS, 21J SCR& 194H

E. IN DISREG&RDING =E FIN&- DECISION OF =E S/REE CO/RIN G.R. NO. 12525 D&ED DECEER 1J, 1999 INVO-VINGS/S&NI&-- =E S&E &RIES, O I, EIIONERS OSE C. -EE

&ND &-& &GG&&O ERE RESONDENS IN =& C&SE =I-ERESONDEN &. DIVIN& ENDERES &S =E EIIONER =EREIN.=& DECISION, =IC= C&N E CONSIDERED -& OF =E C&SE,R/-ED =& EIIONERS C&NNO E ENOINED RESONDENENDERES FRO EERCISING =EIR OER &S DIRECORS &NDOFFICERS OF =I-INER-IFE &ND =& =E INES&E CO/R IN

C=&RGE OF =E INES&E ROCEEDINGS C&NNO &D/DIC&E I-EO ROERIES C-&IED O E &R OF =E ES&E &ND =IC= &REE/&-- C-&IED EIIONER F-&G. 1J7e *e(#(#o$ 7a' $o er#(.e(#(#o$er' o'e -ee a$+ &"a &??abao, re*re'e$(#$? 7#"#$(er"#)e a$+ F-&G,a''a#" be)ore u' $o( o$"y (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$ #''ue+ by (7e#$(e'(a(e !our( +a(e+ u"y J, 2000 bu( a"'o (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e &u?u'( 11, 199Jor+er o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( $u""#)y#$? (7e 'a"e o) (7e 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o)'(o!A a+e by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe, #$ (7e#r *er'o$a" !a*a!#(#e'a$+ :#(7ou( !our( a**ro;a", #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G.

e !a$$o( a""o: *e(#(#o$er' (o reo*e$ (7e #''ue o) $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A #$ (7e#r )a;or be!au'e (7#' :a' a"rea+y 'e(("e+ a "o$?(#e a?o by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ #(' +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R.S No. 46342. 7#' +e!#'#o$ :a' e))e!(#;e"y u*7e"+ by u' #$ our re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+O!(ober 9, 199 #$ G.R. No. 1351JJ +#'#''#$? (7e *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ a(e!7$#!a"#(y a$+ (7erea)(er +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ o$ a$uary13, 1999 o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :a' $o !o*e""#$? rea'o$ (o re!o$'#+er 'a#++e$#a". 1 Our +e!#'#o$ be!ae )#$a" o$ February 23, 1999 a$+ :a' a!!or+#$?"y


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e$(ere+ #$ (7e booA o) e$(ry o) 8u+?e$('. For a"" #$(e$(' a$+ *ur*o'e'(7ere)ore, (7e $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a+e byu"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G #' a"rea+y a!"o'e+ !a'e. o reo*e$ 'a#+ #''ue :ou"+ 'e( a ba+ *re!e+e$(, o*e$#$? (7e +oor:#+e o*e$ )or +#''a(#')#e+ *ar(#e' (o re"#(#?a(e u$)a;orab"e +e!#'#o$' $o e$+. 7#'

#' !o*"e(e"y #$##!a" (o (7e or+er"y a$+ e))#!#e$( a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) 8u'(#!e.7e 'a#+ +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ C&G.R. S No. 46342 a))#r#$? (7e$u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e a+e by o'e Or(aBe a$+ 7#' o(7er u"#a$a Or(aBe o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A rea+e(#(#o$er@' a''e;era(#o$' re"a(#;e (o 'a#+ [eora$+u] a?reee$( :ere'!u(("e+ +ur#$? (7e 7ear#$? be)ore (7#' Cour( (7u'/SICE &/INO

Cou$'e" )or *e(#(#o$er, :7e$ (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$( :a'ee!u(e+, +#+ (7e !7#"+re$ o) u"#a$a Sa"?a+o A$o: a"rea+y (7a( (7ere :a' a!"a# )or '7are #$ (7e #$7er#(a$!e o) (7e !7#"+re$ o) No;#!#o

&. C&-I&Gour =o$or *"ea'e, a( (7a( (#e, our =o$or, #( #' a"rea+y A$o:$ (o (7e.

a!DCI/SICE &/INO

7a( !a$ be your "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or e(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( o) a*ro*er(y 'ub8e!( o) #$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?' :7e$ (7ere #' a$ a+;er'e !"a# o)a$o(7er 'e( o) 7e#r', a""e?e+ 7e#r' 7a( :ou"+ be (7e "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or e(ra

8u+#!#a""y 'e(("#$? a *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ :#(7ou( (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e#$(e'(a(e !our(

&. C&-I&Ge"", our =o$or *"ea'e, #$ (7a( e(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( (7ere #' a$a**ro;a" o) (7e 7o$orab"e !our( a' (o (7e *ro*er(y@' *ar(#(#o$ . . .. 7ere :ere a'e$(#o$e+ by (7e re'*o$+e$('@ !ou$'e", our =o$or.

&. /CONo . . .

/SICE &/INO7e *o#$( #', (7ere !a$ be $o a+8u+#!a(#o$ o) a *ro*er(y u$+er #$(e'(a(e

*ro!ee+#$?' :#(7ou( (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e !our(. 7a( #' ba'#! u$"e'' you !a$*re'e$( 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ o$ (7a(. I$ )a!(, (7ere are (:o '(e*' )#r'(, you a'A "ea;e a$+

(7e$ ee!u(e (7e +o!ue$( a$+ (7e$ a'A )or a**ro;a" o) (7e +o!ue$(ee!u(e+. No:, #' (7ere a$y "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ (o e!"u+e (7#' *ar(#!u"ar(ra$'a!(#o$ )ro (7o'e '(e*'

&. C&-I&GNo$e, our =o$or.

&. /CO#(7 (7a( a+#''#o$ (7a( (7ere #' $o "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$, our =o$or, :e re'(

(7e !a'e )or (7e *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(. =o: !a$ (7e "o:er !our( be a!!u'e+ o)


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abu'#$? #(' +#'!re(#o$ *a?e' 3335, SN o) a$uary 29, 199H.7u', e )#$+ er#( #$ (7e )o""o:#$? *o'(u"a(#o$ by *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(7a( :e 7a;e 7ere #' a '#(ua(#o$ :7ere 'oe o) (7e 7e#r' o) (7e +e!e+e$(:#(7ou( 'e!ur#$? !our( a**ro;a" 7a;e a**ro*r#a(e+ a' (7e#r o:$ *er'o$a"*ro*er(y (7e *ro*er(#e' o) [(7e] E'(a(e, (o (7e e!"u'#o$ a$+ (7e e(ree

*re8u+#!e o) (7e o(7er !"a#a$(X7e#r'. I$ o(7er :or+', (7e'e 7e#r', :#(7ou( !our(a**ro;a", 7a;e +#'(r#bu(e+ (7e a''e( o) (7e e'(a(e ao$? (7e'e";e' a$+*ro!ee+e+ (o +#'*o'e (7e 'ae (o (7#r+ *ar(#e' e;e$ #$ (7e ab'e$!e o) a$ or+ero) +#'(r#bu(#o$ by (7e E'(a(e Cour(. &' a+#((e+ by *e(#(#o$er@' !ou$'e", (7ere :a'ab'o"u(e"y $o "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or (7#' a!(#o$ by (7e 7e#r'. 7ere be#$? $o "e?a"

8u'(#)#!a(#o$, *e(#(#o$er 7a' $o ba'#' )or +ea$+#$? (7a( *ub"#! re'*o$+e$( [(7e#$(e'(a(e !our(] a**ro;e (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) (7e E'(a(e byu"#a$a a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) (7e F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou*.I( #' a$ u$+#'*u(e+ )a!( (7a( (7e *ar(#e' (o (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$( +a(e+ar!7 4, 192 'ee &$$e J o) (7e Coe$(H . . . are $o( (7e o$"y 7e#r' !"a##$?

a$ #$(ere'( #$ (7e e'(a(e "e)( by Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe. 7e re!or+' o) (7#'!a'e . . . !"ear"y '7o: (7a( a' ear"y a' ar!7 3, 191 a$ O**o'#(#o$ (o (7e

&**"#!a(#o$ )or I''ua$!e o) -e((er' o) &+#$#'(ra(#o$ :a' )#"e+ by (7ea!A$o:"e+?e+ $a(ura" !7#"+re$ o) Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe :#(7 -#?ayaNo;#!#o . . . 7#' !"a# by (7e a!A$o:"e+?e+ $a(ura" !7#"+re$ o) Dr. u;e$!#o .Or(aBe #' a+#((e+"y A$o:$ (o (7e *ar(#e' (o (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(be)ore (7ey ee!u(e+ (7e 'ae. 7#' u!7 :a' a+#((e+ by *e(#(#o$er@' !ou$'e"+ur#$? (7e ora" ar?ue$(. . . .G#;e$ (7e )ore?o#$? )a!(', a$+ (7e a**"#!ab"e 8ur#'*ru+e$!e, *ub"#! re'*o$+e$(

!a$ $e;er be )au"(e+ )or $o( a**ro;#$? . . . (7e 'ub'e *a?e' 34 o) r#;a(eRe'*o$+e$(@' eora$+u *a?e' 243244 o) (7e Ro""oH

+'( (7e )ore?o#$?, e )ou$+ $o ?ra;e abu'e o) +#'!re(#o$ aou$(#$? (oe!e'' or :a$( o) 8ur#'+#!(#o$ !o#((e+ by re'*o$+e$( 8u+?e. 19Fro (7e abo;e +e!#'#o$, #( #' !"ear (7a( u"#a$a Or(aBe, a$+ 7er (7ree 'o$',o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o, a"" 'ur$ae+ Or(aBe, #$;a"#+"y e$(ere+ #$(o aeora$+u o) a?reee$( e(ra8u+#!#a""y *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(eao$? (7e'e";e', +e'*#(e (7e#r, A$o:"e+?e (7a( (7ere :ere o(7er 7e#r' or

!"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e a$+ be)ore )#$a" 'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e!our(. S#$!e (7e a**ro*r#a(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e *ro*er(#e' by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+7er !7#"+re$ o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o Or(aBeH :a' #$;a"#+, (7e 'ub'e


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(7e oe$( o) +ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(. 20 =o:e;er, a$ 7e#r !a$ o$"y a"#e$a(e'u!7 *or(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e (7a( ay be a""o((e+ (o 7# #$ (7e +#;#'#o$ o) (7e e'(a(eby (7e *roba(e or #$(e'(a(e !our( a)(er )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$, (7a( #', a)(er a"" +eb(or''7a"" 7a;e bee$ *a#+ or (7e +e;#'ee' or "e?a(ee' '7a"" 7a;e bee$ ?#;e$ (7e#r'7are'. 21 7#' ea$' (7a( a$ 7e#r ay o$"y 'e"" 7#' #+ea" or u$+#;#+e+ '7are #$

(7e e'(a(e, $o( a$y '*e!#)#! *ro*er(y (7ere#$. I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, u"#a$aOr(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe 'o"+ '*e!#)#! *ro*er(#e' o) (7e e'(a(e 1,014 a$+1,011 '7are' o) '(o!A #$ 7#"#$(er"#)eH #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G. 7#' (7ey !ou"+$o( "a:)u""y +o *e$+#$? (7e )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(be!au'e o) (7e u$+ue *re8u+#!e #( :ou"+ !au'e (7e o(7er !"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e,a' :7a( 7a**e$e+ #$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e.u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe 'o"+ '*e!#)#! *ro*er(#e' o) (7e e'(a(e, :#(7ou(!our( a**ro;a". I( #' :e""'e(("e+ (7a( !our( a**ro;a" #' $e!e''ary )or (7e ;a"#+#(yo) a$y +#'*o'#(#o$ o) (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e. I$ (7e ear"y !a'e o) Go+oy ;'.Ore""a$o, 22 :e "a#+ +o:$ (7e ru"e (7a( (7e 'a"e o) (7e *ro*er(y o) (7e e'(a(e by

a$ a+#$#'(ra(or :#(7ou( (7e or+er o) (7e *roba(e !our( #' ;o#+ a$+ *a''e' $o (#("e(o (7e *ur!7a'er. &$+ #$ (7e !a'e o) D#""e$a ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 23 :e ru"e+(7a([I]( u'( be e*7a'#e+ (7a( (7e


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8ur#'+#!(#o$ o) a *roba(e !our( (o a**ro;e (7e 'a"e o) *ro*er(#e' o) a +e!ea'e+*er'o$ by 7#' *ro'*e!(#;e 7e#r' be)ore )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$. . . .I( be#$? 'e(("e+ (7a( *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ $ee+' (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e*roba(e !our( be)ore #( !a$ be +#'*o'e+ o), a$y u$au(7or#e+ +#'*o'#(#o$ +oe'$o( b#$+ (7e e'(a(e a$+ #' $u"" a$+ ;o#+. &' ear"y a' 1921 #$ (7e !a'e o) Go+oy

;'. Ore""a$o 42 7#" 34JH, e "a#+ +o:$ (7e ru"e (7a( a 'a"e by a$ a+#$#'(ra(oro) *ro*er(y o) (7e +e!ea'e+, :7#!7 #' $o( au(7or#e+ by (7e *roba(e !our( #' $u""a$+ ;o#+ a$+ (#("e +oe' $o( *a'' (o (7e *ur!7a'er. &ID=a7ere #' 7ar+"y a$y +oub( (7a( (7e *roba(e !our( !a$ +e!"are $u"" a$+ ;o#+ (7e+#'*o'#(#o$ o) (7e *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$, a+e by *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(,(7e 'ae 7a;#$? bee$ a))e!(e+ :#(7ou( au(7or#(y )ro 'a#+ !our(. I( #' (7e *roba(e!our( (7a( 7a' (7e *o:er (o au(7or#e a$+Xor a**ro;e (7e 'a"e Se!(#o$ 4 a$+ J,Ru"e 9H, 7e$!e, a )or(#or#, #( #' 'a#+ !our( (7a( !a$ +e!"are #( $u"" a$+ ;o#+ )or a'"o$? a' (7e *ro!ee+#$?' 7a+ $o( bee$ !"o'e+ or (er#$a(e+. o u*7o"+*e(#(#o$er@' !o$(e$(#o$ (7a( (7e *roba(e !our( !a$$o( a$$u" (7e u$au(7or#e+ 'a"e,

:ou"+ re$+er ea$#$?"e'' (7e *o:er *er(a#$#$? (o (7e 'a#+ !our(. o$?a ;'.So"er, 2 SCR& J55H. e*7a'#' our'HOur 8ur#'*ru+e$!e #' (7ere)ore !"ear (7a( 1H a$y +#'*o'#(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y bya$ a+#$#'(ra(or or *ro'*e!(#;e 7e#r *e$+#$? )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$ re


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(7e 'a"e be!au'e 'a#+ or+er :a' ere"y *ro;#'#o$a"7e o$"y au(7or#(y ?#;e$ by "a: #' )or re'*o$+e$( 8u+?e (o +e(er#$e*ro;#'#o$a""y :7e(7er 'a#+ '7are' are #$!"u+e+ or e!"u+e+ #$ (7e #$;e$(ory . . .I$ or+er#$? (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e or+er', re'*o$+e$( 8u+?e a!(e+ #$ e!e'' o) 7#'

8ur#'+#!(#o$ a$+ ?ro''"y ;#o"a(e+ 'e(("e+ "a: a$+ 8ur#'*ru+e$!e, #.e., (7a( (7e

+e(er#$a(#o$ by a *roba(e or #$(e'(a(e !our( o) :7e(7er a *ro*er(y #' #$!"u+e+ ore!"u+e+ #$ (7e #$;e$(ory o) (7e e'(a(e be#$? *ro;#'#o$a" #$ $a(ure, !a$$o( be (7e'ub8e!( o) ee!u(#o$. 24 e*7a'#' our'He(#(#o$er'@ ar?ue$( #' #'*"a!e+. 7ere #' $o


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IN VIE OF =E FOREGOING CONSIDER&IONS, (7e a''a#"e+ Or+er +a(e+February 1, 191 o) (7e re'*o$+e$( u+?e a**ro;#$? (7e o(#o$ (o De!"areVo#+ &b I$#(#o Dee+' o) Sa"e o) 7#"#$(er"#)e S7are' o) S(o!A> o$ ar!7 22, 1996.u( a' ear"y a' 1994, *e(#(#o$er' a"rea+y A$e: o) (7e *e$+#$? 'e(("ee$(*ro!ee+#$?' a$+ (7a( (7e '7are' (7ey bou?7( :ere u$+er (7e a+#$#'(ra(#o$ by(7e #$(e'(a(e !our( be!au'e *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a$+

7er o(7er -#?aya No;#!#o 7a+ )#"e+ a !a'e a?a#$'( (7e a( (7e Se!ur#(#e' a$+E!7a$?e Co#''#o$ o$ No;eber J, 1994, +o!Ae(e+ a' SEC No. 11944909, )or a$$u"e$( o) (ra$')er o) '7are' o) '(o!A, a$$u"e$( o) 'a"e o)!or*ora(e *ro*er(#e', a$$u"e$( o) 'ub'!r#*(#o$' o$ #$!rea'e+ !a*#(a" '(o!A',a!!ou$(#$?, #$'*e!(#o$ o) !or*ora(e booA' a$+ re!or+' a$+ +aa?e' :#(7 *rayer)or a :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$ a$+Xor (e*orary re'(ra#$#$? or+er. 2J I$ 'a#+!a'e, E$+ere' a$+ 7er o(7er


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re'*o$+e$(' [o'e -ee, e( a".] o) (7e 'ub8e!( '7are' o) '(o!A' are ;o#+. #(7 re'*e!( (o (7e a""e?e+ e(ra8u+#!#a" *ar(#(#o$ o) (7e '7are' o) '(o!A o:$e+ by(7e "a(e Dr. u;e$!#o Or(aBe, :e ru"e (7a( (7e a((er *ro*er"y be"o$?' (o (7e

8ur#'+#!(#o$ o) (7e re?u"ar !our( :7ere (7e #$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?' are !urre$("y

*e$+#$?. 2#(7 (7#' re'o"u(#o$ o) (7e SEC 7ear#$? o))#!er +a(e+ a' ear"y a' ar!7 24, 1995re!o?$##$? (7e 8ur#'+#!(#o$ o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( (o +e(er#$e (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7ee(ra8u+#!#a" *ar(#(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe a$+ (7e 'ub'e


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a**ro;a" o) (7e 'a"e o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A (o (7e K$#?7(' o) Co"ubu'Fra(er$a" &''o!#a(#o$, I$!. :7#!7 o(#o$ :a', 7o:e;er, "a(er aba$+o$e+H. 30 &""(7#' 'u))#!#e$("y *ro;e' (7a( *e(#(#o$er', (7rou?7 (7e#r !ou$'e"', A$e: o) (7e*e$+#$? 'e(("ee$( *ro!ee+#$?'.F#$a""y, *e(#(#o$er' )#"e+ 'e;era" !r##$a" !a'e' 'u!7 a' "#be" Cr##$a" Ca'e No.

9JJ1J91H, ?ra;e !oer!#o$ Cr##$a" Ca'e No. 4624H a$+ robbery Cr##$a"Ca'e No. 966J919H a?a#$'( *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(@' o(7er -#?aya No;#!#o :7o:a' a +#re!(or o) 7#"#$(er"#)e, 31 a"" o) :7#!7 !r##$a" !a'e' :ere re"a(e+ (o (7ee are $o( u$a:are o) our +e!#'#o$ #$ G.R. No. 12525. 7e #''ue (7ere#$ :a':7e(7er (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' erre+ #$ a))#r#$? (7e re'o"u(#o$ o) (7e SEC (7a(E$+ere' e( a". :ere $o, e$(#("e+ (o (7e #''ua$!e, o) (7e :r#( o) *re"##$ary#$8u$!(#o$. e ru"e+ (7a( (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' :a' !orre!( #$ a))#r#$? (7ere'o"u(#o$ o) (7e SEC +e$y#$? (7e #''ua$!e o) (7e :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$be!au'e #$8u$!(#o$ #' $o( +e'#?$e+ (o *ro(e!( !o$(#$?e$( r#?7('. Sa#+ !a'e +#+ $o(ru"e o$ (7e #''ue o) (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) '7are' o) '(o!A be"o$?#$? (o (7e+e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e :#(7ou( !our( a**ro;a" $or o) (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e :r#( o)ee!u(#o$ #''ue+ by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(. G.R. No. 12525 !"ear"y #$;o";e+ a

+#))ere$( #''ue a$+ #( +oe' $o( (7ere)ore a**"y (o (7e *re'e$( !a'e.e(#(#o$er' a$+ a"" *ar(#e' !"a##$? r#?7(' u$+er (7e are 7ereby :ar$e+ $o( (o)ur(7er +e"ay (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e Or+er' o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( +a(e+ &u?u'( 11a$+ &u?u'( 29, 199J.=EREFORE, (7e *e(#(#o$ #' 7ereby DENIED. 7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o)

&**ea"' #$ C&G.R. S.. No. 59J36 +a(e+ u"y 26, 2000, +#'#''#$? *e(#(#o$er'@*e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# a$+ a))#r#$? (7e u"y 6, 2000 or+er o) (7e (r#a" !our( :7#!7or+ere+ (7e ee!u(#o$ o) #(' (r#a" !our(@'H &u?u'( 11 a$+ 29, 199J or+er', #'


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7ereby &FFIRED. =&EDCSO ORDERED.V#(u? a$+ Car*#oora"e', ., !o$!ur.Sa$+o;a"Gu(#erre, ., (ooA $o *ar(.Foo($o(e'

1. e$$e+ by &''o!#a(e u'(#!e ar(#$ S. V#""araa, !o$!urre+ #$ by&''o!#a(e u'(#!e' Sa"oe &. o$(oya C7a#ra$ o) (7e F#r'( D#;#'#o$H a$+Roeo Ca""e8o, Sr. $o: &''o!#a(e u'(#!e o) (7e Su*ree Cour(H. 2. Re!o?$#e+ by (7e +e!e+e$(, Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe a$+ +e!"are+ by (7e#$(e'(a(e !our( a' "a:)u" 7e#r' o) Dr. Or(aBe #$ #(' re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+ Se*(eber22, 2000 Ro""o, **. 203214. 3. I$;e$(ory a$+ &!!ou$(#$? o) ro*er(#e' o) (7e E'(a(e Ro""o, *. 5J2. 4. Dee+ o) Sa"e :#(7 R#?7( (o Re*ur!7a'e Ro""o, **. 5556. 5. Dee+ o) Sa"e o) S7are' o) S(o!A Ro""o, **. 5J5. 6. Ro""o, **. 3941.

J. C#(e+ #$ (7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R. S No. 4642, *. 3 Ro""o, *. 240. . Ro""o, **. 2325. 9. Ro""o, *. J09.10. Ro""o, **. 524526.11. Ro""o, *. J0.12. Ro""o, *. 4J4.13. Ro""o, **. 26626.14. Ro""o, **. 3435.

15. Ro""o, *. 3.16. Ro""o, *. 115.1J. Ro""o, **. 151J.1. Ro""o, **. 260262.19. Ro""o, **. 254256.20. &!ebe+o ;'. &be'a#', 21J SCR& 16 [1993], !#(#$? V+a. De G#" ;'.Ca$!#o, 14 SCR& J96 [1965].21. a'e+ o$ (7e C#;#" Co+e *ro;#'#o$' o$ !oo:$er'7#* &r(#!"e 493H.

&!ebe+o ;'. &be'a#', 21J SCR& 16 [1993], !#(#$? Reye' ;'. Co$!e*!#o$,190 SCR& 1J1 [1990], N ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 9 SCR& 20J [190],

er!a+o ;'. -#:a$a?, 5 SCR& 4J2 [1962].22. 42 7#" 34J 1921].23. 163 SCR& 631 19].24. Ro""o, **. 603604.25. I$;e$(ory a$+ &!!ou$(#$? o) ro*er(#e' o) (7e E'(a(e +a(e+ ar!7 13,194, Ro""o, **. 5J1J54.26. D#""e$a ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 163 SCR& 630 [19] a$o(oA Rea"(y ;'.Cour( o) &**ea"', 149 SCR& 1J4 [19J] -eabre' ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 146


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SCR& 15 [196] E'(a(e o) O"a;e ;'. Reye', 123 SCR& J6J [193] a$+ V+a.De G#" ;'. Ca$!#o, 14 SCR& J9J [1965].2J. C#(e+ #$ a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' e( a". ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"' e( a"., 321SCR& 1J 1999].2. Ro""o, **. 14J149.

29. Ro""o, *. 136.30. Ro""o, **. J2J29.31. Ro""o, **. 524526.32. Sa"o$?a ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 269 SCR& 534 [199J].

=IRD DIVISION[G.R. No. 6053. ay J, 1990.]-&/R& &-V&REQ, F-OR& &-V&REQ a$+ R&/NDO &-V&REQ, *e(#(#o$er',;'. =E =ONOR&-E INEREDI&E &E--&E CO/R a$+ ES/S&NES, ESE-I& &NES, &NONIO &NES, ROS&RIO &NES, a$+

I-/IN&DO &NES, re'*o$+e$('.Fra$!#'!o G. a$o$ )or *e(#(#o$er'.Re$e!#o R. E'*#r#(u )or *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$('.D E C I S I O NFERN&N, C. *7#' #' a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ !er(#orar# 'eeA#$? (7e re;er'a" o) aH (7e +e!#'#o$o) (7e Four(7 C#;#" Ca'e' D#;#'#o$ o) (7e I$(ere+#a(e &**e""a(e Cour( +a(e+

&u?u'( 31, 193 #$ &CG.R. CV No. 56626 e$(#("e+ >e'u' a$e' e( a". ;. Dr.Ro+o")o S#a'o$ e( a".> a))#r#$? (7e +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u"y , 19J4 o) (7e Cour( o)

F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" #$'o)ar a' #( or+ere+ (7e *e(#(#o$er' (o *ay8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y (7e *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' (7e 'u o) 20,000.00re*re'e$(#$? (7e a!(ua" ;a"ue o) -o(' No'. JJ3& a$+ JJ3 o) (7e !a+a'(ra"'ur;ey o) ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" a$+ re;er'#$? (7e 'ub8e!( +e!#'#o$ #$'o)ara' #( a:ar+e+ (7e 'u' o) 2,000.00, 5,000.00 a$+ 2,000.00 a' a!(ua"+aa?e', ora" +aa?e' a$+ a((or$ey@' )ee', re'*e!(#;e"y a$+ bH (7ere'o"u(#o$ o) 'a#+ a**e""a(e !our( +a(e+ ay 30, 194, +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )orre!o$'#+era(#o$ o) #(' +e!#'#o$. ""!+7e rea" *ro*er(#e' #$;o";e+ are (:o *ar!e"' o) "a$+ #+e$(#)#e+ a' -o( JJ3& a$+-o( JJ3 :7#!7 :ere or#?#$a""y A$o:$ a' -o( JJ3 o) (7e !a+a'(ra" 'ur;ey o)

ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a". -o( JJ3, :#(7 a$ area o) 156,549 '


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&"#b. 1 I( #' $o( !"ear :7y (7e "a((er #' $o( #$!"u+e+ a' a *ar(y #$ (7#' !a'e.&$#!e(o "e)( 7#' !7#"+re$ -o(' JJ3 a$+ 23. eo+ora !u"(#;a(e+ o$"y (7ree7e!(are' o) -o( 23 a' '7e !ou"+ $o( a((e$+ (o (7e o(7er *or(#o$' o) (7e (:o "o(':7#!7 7a+ a (o(a" area o) arou$+ (:e$(y)our 7e!(are'. 7e re!or+ +oe' $o('7o: :7e(7er (7e !7#"+re$ o) Fe"#*e a"'o !u"(#;a(e+ 'oe *or(#o$' o) (7e "o(' bu(

#( #' e'(ab"#'7e+ (7a( Ru)#$o a$+ 7#' !7#"+re$ "e)( (7e *ro;#$!e (o 'e(("e #$ o(7er*"a!e' a' a re'u"( o) (7e ou(breaA o) or"+ ar II. &!!or+#$? (o E'(e"#(a, )ro (7e>a*a$e'e (#e u* (o *ea!e (#e>, (7ey +#+ $o( ;#'#( (7e *ar!e"' o) "a$+ #$


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(7e )or o) a((or$ey@' )ee'. 11Dur#$? (7e *e$+e$!y #$ !our( o) 'a#+ !a'e or o$ No;eber 13, 1961, &";are'o"+ -o(' JJ3&, JJ3 a$+ a$o(7er "o( )or 25,000.00 (o Dr. Ro+o")o S#a'o$. 12

&!!or+#$?"y, C No'. 30919 a$+ 30920 :ere #''ue+ (o S#a'o$, 13 :7o,(7erea)(er, +e!"are+ (7e (:o "o(' #$ 7#' $ae )or a''e''e$( *ur*o'e'. 14

ea$:7#"e, o$ No;eber 6, 1962, e'u' a$e', #$ 7#' o:$ be7a") a$+ #$ be7e")o) (7e o(7er *"a#$(#))', a$+ a''#'(e+ by (7e#r !ou$'e", )#"e+ a a$#)e'(a(#o$ #$ C#;#"Ca'e No. 5022 '(a(#$? (7a( (7e (7ere#$ *"a#$(#))' >re$ou$!e, )or)e#( a$+ 15O$ O!(ober 11, 1963, a +e!#'#o$ :a' re$+ere+ by (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e o)Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022, (7e +#'*o'#(#;e *or(#o$ o) :7#!7rea+' !+""=EREFORE, 8u+?e$( #' re$+ere+, or+er#$? (7e +e)e$+a$( Ro'e$+o &";are(o re!o$;ey (o (7e *"a#$(#))' "o(' No'. JJ3 a$+ 23 o) (7e Ca+a'(ra" Sur;ey o)

ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a", $o: !o;ere+ by ra$')er Cer(#)#!a(e' o) #("e No'. 23165 a$+ 23166 #$ (7e $ae o) 'a#+ +e)e$+a$(, a$+ (7erea)(er (o +e"#;er (7e*o''e''#o$ o) 'a#+ "o(' (o (7e *"a#$(#))'. No '*e!#a" *ro$ou$!ee$( a' (o !o'('.SO ORDERED.> 16I( :#"" be $o(e+ (7a( (7e abo;ee$(#o$e+ a$#)e'(a(#o$ o) e'u' a$e' :a' $o(e$(#o$e+ #$ (7e a)ore'a#+ +e!#'#o$.=o:e;er, ee!u(#o$ o) 'a#+ +e!#'#o$ *ro;e+ u$'u!!e'')u" :#(7 re'*e!( (o -o(JJ3. I$ 7#' re(ur$ o) 'er;#!e +a(e+ O!(ober 20, 1965, (7e '7er#)) '(a(e+ (7a( 7e+#'!o;ere+ (7a( -o( JJ3 7a+ bee$ 'ub+#;#+e+ #$(o -o(' JJ3& a$+ JJ3 (7a(

(7ey :ere >#$ (7e $ae> o) Ro+o")o S#a'o$ :7o 7a+ *ur!7a'e+ (7e )ro&";are, a$+ (7a( -o( JJ3 !ou"+ $o( be +e"#;ere+ (o (7e *"a#$(#))' a' S#a'o$ :a'>$o( a *ar(y *er :r#( o) ee!u(#o$.> 1J7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e +e!#'#o$ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022 7a;#$? e( a 7#$+ra$!e,7ere#$ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' (7e a$e'e'H )#"e+ o$ u"y 31, 1965, #$ (7e Cour( o)F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" a *e(#(#o$ )or (7e #''ua$!e o) a $e:!er(#)#!a(e o) (#("e a$+ )or a +e!"ara(#o$ o) $u""#(y o) C No'. 23165 a$+ 23166 #''ue+ (o Ro'e$+o &";are. 1 7erea)(er, (7e !our( re


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'urre$+er (7e !er(#)#!a(e' o) (#("e e$(#o$e+ (7ere#$. 21I$ 196, (7e a$e'e' )#"e+ a$ e*ar(e o(#o$ )or (7e #''ua$!e o) a$ a"#a' :r#( o)ee!u(#o$ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022. S#a'o$ o**o'e+ #(. 22 I$ #(' or+er o)Se*(eber 2, 196 #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022, (7e "o:er !our(, $o(#$? (7a( (7ea$e'e' 7a+ #$'(#(u(e+ a$o(7er a!(#o$ )or (7e re!o;ery o) (7e "a$+ #$ S#a'o$@' +e"#;ery o)*o''e''#o$ o) -o( JJ3 (o (7e a$e'e' a$+ #), +e"#;ery (7ereo) !ou"+ $o( be

e))e!(e+, or, #) (7e #''ua$!e o) a $e: (#("e !ou"+ $o( be a+e, (7a( (7e &";aree'a$+ S#a'o$ 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y *ay (7e a$e'e' (7e 'u o) 45,000.00. 7eya"'o *raye+ (7a( S#a'o$ re$+er a$ a!!ou$(#$? o) (7e )ru#(' o) -o( JJ3 )roNo;eber 13, 1961 u$(#" (7e )#"#$? o) (7e !o*"a#$( a$+ (7a( (7e +e)e$+a$('

8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y *ay (7e a$e'e' ora" +aa?e' o) 20,000.00 a$+ee*"ary +aa?e' o) 10,000.00 *"u' a((or$ey@' )ee' o) 4,000.00. 25I$ 7#' a$':er (o (7e !o*"a#$(, S#a'o$ a""e?e+ (7a( (7e ;a"#+#(y o) 7#' (#("e' (o -o('JJ3& a$+ JJ3, 7a;#$? bee$ *a''e+ u*o$ by (7e !our( #$ #(' or+er o)Se*(eber 4, 1965, 7a+ be!oe re' 8u+#!a(a a$+ (7e a$e'e' :ere e'(o**e+

)ro


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*ay 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y (7e *"a#$(#))' (7e 'u o) 20,000.00 re*re'e$(#$? (7ea!(ua" ;a"ue o) -o(' No'. JJ3& a$+ JJ3 o) ur!#a Ca+a'(re, Ne?ro'O!!#+e$(a" (7e 'u o) 2,000.00 a' a!(ua" +aa?e' 'u))ere+ by (7e *"a#$(#))'(7e 'u o) 5,000.00 re*re'e$(#$? ora" +aa?e' a$+ (7e 'u o) 2,000 a'a((or$ey@' )ee', a"" :#(7 "e?a" ra(e o) #$(ere'( )ro +a(e o) (7e )#"#$? o) (7#'

!o*"a#$( u* (o )#$a" *aye$(.C. 7e !ro''!"a# )#"e+ by (7e +e)e$+a$( Dr. Ro+o")o S#a'o$ a?a#$'( (7e+e)e$+a$(', -aura, F"ora a$+ Rayu$+o, a"" 'ur$ae+ &";are #' 7ereby+#'#''e+.D. De)e$+a$(', -aura, F"ora a$+ Rayu$+o, a"" 'ur$ae+ &";are, are7ereby or+ere+ (o *ay (7e !o'(' o) (7#' 'u#(.SO ORDERED.> 297e &";aree' a**ea"e+ (o (7e (7e$ I$(ere+#a(e &**e""a(e Cour( :7#!7, #$ #('+e!#'#o$ o) &u?u'( 31, 193, 30 a))#re+ (7e "o:er !our(@' +e!#'#o$ >#$'o)ar a' #(or+ere+ +e)e$+a$('a**e""a$(' (o *ay 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y (7e *"a#$(#))'

a**e""ee' (7e 'u o) 20,000.00 re*re'e$(#$? (7e a!(ua" ;a"ue o) -o(' No'.JJ3& a$+ JJ3 o) (7e !a+a'(ra" 'ur;ey o) ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a", a$+ #'re;er'e+ #$'o)ar a' #( a:ar+e+ (7e 'u' o) 2,000.00, 5,000.00 a$+ 2,000.00a' a!(ua" +aa?e', ora" +aa?e' a$+ a((or$ey@' )ee', re'*e!(#;e"y.> 317e +#'*o'#(#;e *or(#o$ o) 'a#+ +e!#'#o$ rea+'>=EREFORE, (7e +e!#'#o$ a**ea"e+ )ro #' a))#re+ #$'o)ar a' #( or+ere++e)e$+a$('a**e""a$(' (o *ay 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y (7e *"a#$(#))'a**e""ee' (7e'u o) 20,000.00 re*re'e$(#$? (7e a!(ua" ;a"ue o) -o(' No'. JJ3& a$+ JJ3o) (7e !a+a'(ra" 'ur;ey o) ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a", a$+ #' re;er'e+ #$'o)ar a'

#( a:ar+e+ (7e 'u' o) 2,000.00, 5,000.00 a$+ 2,000.00 a' a!(ua"+aa?e', ora" +aa?e' a$+ a((or$ey@' )ee', re'*e!(#;e"y. No !o'('.SO ORDERED. 32F#$+#$? $o !o?e$( rea'o$ (o ?ra$( a**e""a$('@ o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$, 'a#+a**e""a(e !our( +e$#e+ (7e 'ae.=e$!e, (7e #$'(a$( *e(#(#o$.I$ (7e#r eora$+u *e(#(#o$er' ra#'e+ (7e )o""o:#$? #''ue'1. 7e(7er or $o( (7e +e)e$'e o) *re'!r#*(#o$ a$+ e'(o**e" 7a+ bee$ (#e"ya$+ *ro*er"y #$;oAe+ a$+ ra#'e+ by (7e *e(#(#o$er' #$ (7e "o:er !our(.2. 7e(7er or $o( (7e !au'e a$+Xor !au'e' o) a!(#o$ o) (7e *r#;a(e

re'*o$+e$(', #) e;er (7ere are a$y, a' a""e?e+ #$ (7e#r !o*"a#$( +a(e+ February21, 196 :7#!7 7a' bee$ +o!Ae(e+ #$ (7e (r#a" !our( a' C#;#" Ca'e No. 4J4'u*ra, are )ore;er barre+ by '(a(u(e o) "##(a(#o$ a$+Xor *re'!r#*(#o$ o) a!(#o$ a$+e'(o**e".3. 7e(7er or $o( (7e "a(e Ro'e$+o &";are, a +e)e$+a$( #$ C#;#" Ca'e No.5022, 'u*ra, a$+ )a(7er o) (7e *e(#(#o$er' be!oe a *r#;y a$+Xor *ar(y (o (7e:a#;er E7#b#( >4>+e)e$+a$( S#a'o$H #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 4J4, 'u*ra, :7ere (7e*r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' 7a+ u$


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60/103

&' (o (7e *ro*r#e(y o) (7e *re'e$( !a'e, #( 7a' "o$? bee$ e'(ab"#'7e+ (7a( (7e 'o"eree+y o) (7e "a$+o:$er :7o'e *ro*er(y 7a' bee$ :ro$?)u""y or erro$eou'"yre?#'(ere+ #$ a$o(7er@' $ae #' (o br#$? a$ or+#$ary a!(#o$ #$ (7e or+#$ary !our(o) 8u'(#!e )or re!o$;eya$!e or, #) (7e *ro*er(y 7a' *a''e+ #$(o (7e 7a$+' o) a$#$$o!e$( *ur!7a'er )or ;a"ue, )or +aa?e'. 39 >I( #' o$e (7#$? (o *ro(e!( a$

#$$o!e$( (7#r+ *ar(y #( #' e$(#re"y a +#))ere$( a((er a$+ o$e +e;o#+ o) 8u'(#)#!a(#o$#) +e!e#( :ou"+ be re:ar+e+ by a""o:#$? (7e *er*e(ra(or (o e$8oy (7e )ru#(' o) 7#'$e)ar#ou' +ee+. &' !"ear"y re;ea"e+ by (7e u$+e;#a(#$? "#$e o) +e!#'#o$' !o#$?)ro (7#' Cour(, 'u!7 a$ u$+e'#rab"e e;e$(ua"#(y #' *re!#'e"y 'ou?7( (o be?uar+e+ a?a#$'(.> 407e #''ue o$ (7e r#?7( (o (7e *ro*er(#e' #$ "#(#?a(#o$ 7a;#$? bee$ )#$a""ya+8u+#!a(e+ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022 #$ )a;or o) *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(', #( !a$$o( $o:be reo*e$e+ #$ (7e #$'(a$( !a'e o$ (7e *re(e( (7a( (7e +e)e$'e' o) *re'!r#*(#o$a$+ e'(o**e" 7a;e $o( bee$ *ro*er"y !o$'#+ere+ by (7e "o:er !our(. e(#(#o$er'!ou"+ 7a;e a**ea"e+ #$ (7e )orer !a'e bu( (7ey +#+ $o(. 7ey 7a;e (7ere)ore

)ore!"o'e+ (7e#r r#?7(', #) a$y, a$+ (7ey !a$$o( $o: be 7ear+ (o !o*"a#$ #$a$o(7er !a'e #$ or+er (o +e)ea( (7e e$)or!ee$( o) a 8u+?e$( :7#!7 7a' "o$?be!oe )#$a" a$+ ee!u(ory.e(#(#o$er' )ur(7er !o$(e$+ (7a( (7e "#ab#"#(y ar#'#$? )ro (7e 'a"e o) -o(' No. JJ3

& a$+ JJ3 a+e by Ro'e$+o &";are (o Dr. Ro+o")o S#a'o$ '7ou"+ be (7e 'o"e"#ab#"#(y o) (7e "a(e Ro'e$+o &";are or o) 7#' e'(a(e, a)(er 7#' +ea(7. ""!+Su!7 !o$(e$(#o$ #' u$(e$ab"e )or #( o;er"ooA' (7e +o!(r#$e ob(a#$#$? #$ (7#'

8ur#'+#!(#o$ o$ (7e ?e$era" (ra$'#''#b#"#(y o) (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e+e!ea'e+ (o 7#' "e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$ a$+ 7e#r'. 7u', (7e *er(#$e$( *ro;#'#o$' o)

(7e C#;#" Co+e '(a(e>&r(. JJ4. Su!!e''#o$ #' a o+e o) a!


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aou$( o) (7e *a#+ !"a# #$ )a!( +##$#'7e' or re+u!e' (7e '7are' (7a( (7e 7e#r':ou"+ 7a;e bee$ e$(#("e+ (o re!e#;e.>/$+er our "a:, (7ere)ore, (7e ?e$era" ru"e #' (7a( a *ar(y@' !o$(ra!(ua" r#?7(' a$+ob"#?a(#o$' are (ra$'#''#b"e (o (7e 'u!!e''or'. 7e ru"e #' a !o$'e


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13. E7#b#(' 12 a$+ 13.14. E7#b#(' 10, 11, 14 a$+ 15.15. E7#b#( 4&";are.16. Re!or+ o$ &**ea", *. 25.1J. E7#b#( E.

1. Ca+. Ca'e No. 6 E7#b#( 3.19. Ca+. Ca'e No. 6.20. E7#b#( 5.21. E7#b#( 6.22. E7#b#( J.23. E7#b#( 9.24. C#;#" Ca'e No. 4J4.25. Re!or+ o$ &**ea", **. 9.26. Re!or+ o$ &**ea", *. 36.2J. Ib#+., *. 63.

2. Ib#+., **. 9599.29. Re!or+ o$ &**ea", **. 100101.30. or)#r#o V. S#'o$ r. ., *o$e$(e &b+u":a7#+ &. #+#$, ar!e"#$o R. Ve"o'oa$+ De'#+er#o . ura+o , . !o$!urr#$?.31. Ro""o, *. 32.32. Ro""o, *. 32.33. Ro""o, *. 119.34. Ro""o, *. 2J.35. #ra$+a ;. C.&., 141 SCR& 302 [196].

36. N?o u$ #o$? ;. u+?e Sayo, G.R. No. 4525, u$e 30, 19.3J. Re!or+ o$ &**ea", **. 2425.3. Ro""o, *. 2J.39. u#$#a$o e( a". ;. C.&., 39 SCR& 221 [19J1].40. Ib#+.41. 100 7#". 3.42. -o*e ;'. E$r#


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RECOVER OF =E C-&I. 7e )#"#$? o) a !"a# be)ore (7e !o#((ee o$!"a#' a$+ a**ra#'a", a**o#$(e+ #$ (7e #$(e'(a(e o) (7e )a(7er, )or a o$e(aryob"#?a(#o$ !o$(ra!(e+ by a 'o$ :7o +#e+ be)ore 7#, +oe' $o( 'u'*e$+ (7e*re'!r#*(#;e *er#o+ o) (7e 8u+#!#a" a!(#o$ )or (7e re!o;ery o) 'a#+ #$+eb(e+$e''.2. ID. ID. 7e !"a# )or (7e *aye$( o) a$ #$+eb(e+$e'' !o$(ra!(e+ by a

+e!ea'e+ *er'o$ !a$$o( be )#"e+ )or #(' !o""e!(#o$ be)ore (7e !o#((ee o$!"a#' a$+ a**ra#'a" a**o#$(e+ #$ (7e #$(e'(a(e o) 7#' )a(7er, a$+ (7e *ro*er(#e'#$7er#(e+ )ro (7e "a((er by (7e !7#"+re$ o) 'a#+ +e!ea'e+ +o $o( a$':er )or (7e*aye$( o) (7e #$+eb(e+$e'' !o$(ra!(e+ +ur#$? (7e "#)e(#e o) 'a#+ *er'o$.D E C I S I O NVI--&RE&-, *7#' !a'e #' be)ore u' by ;#r(ue o) a$ a**ea" (aAe$ by (7e +e)e$+a$(' Co$!7#(a!-a!7"#$, -ore$o u#(!o, 8r., Sab#$a u#(!o, Ra)ae" u#(!o a$+ ar!e"au#(!o, )ro (7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) O!!#+e$(a" Ne?ro', (7e+#'*o'#(#;e *ar( o) :7#!7 rea+'

>For (7e )ore?o#$? !o$'#+era(#o$', (7e !our( re$+er' 8u+?e$( #$ (7#' !a'e+e!"ar#$? &$a u#(!o -e+e'a a$ a!A$o:"e+?e+ $a(ura" +au?7(er o) (7e+e!ea'e+ -ore$o . u#(!o, )or "e?a" *ur*o'e', bu( ab'o";#$? (7e +e)e$+a$('a' (o (7e *rayer #$ (7e )#r'( !au'e o) a!(#o$ (7a( (7e 'a#+ &$a u#(!o -e+e'a be+e!"are+ e$(#("e+ (o '7are #$ (7e *ro*er(#e' "e)( by (7e +e!ea'e+ Eu'eb#o u#(!o.>&' (o (7e 'e!o$+ !au'e o) a!(#o$, (7e 'a#+ +e)e$+a$(' are or+ere+ (o *ay (o (7e*"a#$(#)) So!orro -e+e'a, 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y, o$"y (7e 'u o) o$e (7ou'a$+)#;e 7u$+re+ *e'o' 1,500H, :#(7 (7e "e?a" #$(ere'( (7ereo$ )ro (7e )#"#$? o) (7#'!o*"a#$( u$(#" )u""y *a#+. No *ro$ou$!ee$( #' a+e a' (o (7e !o'('. So

or+ere+.>I$ 'u**or( o) (7e#r a**ea", (7e a**e""a$(' a''#?$ (7e )o""o:#$? error' a""e?e+"y!o#((e+ by (7e (r#a" !our( #$ #(' a)ore'a#+ +e!#'#o$>1. 7a( (7e (r#a" !our( erre+ #$ 7o"+#$? (7a( (7e a!(#o$ )or (7e re!o;ery o) (7e'u o) 1,500, re*re'e$(#$? (7e "a'( #$'(a""e$( o) (7e $o(e E7#b#( C 7a' $o( ye(*re'!r#be+.>2. 7a( (7e (r#a" !our( erre+ #$ 7o"+#$? (7a( (7e *ro*er(y #$7er#(e+ by (7e+e)e$+a$(' )ro (7e#r +e!ea'e+ ?ra$+)a(7er by (7e r#?7( o) re*re'e$(a(#o$ #''ub8e!( (o (7e +eb(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e#r +e!ea'e+ )a(7er :7o +#e+ :#(7ou(a$y *ro*er(y :7a('oe;er.

>3. 7a( (7e (r#a" !our( erre+ #$ !o$+e$#$? (7e +e)e$+a$(' (o *ay 8o#$("y a$+'e;era""y (7e *"a#$(#)) So!orro -e+e'a (7e 'u o) 1,500.>7e o$"y )a!(' (o be !o$'#+ere+ #$ (7e +e(er#$a(#o$ o) (7e "e?a"

succesion cases day 1 - for reading

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