substrate integrated waveguide base for leaky wave antennas · 10/16/2014 wm1 - “new trends in...

WM1 - New Trends in Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs)

Substrate Integrated Waveguide – Base for Leaky Wave Antennas

Jan Machac Czech Technical University in Prague,

Prague, Czech Republic [email protected]

10/16/2014 WM1 - “New Trends in Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs)" - “Jan Machac" 2


e

Motto:Motto:



Layout:Layout:

Introduction, motivation

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas

Antenna radiating from a slot in the broad wall

Antenna based on CRLH SIW – senzor application

Dual band CRLH SIW Antenna

Conclusion



Introduction Introduction -- MotivationMotivation

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

- One of the most important innovations of the last decade. - Bridges the gap between planar circuits (microstrip, CPW, etc.) and metallic waveguides. - Direct equivalent to metallic waveguides. - Enables complete integration with planar circuits - Simple fabrication by standard PCB technology



direct analogy of metallic rectangular waveguide - field confinement - low losses - suitable for integration – planar structure

D. Deslandes, K. Wu: “Accurate modeling, wave mechanism, and design considerations of a substrate integrate waveguide,” IEEE Trans. on MTT, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 2516-2526, June 2006.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

er

metallic pins

cond. walls

diel. subst.



Leaky Wave AntennaLeaky Wave Antenna

theoretical field distribution:

qo

ko

b

b < ko - fast wave k = b - ja phase matching qo = arccos(b/ko)

Dq a/ko



Open planar transmission lines: surface leaky wavesOpen planar transmission lines: surface leaky waves space space leaky wavesleaky waves

Menzel – 1st microstrip line leaky wave antenna (1979)

Oliner – exact analysis of the 1st microstrip leaky wave antenna (1987)

Sheen & Lin – 1st slotline leaky wave antenna (1998)

Zehentner at al – slotline leaky wave antenna – conductor backed slotline leaky wave antenna

– flat slotted waveguide => Substrate Integrated Waveguide

e

e

e



D. Deslandes and K. Wu, “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna: Concept and Design Considerations, ” 2005 Asia Pacific Microwave. Conf. Proc., Dec. 2005, Suzhou, China.

SIW based antennasSIW based antennas



J. Xu, W. Hong, H. Tang, Z. Kuai, K. Wu, “Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lett., Vol. 7, pp. 85-88, 2008.

Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide



J. Xu, W. Hong, H. Tang, Z. Kuai, K. Wu, “Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lett., Vol. 7, pp. 85-88, 2008.

26.5 GHz

28 GHz



J. Machac, P. Lorenz, M. Saglam, C.-T. Bui, and W. Kraemer, “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antenna Radiating from a Slot in the Broad Wall,” 2010 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Digest,

TU1A-2, May 2010.

e



Y. D. Dong, and T. Itoh, “Composite Right/Left-Handed Substrate Integrated Waveguide and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Structures,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag.,

Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2011, pp.767-775.

Y. Weitsch and T. F. Eibert, “Composite Right-/Left-Handed Interdigital Leaky-Wave Antenna on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” EUCAP’2010: The 4th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag., April 2010, Barcelona, Spain.

CRLH SIW CRLH SIW based antennasbased antennas



Y. D. Dong, and T. Itoh, “Composite Right/Left-Handed Substrate Integrated Waveguide and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Structures,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2011,

pp.767-775.



Y. D. Dong, and T. Itoh, “Substrate Integrated Composite Right-/Left-Handed Leaky-Wave Structure for Polarization-Flexible Antenna Application,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, No. 2, Feb. 2012, pp.760-771.



circular polarization

one cell dispersion characteristic

scattering parameters

3-dB HMSIW directional coupler

Y. D. Dong, and T. Itoh, “Substrate Integrated Composite Right-/Left-Handed Leaky-Wave Structure for Polarization-Flexible Antenna Application,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, No. 2, Feb. 2012, pp.760-771.



Y. D

. Do

ng

, an

d T

. Ito

h, “

Sub

stra

te In

tegr

ated

Co

mp

osi

te

Rig

ht-

/Lef

t-H

and

ed L

eaky

-Wav

e St

ruct

ure

fo

r Po

lari

zati

on

-Fle

xib

le A

nte

nn

a A

pp

licat

ion

,” IE

EE T

ran

s. o

n

An

ten

na

s P

rop

ag

., V

ol.

60

, No

. 2, F

eb. 2

01

2, p

p.7

60

-77

1.

LH

RH

broad 8.2 GHz



H. Lee, J. H. Choi, Y. Kasahara, T. Itoh, “A Circularly Polarized Single Radiator Leaky-Wave Antenna based on CRLH-Inspired Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” 2014 MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.,

Tampa, Fl., June 2014, TU1D-1.



H. Lee, J. H. Choi, Y. Kasahara, T. Itoh, “A Circularly Polarized Single Radiator Leaky-Wave Antenna based on CRLH-Inspired Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” 2014 MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.,

Tampa, Fl., June 2014, TU1D-1.

LH

RH



dual-band antenna

M. Duran-Sindreu, J. Choi, J. Bonache, F. Martin, T. Itoh: “Dual-Band Leaky Wave Antenna with Filtering Capability Based on Extended/Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines,” 2013 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp.

Digest, TH3F-3, June 2013.

A B C D

SIW parasitic

A SIW

B, D B, D C



M. Duran-Sindreu, J. Choi, J. Bonache, F. Martin, T. Itoh: “Dual-Band Leaky Wave Antenna with Filtering Capability Based on Extended/Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines,” 2013 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp.

Digest, TH3F-3, June 2013.

one cell dispersion characteristic

gain, scanning sensitivity

2nd band

1st band



J. Machac, M. Polivka, K. Zemlyakov: “A Dual Band Leaky Wave Antenna on a CRLH Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 7, July 2013, pp. 3876-3879.

phase constant (m-1)

frequency(GHz)

0 50 100 150 2006

8

10

12

14

16

first CRLH band

second CRLH band LH2

RH2

RH1

LH1

dual-band antenna



Antenna radiating from a slot in the broad wallAntenna radiating from a slot in the broad wall

J. Machac, P. Lorenz, M. Saglam, C.-T. Bui, and W. Kraemer, “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antenna Radiating from a Slot in the Broad Wall,” 2010 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Digest, TU1A-2, May 2010.



f (GHz)

b/ko

10 15 20 25 30 35 400.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0ko

w = 5.5mm

w = 3mmw = 4mmw = 4.5mmw = 5mm

w = 6mmw = 7mm

w = 2mm

b = 9mmer= 3.48

h = 0.508mm

f (GHz)

a/ko

10 15 20 25 30 35 400.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

ww = 5mm= 5mm

dispersion characteristics spectral domain method required: 19 – 20 GHz

J. Zehentner, J. Machac, J.Mrkvica: “Flat Waveguide with a Longitudinal Slot,” 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Long Beach, Ca., USA, June 2005, TH4C-4.

a

e

a w

h



a = 9.16mm, d = 0.4mm, via distance p = 0.6mm

SIW – to – microstrip transition:

optimization to get min. S11: tw = 4.42mm, tl = 9.21mm, 50W microstrip line Rogers 4350B substrate, h = 0.508 mm, relative permittivity 3.48

D. Deslandes, K. Wu: “Accurate modeling, wave mechanism, and design considerations of a substrate integrate waveguide,” IEEE Trans. on MTT, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 2516-2526, June 2006.

a



f (GHz)

S11,

S21(dB)

10 15 20 25 30-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

S21

S11

measured S11 and S21

range of effecive radiation

power losses

f (GHz)

As(dB)

10 15 20 25 30-20

-15

-10

-5

0



radiation patterns calculated and measured at 20 GHz

measured scanning

Q = 90°

Q = 270°

Q = 0°

input



w = 4mm 17.5 GHz 17 GHz 16 GHz

w = 5mm 21 GHz 20 GHz 19 GHz Df = 3.2GHz

Df = 2.5GHz



array of three antennas (not optimized) w = 5mm

in-phase feeding, equal amplitudes

21 GHz 20 GHz 19 GHz

18 GHz



CRLH SIW LWA ANTENNACRLH SIW LWA ANTENNA radar application

F. Kozak, V. Jenik, J. Machac, P. Hudec, „Microwave Radar Sensor Based on CRLH SIW Leaky-Wave Antennas“, 2014 EuMW, Roma, EuRAD04-03.



Rogers RO4003C h=1.524 mm permittivity 3.38 26 CRLH cells 9.5 mm in length and 9 mm in width

dispersion characteristic, calculated by CST eigen-mode solver



calculated scattering parameters LH RH



measured and calculated radiation pattern, 11 GHz



11.5 GHz

11 GHz

10.5 GHz

10 GHz

9.6 GHz

9.3 GHz

9 GHz

8.5 GHz

directivity (dB)

20-20

90

0 180

-90

broad side

forward

backward

beam steering

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12

an

gle

of

rad

iati

on

(d

eg

)

frequency (GHz)

disper. Char.

rad. Pat. CST

measur.

Calculated by CST MwS:



quad quad (dual) band operation of CRLH(dual) band operation of CRLH

G. V. Eleftheriades, “A Generalized Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line (NRI-TL) Metamaterial for Dual-Band and Quad-Band Applications,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 17, No. 6, June 2007, pp. 415-417.

LhsChp = LvsCvp



CRLH SIW Dual Band LW AntennaCRLH SIW Dual Band LW Antenna

design of a unit cell:

radiating meander slot (interdigital capacitor)

inductive pins SIW wall

SIW wall

16.8

11.2

0.5

5.6

Ø0.4, d=0.6

Df1 = 15 MHz, Df2 = 100 MHz


frequency(GHz)

0 50 100 150 2006

8

10

12

14

16

first CRLH band

second CRLH band LH2

RH2

RH1

LH1



first design

J. Machac, M. Polivka: “A Dual Band CRLH Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antenna,” 41st European Microwave Conference, October 9-13, 2011, Manchester, UK, pp. 535-538.



radiation patterns in the second band

calculated (CST) measured

Q = 0°

Q = 180°

Q = 90°

input

q (deg)

directivity(dB)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

13.0 GHz13.5 GHz14.0 GHz14.2 GHz14.6 GHz15.5 GHz

backwardforward

Bragg reflection bd = p

q (deg)

directivity(dB)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

13.0 GHz13.5 GHz14.0 GHz14.2 GHz14.6 GHz15.5 GHz

backwardforward



Reduction the spurious radiation beams

by shortening the SIW cell - new design using d = 12 mm

12


frequency(GHz)

0 50 100 150 200 2506

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

ko

first CRLH band

second CRLH bandd=22mmd=16.8mmd=12mm

b=10.8mm

b=10.2mm

b=10.4mm

J. Machac, M. Polivka, K. Zemlyakov: “A Dual Band Leaky Wave Antenna on a CRLH Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 7, July 2013, pp. 3876-3879.



10.8

12

8.7

5.5

er SIW radiating slot

10.8

1.2

0.3 0.3 0.3

Designed antenna

Rogers RO4003C h=1.524 mm permittivity 3.38



3W 3W 0.081pF 0.081pF

2.094nH 2.094nH

0.4nH 0.4nH

0.042pF 0.042pF 0.091pF

0.208pF

0.0027S 0.188nH

0.814nH

0.01W

J. Machac, M. Polivka, “A Dual Band SIW Leaky Wave Antenna,” 2012 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest, WE4J-4, June 2012.

LH1 RH1 LH2 RH2



measured and calculated (CST MwS) antenna S parameters



radiation patterns in the first band


Q = 180°

Q = 0°

Q = 90°

input

backward forward backward forward



Q = 180°

Q = 0°

Q = 90°

input radiation patterns in the second band


backward forward backward forward



scanning sensitivity Q = 180°

Q = 0°

Q = 90°

input

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

5 10 15 20

q (d

eg

)

f (GHz)

1st band calc.

1st band meas.

2nd band calc.

2nd band meas.



Conclusion:Conclusion:

SIW leaky wave antennas, owerview

antenna radiating from the slot in the broad wall

CRLH LWA for radar sensor application

LWAs working in two frequency bands - 9 GHz and 17 GHz



Thank you for your kind attention!Thank you for your kind attention!

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under project No. 13-09086S.

substrate integrated waveguide base for leaky wave antennas · 10/16/2014 wm1 - “new trends in...

Documents