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SUBSTANCE USE

Noor Almaoui, LCSW

President & CEO of Universal Ethos Inc.

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COMMON SUBSTANCES

•Caffeine

•Tobacco

•Alcohol

•Cannabis•Opioid

•Cocaine

• Inhalant

• Phencyclidine

•Hallucinogen

• Sedative•Amphetamine

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CAFFEINE

Forms of Caffeine:•Coffee

•Tea

• Soft drinks

•Chocolate• Energy drinks

Methods of use:•Drink

• Eat

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HOW CAFFEINE WORKS

Side effects of caffeine:

• Alert

• Active• Restlessness

• Excitability• Dizziness

• Anxiety

• Irritability

Withdrawal symptoms (sxs) of caffeine:• Headache

• Fatigue

• Decreased energy/activeness• Decreased alertness

• Drowsiness• Decreased contentedness

• Depressed mood

• Difficulty concentrating • Irritability

• Feeling foggy/not clearheaded

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TOBACCO

Forms of Tobacco:

• Cigarettes

• Cigars/Cigarillos• Dissolvable Products

• Electronic Cigarettes (i.e. Vape Pen, e-Hookah, Hookah Pen)• Smokeless Tobacco Products (i.e. dip)

• Waterpipes (i.e. Hookah, Shisha, Narghile, Argileh)

Methods of use:

• Smoke

• Chew• Sniff

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HOW TOBACCO WORKS

Side effects of tobacco:

• Initial stimulation, then reduction in activity of brain and nervous system

• Increased alertness and concentration• Feelings of mild euphoria• Feelings of relaxation

• Increased blood pressure and heart rate• Decreased blood flow to fingers and toes

• Decreased skin temperature

• Odorous breath• Decreased appetite

• Dizziness• Nausea, abdominal cramps and vomiting

• Headache• Coughing, due to smoke irritation.

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HOW TOBACCO WORKS (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of tobacco:• Intense cravings for nicotine• Tingling in the hands and feet• Sweating• Nausea and abdominal cramping• Constipation and gas

• Headaches• Coughing

• Sore throat

• Insomnia

• Difficulty concentrating• Anxiety• Irritability

• Depression• Weight gain

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ALCOHOL

Common Names:• Booze• Brew• Juice• Hooch• Liquor• Sauce• Drank

Methods of use:• Drink• Eat• Enema

• “Eyeballing”• Inject• Inhale

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HOW ALCOHOL WORKS

Side effects of alcohol:

• Blackout• Dizziness

• Shakiness• Craving

• Sweating• Aggression

• Agitation

• Compulsive behavior

• Self-destructive behavior

• Lack of restraint• Anxiety

• Euphoria• General discontent

• Guilt

• Loneliness

• Nausea and/or vomiting

• Delirium• Fear

• Problems with coordination• Slurred speech

• Tremor

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HOW ALCOHOL WORKS (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of alcohol:

• Shakiness

• Sweating• Loss of appetite

• Agitation• Restlessness

• Irritability

• Nausea and/or vomiting

• Anxiety/nervousness

• Fast heart rate

• Tremor• Disorientation

• Headache• Insomnia

• Hallucinations

• Seizures

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CANNABIS

Forms of Cannabis:

• Traditional leaves

• Powdered leaves• Hashish

• Tea or juice

Methods of use:• Smoke

• Eat (edibles, tinctures, capsules or oils)

• Topical

• Inhale• Sublingual (under the tongue)

• Tincture

• Honey butane oil• Shatter• Wax

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COMMON NAMES OF CANNABIS

• Pot

•Weed• Grass• 420

• Ganga• Dope• Herb• Joint

• Blunt

• Cannabis• Reefer• Mary Jane

• Buds• Stinkweed• Nuggets• Chronic

• Ashes

• Block• Boo• Broccoli

• Burrito• Burnie• Charge

• Tobacco

• Hay• Rope• Gangster

• Skunk• Boom• Blaze

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HOW CANNABIS WORKS

Side effects of cannabis:• altered senses (for example,

seeing brighter colors)• altered sense of time• changes in mood• impaired body movement• difficulty with thinking and

problem-solving

• impaired memory• hallucinations (when taken in

high doses)• delusions (when taken in high

doses)• psychosis (risk is highest with

regular use of high potency marijuana)

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HOW CANNABIS WORKS (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of cannabis:

• grouchiness

• sleeplessness• decreased appetite

• anxiety• cravings

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OPIOIDS

Types and Forms of Opioids:

• Heroin (powder)• Fentanyl (patches, shot, lozanges, pill)

• Prescription pain relievers (i.e. oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, etc.; tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions and suppositories.)

Methods of use:

• Smoke

• Eat/Swallow• Sniff

• Inject

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COMMON NAMES OF OPIOIDS

• Heroin

• Street Names: Brown sugar, China White, Dope, H, Horse, Junk, Skag, Skunk, Smack, White Horse, With OTC cold medicine and antihistamine: Cheese

• Prescription Opioids• Commercial Names: Codeine

Street Names: Captain Cody, Cody, Lean, Schoolboy, Sizzurp, Purple Drank With gluteth- imide: Doors & Fours, Loads, Pancakes and Syrup

• Commercial Names: Fentanyl, Actiq, Duragesic, SublimazeStreet Names: Apache, China Girl, China White, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfella, Jackpot, Murder 8, Tango and Cash, TNT

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COMMON NAMES OF OPIOIDS

• Prescription Opioids

• Commercial Names: Hydrocodone, Vicodin®, Lortab®, Lorcet®Street Names:Vike, Watson-387

• Commercial Names: Hydromorphone, Dilaudid®Street Names: D, Dillies, Footballs, Juice, Smack

• Commercial Names: Meperidine, Demerol®Street Names: Demmies, Pain Killer

• Commercial Names: Methadone, Dolophine®, Methadose®Street Names: Amidone, Fizzies With MDMA: Chocolate Chip Cookies

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COMMON NAMES OF OPIOIDS (CONT.)

• Prescription Opioids

• Commercial Names: Morphine, Duramorph®, Roxanol®Street Names: M, Miss Emma, Monkey, White Stuff

• Commercial Names: Oxycodone, OxyContin®, Percodan®, Percocet®Street Names: O.C., Oxycet, Oxycotton, Oxy, Hillbilly Heroin, Percs

• Commercial Names: Oxymorphone, Opana®Street Names: Biscuits, Blue Heaven, Blues, Mrs. O, O Bomb, Octagons, Stop Signs

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HOW OPIOIDS WORK

Side effects of opioids:

• drowsiness

• confusion• nausea

• constipation• euphoria

• slowed breathing

Withdrawal sxs of opioids:

• muscle and bone pain

• sleep problems• diarrhea and vomiting

• cold flashes with goose bumps• uncontrollable leg movements

• severe cravings

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COCAINE

Forms of Cocaine:

• Powder

• Crystal

Methods of use:

• Snort

• Rub on gums• Inject

• Smoke/Inhale (as a vapor)

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COMMON NAMES OF COCAINE

• Coke

• Flake• Snow• Blow

• White• Toot

• Base

• Basa

• Powder• Dust

• Big Rush• Pearl

• Bump

• Line

• Rail• Snow• Stash

• Yeyo

• Candy

• Cola

• C• Big flakes

• Nose candy• Baseball

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HOW COCAINE WORKS

Side effects of cocaine:

• extreme happiness and energy

• mental alertness• hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and

touch

• irritability• paranoia—extreme and

unreasonable distrust of others

• constricted blood vessels

• dilated pupils

• nausea• raised body temperature and

blood pressure

• fast or irregular heartbeat• tremors and muscle twitches

• restlessness

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HOW COCAINE WORKS (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of cocaine:

• depression

• fatigue• increased appetite

• unpleasant dreams and insomnia• slowed thinking

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INHALANTS

Forms of Inhalants:

• Volatile solvents (i.e. paint thinners and removers, dry-cleaning fluids, degreasers, gasoline, glues, correction fluids, and felt-tip markers)

• Aerosols (i.e. spray paints, deodorant and hair sprays, vegetable oil sprays for cooking, and fabric protector sprays.)

• Gases (i.e. medical anesthetics (ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide) and gases used in household or commercial products (butane lighters, propane tanks, and refrigerants)• Nitrites (i.e. cyclohexyl nitrite, isoamyl (amyl) nitrite, and isobutyl (butyl) nitrite)

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INHALANTS (CONT.)

Methods of use:• "sniffing" or "snorting" fumes from containers;• spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth;• "bagging" — sniffing or inhaling fumes from substances sprayed or

deposited inside a plastic or paper bag;

• "huffing" from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the mouth; and• inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide.

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COMMON NAMES OF INHALANTS

• Bold (nitrites)

• Laughing gas (nitrous oxide)

• Poppers (amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite)• Rush (nitrites)

• Snappers (amyl nitrite)• Whippets (fluorinated hydrocarbons)

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HOW INHALANTS WORK

Side effects of inhalants:• Rapid high (such as alcohol intoxication)

• Excitement followed by drowsiness• Disinhibition

• Lightheadedness and/or dizziness• Agitation• Loss of sensation/consciousness• Belligerence

• Apathy• Impaired judgment

• Nausea and/or vomiting• Confusion and/or delirium

• Slurred speech• Lethargy• Euphoria• Headache

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HOW INHALANTS WORK (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of inhalants:• Body pain• Cravings• Depression

• Hallucinations• Headaches

• Insomnia

• Nervousness

• Panic attacks• Psychosis

• Sweating• Tremors

• Nausea• Headache

• Headache

• Anxiety

• Depression• Irritability

• Dizziness• Strong craving for

more inhalants

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PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

Forms of Phencyclidine:• Pills• Powder• Liquid (dissolved in ether)

Methods of use:• Inhale• Smoke (usually added to leafy

material such as mint, oregano, cannabis, tobacco, parsley, and ginger leaves)

• Inject• Swallow

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COMMON NAMES OF PHENCYCLIDINE

• Angel dust

• Boat• Hog

• Love boat• Wack

• Ozone

• Peace pill• Dust

• Embalming fluid• Rocket fuel

PCP with cannabis:

• Supergrass

• Superweed• Whacko tobacco

• Killer joints

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HOW PHENCYCLIDINE WORKS

• Increased bloodpressure• Shallow breath• Increased sweating• Nausea and/or vomit• Blurred vision• Drooling

• Dizziness• Violence and/or suicide

Side effects of Phencyclidine:• Detachment/estranged from

surroundings• Numbness of extremities• Slurred speech• Loss of coordination• Blank stare• Rapid and involuntary eye

movement• Exaggerated gait

• Auditory hallucinations

• Image distortion

• Severe mood disorder• Amnesia

• Anxiety• Paranoia

• Violent hostility

• Increased breathing

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HOW PHENCYCLIDINE WORKS (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of phencyclidine:• Fear• Agitation• Anxiety• Irritability• Restlessness

• Sweating• Headache

• Muscle twitching and tremors

• Muscle breakdown

• Hallucinations• Seizures

• Hyperactive eye movements• Diarrhea

• Elevated body temperature

• Acidosis

• Depression

• Suicidal thoughts

• Memory loss• Weight loss

• Speech impairment• Impaired cognitive function

• Sleep disturbances

• Mood disorders

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HALLUCINOGENS

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COMMON NAMES OF HALLUCINOGENS

• LSD: acid, blotter acid, dots, and mellow yellow.

• Psilocybin: little smoke, magic mushrooms, and shrooms.

• Peyote: buttons, cactus, and mesc.• DMT: hoasca, aya, and yage, Dimitri.

• Ketamine: Special K and Cat Valium• DXM: Robo

• Salvia: Diviner's Sage, Maria Pastora, Sally-D, and Magic Mint.

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HOW HALLUCINOGENS WORK

Side effects of hallucinogens:• increased heart rate

• nausea• intensified feelings and sensory

experiences (such as seeing brighter colors)• changes in sense of time (for

example, the feeling that time is passing by slowly)

• uncoordinated movements

• excessive sweating• panic

• paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others• psychosis—disordered thinking

detached from reality

• bizarre behaviors

• increased blood pressure, breathing rate, or body temperature

• loss of appetite• dry mouth

• sleep problems• spiritual experiences

• feelings of relaxation

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SEDATIVES

Forms of Sedatives:

(All come in pill, capsule and/or liquid form)

• Barbiturates: pentobarbital (Nembutal®), phenobarbital (Luminal®)• Benzodiazepines: alprazolam (Xanax®), chlorodiazepoxide (Limbitrol®), diazepam

(Valium®), lorazepam (Ativan®), triazolam (Halicon®)

• Sleep Medications: eszopiclone (Lunesta®), zaleplon (Sonata®), zolpidem (Ambien®)

Methods of use:

Barbiturates are ingested or injected. Benzos and sleep meds are ingested or snorted.

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COMMON NAMES OF SEDATIVES

• Barbiturates:

Barbs, Phennies, Red Birds, Reds, Tooies, Yellow Jackets, Yellows

• Benzodiazepines:Candy, Downers, Sleeping Pills, Tranks

• Sleep Medications:Forget-me Pill, Mexican Valium, R2, Roche, Roofies, Roofinol, Rope, Rophies

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HOW SEDATIVES WORK

Side effects of sedatives:

• Drowsiness

• Sedation• Slurred speech

• Poor concentration• Confusion

• Dizziness

• Clammy skin

• Impaired judgment, coordination and memory

• Reduced anxiety• Lowered blood pressure• Slowed breathing and central nervous system

• Coma• Death

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HOW SEDATIVES WORK (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of sedatives:

• Restlessness

• Muscle shaking• Excessive sweating

• Nausea or vomiting• Insomnia

• Depression/anxiety

• Hallucinations• Delirium

• Fatal seizures

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AMPHETAMINES

Forms of Amphetamines:• Prescription stimulants (i.e.

Adderall®, Concerta®, Dexedrine®, Focalin®, Metadate®, Methylin®, Ritalin®) which typically are made in pill form.

Methods of use:• Swallow• Inject• Snort • Smoke (crystalized

methamphetaminehydrochloride)

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COMMON NAMES OF AMPHETAMINES

• Bennies

• Black Beauties• Crank

• Ice• Speed

• Uppers

• Meth

• Blue• Crystal

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HOW AMPHETAMINES WORK

Side effects of amphetamines:• Increased body temperature• Increased blood pressure• Increased pulse rate• Insomnia• Loss of appetite• Euphoria

• Physical exhaustion• Paranoia• Hallucinations• Violent and erratic behavior• Increased energy and focus

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HOW AMPHETAMINES WORK (CONT.)

Withdrawal sxs of amphetamines:

• Extreme fatigue

• Sleep disturbances• Insomnia, followed by hypersomnia

• Intense and vivid drug-related dreams• Hunger

• Memory impairment

• Drug cravings• Anhedonia (loss of interest

in pleasurable activities)• Anxiety• Depression

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SAHMSA NATIONAL HELPLINE

1-800-662-4357

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LOCAL SUBSTANCE USE REHABILITATION CENTERS

Call 211 for more information

• American Addiction Centers: 1-877-459-9580

• TarzanaTreatment Centers: 1-888-777-8565• Cri Help: 818-985-8323

• Acton Rehabilitation: 661-223-8800

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RESOURCES

•www.drugabuse.gov

•www.dea.gov

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REFERENCES

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430790/

• https://www.mydr.com.au/addictions/smoking-what-are-the-effects

• https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana

• https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids

• https://www.nihlibrary.nih.gov/resources/subject-guides/opioids/street-commercial-names

• https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/prescription-opioids

• https://luxury.rehabs.com/cocaine-addiction/street-names-and-nicknames/

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REFERENCES (CONT.)

• https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

• https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/inhalants/what-are-inhalants

• https://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/inhalants

• https://www.mentalhelp.net/substance-abuse/inhalants/withdrawal/

• https://www.drugs.com/illicit/pcp.html

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424847/table/appd.t15/

• https://drugabuse.com/sedatives/

• https://drugabuse.com/adderall/withdrawal/

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NOOR ALMAOUI, LCSWPRESIDENT & CEO OF UNIVERSAL ETHOS INC .COUNSELING, CONSULTING, AND TRAINING

CONTACT INFORMATION --EMAIL ADDRESS: NOOR.ALMAOUI@GMAIL.COM

Thank you for joining me today. I hope you enjoyed the training!

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