substance abuse and poisonings chapter 17. identifying the patient and the poison poison- any...
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Substance Abuse and Poisonings
Chapter 17Chapter 17
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Identifying the Patient and the Poison
• Poison- any substance who’s chemical reaction can damage body structures or impair body functions– Poisons act by changing the normal metabolism of
cells or by destroying them– Poisonings may act:
• Acutely (heroin overdose)• Chronically (alcohol abuse)
• Substance abuse- the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect– Symptoms and signs of poisoning or overdose will
vary depending upon the substance
• Poison- any substance who’s chemical reaction can damage body structures or impair body functions– Poisons act by changing the normal metabolism of
cells or by destroying them– Poisonings may act:
• Acutely (heroin overdose)• Chronically (alcohol abuse)
• Substance abuse- the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect– Symptoms and signs of poisoning or overdose will
vary depending upon the substance
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Ingestion- (swallowing)
• If the patient has ingested a poison you may want to ask the following questions:– What did you take?– When did you take it?– How much did you take?– What actions have been taken?– How much do you weigh?– Also, investigate the scene
• If the patient has ingested a poison you may want to ask the following questions:– What did you take?– When did you take it?– How much did you take?– What actions have been taken?– How much do you weigh?– Also, investigate the scene
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How Poisons Get Into the Body
• Inhalation• Absorbed / surface contact • Ingested• Injected
• Inhalation• Absorbed / surface contact • Ingested• Injected
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Administration of Activated Charcoal
• When a poison has been ingested DO NOT induce vomiting
• Administer activated charcoal by mouth and transport immediately
• When a poison has been ingested DO NOT induce vomiting
• Administer activated charcoal by mouth and transport immediately
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Specific Poisons
• Over time a patient who routinely misuses a substance will need increasing amounts to achieve the same effect; this is called developing a tolerance.
• Addiction- an overwhelming desire to continue using the substance
• Over time a patient who routinely misuses a substance will need increasing amounts to achieve the same effect; this is called developing a tolerance.
• Addiction- an overwhelming desire to continue using the substance
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Alcohol
• The most commonly abused drug in the united states is alcohol
• It is a powerful CNS depressant that– Dulls the sense of awareness, slows reflexes, and
reduces reaction time– Sedative- decreases activity and excitement– Hypnotic- induces sleep
• A person in alcohol withdraw may experience Delirium tremens (DT’s)- frightening hallucinations characterized
• The most commonly abused drug in the united states is alcohol
• It is a powerful CNS depressant that– Dulls the sense of awareness, slows reflexes, and
reduces reaction time– Sedative- decreases activity and excitement– Hypnotic- induces sleep
• A person in alcohol withdraw may experience Delirium tremens (DT’s)- frightening hallucinations characterized
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Opiods
– CNS depressants and may cause severe respiratory depression
– Patient may appear sedated, cyanotic, and have pin point pupils
– The only way to reverse the effects is the administration of Narcan (which must be done by ALS)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xU_vcb3kso
– CNS depressants and may cause severe respiratory depression
– Patient may appear sedated, cyanotic, and have pin point pupils
– The only way to reverse the effects is the administration of Narcan (which must be done by ALS)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xU_vcb3kso
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Sedative - Hypnotic Drugs
• CNS Depressant which exhibits signs and symptoms similar to alcohol
• Does not produce desired effects by itself and usually taken with alcohol or Opiods
• These are sometimes given to people as a “knock out drug” such as rohypnol
• CNS Depressant which exhibits signs and symptoms similar to alcohol
• Does not produce desired effects by itself and usually taken with alcohol or Opiods
• These are sometimes given to people as a “knock out drug” such as rohypnol
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Sympathomimetics
• CNS stimulants that frequently cause hypertension, tachycardia, and dilated pupils
• Common substances include:– Cocaine– MDMA ecstasy– Meth– Speed
• CNS stimulants that frequently cause hypertension, tachycardia, and dilated pupils
• Common substances include:– Cocaine– MDMA ecstasy– Meth– Speed
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Hallucinogens
• Alter an individual’s sensory perception which causes severe behavioral changes that can cause a person to become violent or self destructive
• Most common include:• LSD• PCP• Mushrooms
– The person may not be aware of ingestion if it has been laced into another drug
• Alter an individual’s sensory perception which causes severe behavioral changes that can cause a person to become violent or self destructive
• Most common include:• LSD• PCP• Mushrooms
– The person may not be aware of ingestion if it has been laced into another drug
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Anticholinergic
• Have properties that block the parasympathetic nerves and may cause cardiac arrhythmias
• Common substances include:– Atropine– Benadryl– Anti depressants
• Have properties that block the parasympathetic nerves and may cause cardiac arrhythmias
• Common substances include:– Atropine– Benadryl– Anti depressants
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Cholinergic
• Nerve gasses designed for chemical warfare• Over stimulate normal body functions• Signs and symptoms include: DUMBELS or
SLUDGE– Defication– Urination– Miosis (pupil constriction)– Bronchorrhea (discharge of mucus from lungs)– Emesis– Lacrimation (tearing)– Salivation
• Nerve gasses designed for chemical warfare• Over stimulate normal body functions• Signs and symptoms include: DUMBELS or
SLUDGE– Defication– Urination– Miosis (pupil constriction)– Bronchorrhea (discharge of mucus from lungs)– Emesis– Lacrimation (tearing)– Salivation
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Food Poisoning
• There are 2 main types of food poisoning• The organism itself causes disease– The organism that causes the disease is called salmonella and symptoms appear within 72 hours of ingestion
• The organism produces toxins that cause disease– The toxin is called Staphylococcus and symptoms
will appear within 3-4 hours of ingestion or as long as 8-12 hours
• There are 2 main types of food poisoning• The organism itself causes disease– The organism that causes the disease is called salmonella and symptoms appear within 72 hours of ingestion
• The organism produces toxins that cause disease– The toxin is called Staphylococcus and symptoms
will appear within 3-4 hours of ingestion or as long as 8-12 hours