submesoscale ncp and gpp rates from underway o 2 /ar and triple oxygen isotope measurements rachel...
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![Page 1: Submesoscale NCP and GPP rates from Underway O 2 /Ar and Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements Rachel H. R. Stanley Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ee55503460f94bf5056/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Submesoscale NCP and GPP rates from Underway O2/Ar and Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements
Rachel H. R. StanleyRachel H. R. Stanley Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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• NCP = Net Community Production = Net amount of C taken up by ecosystem, should equal export production
• NPP = Net Primary Production = autotrophic component of NCP only• GPP = Gross Primary Production = total photosynthesis
Primer on Biological Production
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• ADVANTAGES– In situ techniques– Integrate over one to two weeks – “Easy” to make measurements so high resolution possible– Includes contribution from DOC– Can be done in underway mode but need some depth info
• PROBLEMS– Rely on gas exchange estimate– What exact time/spatial scale are you measuring?– Have to account for mixing, entrainment, etc.– Doesn’t work well in upwelling regions
Gas Tracers for Measuring PP
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Method: NCP from O2 and Ar• Oxygen produced by photosynthesis, consumed by
respiration, but also affected by physics
• Ar is abiotic analogue for O2 because similar physiochemical properties
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EIMS for Continuous Measurements• Recent advance: continuous at-sea measurements of O2 and
Ar using an Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometer (EIMS) yield thousands of data points of NCP
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EIMS for Continuous Measurements• Recent advance: continuous at-sea measurements of O2 and
Ar using an Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometer (EIMS) yield thousands of data points of NCP
OceanMixed Layer
Wet Lab (at-sea)
EquilibratorCartridge
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS)
Measure O2 and Ar
gasfrom
headspace
UnderwayWater
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EIMS for Continuous Measurements• Recent advance: continuous at-sea measurements of O2 and
Ar using an Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometer (EIMS) yield thousands of data points of NCP
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Two Datasets from the Pacific
From Stanley et al, GBC, 2010
WEP
STP
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• Not many variables measured at high enough resolution for comparison with NCP
• Temperature is a measure of physical variability and frontal instabilities
• Correlation analysis is not enough – sections with positive and negative correlation, lags, etc.
NCP and Temperature
From Stanley et al, GBC, 2010WEP
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• Power spectra for temperature and O2/Ar similar at low frequency, but differ at high frequency
Power Spectra
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• PDF=power density function
• Temperature and O2/Ar differ at scales close to 4 km, similar at scales >10 km
Scales of Variability
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• PDF=power density function
• Temperature and O2/Ar differ at scales close to 4 km, similar at scales >10 km
Scales of Variability
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Similar variability between NCP and physics
• Kurtosis -- at scales ranging from 8 to 50 km -- shows similar variability of temperature and O2/Ar (and thus NCP)
• Suggests that processes are related physics is “priming the pump” for biology
But to examine link, really need Process Studies!
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• GPP = Gross Primary Production = total photosynthetic flux• Mass independent fractionation results in atmospheric 17
different than photosynthetic 17.• Sampled discretely while underway or from niskins
GPP from Triple Oyxgen Isotopes
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GPP and NPP• “STP” cruise• GPP and NPP
similar pattern• GPP/NPP ratio
equals 3 to 5 • BUT there are
differences autotrophic respiration (RA), Mehler reaction, or photo-respiration
NPP=GPP-RA
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GPP, NPP and NCP• Do I want any text?
NCP=GPP-RA-RH
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Energy Flow Diagrams• Diagrams drawn
to scale
• Differences in regions: total amount of energy & its distribution between boxes
• Caveats: measurement uncertainty, VGPM NPP
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• NCP can be measured continuously from underway system from O2/Ar ratios
• Submesoscale variability in NCP similar to that in physics
• GPP can be measured discretely from underway water or Niskins
• Combination of GPP, NCP and NPP describe energy flow variations in autotrophic respiration may be important
• NEED some CTD cast samples to correct for entrainment (Nicholson et al, submitted)
Conclusions
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Collaborators:– Raf Ferrari (MIT), Michael Bender (Princeton), John
Kirkpatrick (UW)– Captain and crew of R/V Kilo Moana and NOAA ship
Kai’imomoana•Funding Sources:
– NSF Chemical Oceanography– WHOI Penzance Fund for Assistant Scientists
Acknowledgements
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